然而，近几十年来，受到气候变化和人类活动的影响，青海湖水位持续下降。不仅如此，据保守估计，青海湖每年要接待游客约70万人次，随之带来的垃圾污染问题也日益凸显。垃圾填埋场臭味熏天，湖面上各种垃圾不断涌上岸边，上千只牛羊因误食白色垃圾而死亡……这一系列问题，严重破坏了青海湖及周边草场的生态环境，也给牧区居民的生产生活带来严重影响。8月中旬，《生命时报》记者带着忐忑的心情来到青海湖调查采访。

however,In recent decades,Affected by climate change and the influence of human activity,Qinghai lake water level is declining.Not only that,According to conservative estimates,Qinghai lake visitors each year about 700000 people,The resulting garbage pollution problem is increasingly prominent.Landfill site stinks to high heaven,The surface of the lake in all sorts of junk constantly poured into the shore,Thousands of cattle and sheep because by mistake eats the white trash and death……This a series of problems,Serious damage the qinghai lake and the surrounding ecological environment of the pasture,Also the production of pastoral area residents life brings the serious influence.In the middle of August,[Life times]Reporter in with the mood to qinghai lake research interview.

记者实地调查青海湖 Reporter field survey qinghai lake

　　环青海湖开发的景区有鸟岛、沙岛、仙女湾、金沙湾和二郎剑等。8月10日，记者来到游客最多的景区之一二郎剑。这里是我国首个鱼雷发射试验基地，距西宁151公里，又被称为151基地。景区位于青海湖东南岸，是一条狭长的陆地堤带，草原、沙滩、动物等各种自然资源丰富。而如今，这里却被大量垃圾覆盖。在距离二郎剑约10公里处有一个填埋场，记者远远就闻到了一股刺鼻的臭味。走近一看，这个填埋场并没有任何防渗、沼气收集等设施，只是随意将垃圾堆在里面。该填埋场有两片填埋区：最南边的一片填埋了大量建筑垃圾，北边面积较大的填埋区里是生活垃圾，塑料瓶、易拉罐、食品包装纸箱、塑料食品包装袋以及餐厨垃圾都混在一起（见图1）。一名牧民告诉记者：“这个填埋场没有任何防护网，冬天刮大风时，里面很多垃圾都会被刮到草场区。过去这几年，我家里有17只羊因为吃垃圾吃死了。”

The development of qinghai lake scenic spot have place/Sand island/Fairy bay/Gold shawan and ErLang sword, etc.August 10,,The reporter comes to one of the most popular with visitors ErLang sword.Here is China's first torpedo launch test base,151 km away from xining,Also called 151 base.Scenic area located at south of qinghai HuDong,Is a narrow strip of land barrier belt,grassland/beach/Animals and so on all sorts of rich natural resources.now,There are a lot of junk cover.In the distance ErLang sword about 10 kilometers a landfill,Reporter far smelled a stream of pungent odor.Approached a look,The landfill and no seepage control/Methane collection facilities,Just random will dump on the inside.The landfill have two pieces of landfill area:The south a piece of a large number of construction waste landfill,The north area larger landfill area is garbage,Plastic bottle/cans/Food packaging carton/Plastic food bags and eat hutch garbage are mixed together(See chart 1).A herdsman told reporters:"The landfill site without any mat,During the gale the winter,Inside a lot of garbage will be blown to pasture area.Over the past few years,My house has 17 sheep because eating garbage eat dead."

　　环湖周围还有大量牧民开设的私人景点，骑马、骑牦牛、赏油菜花、滑沙等项目较多，很多游客喜欢在这样的景点停留，使其也成了垃圾泛滥的地方。而在这些景点里，记者没有看到垃圾箱，也没看见有人收集垃圾。游客都是直接将垃圾扔到路边、草丛或沙地上，饮料瓶、易拉罐、啤酒瓶和方便面桶等到处都是（见图3）。而这些私人景点因为紧挨青海湖，冬天大风来临时，青海湖面就会漂起很多垃圾。

Around the nomads have a large open private attractions,riding/Ride a yak/Reward rape flower/Sliding sand projects more,Many tourists like to stay in this scenic spot,Make it has become garbage flood place.And in these attractions in,Reporter didn't see the dustbin,Also didn't see someone garbage collection.Tourists are directly garbage to the side of the road/Grass or sand,Beverage bottle/cans/Beer bottles and instant noodles barrel etc are everywhere(See figure 3).And these private attractions for close to qinghai lake,Winter wind comes,Qinghai lake will levitating a lot of rubbish.

　　除了游客带来的垃圾，当地牧民在放牧时也会随手扔垃圾，旧衣物、烂鞋子随地可见。“由于没有垃圾桶，更没人来清理，只能随地扔。”另一位牧民无奈地说，“可我们也在自食其果。去年，我家放养的400多只羊，无缘无故就死了70多只。后来，把死羊宰杀了，发现羊的胃里满是塑料垃圾，肠子也跟塑料袋搅在一起。这些羊活着的时候估计也没少受罪。”说着，他低下头叹了口气，又把脸转到一边，望向远方。据了解，一只羊在青海湖边两年能长到30斤左右，但如果吃了“白色垃圾”，4年都长不了30斤。这些白色垃圾不仅影响牛羊的吸收功能，还会导致牛羊怀孕率降低，流产率提高。牧民饲养的牛羊，尤其是种牛羊，在5年到10年间产生不出经济效益。这种羊如果早死的话，牧民的损失还会少一些，如果两三年死不了，就把牧民坑苦了。

In addition to bring tourists garbage,The local herdsmen in grazing can also with throw rubbish,Old clothes/Black shoes anywhere visible."Since there is no trash can,More no one to clean up,Can only throw anywhere."Another pastoralists reluctantly said,"But we are also reap as one has sown.Last year,My stocking of more than 400 sheep,For no reason at all died more than 70 only.later,Put the dead sheep slaughtered,Find the sheep stomach is full of plastic waste,Intestines with plastic bags to stir together.These sheep alive estimate also didn't suffer less."said,He dropped his head and sighed,And face turning to one side,Gazing into the distance.It is understood,A sheep in the qinghai lake two years can grow to about 30 jins,But if eat"White trash",4 years long not 30 jins.These white garbage affect not only cattle and sheep absorption function,It can also cause a cattle and sheep pregnancy rate reduce,Abortion rate increase.Herdsmen raise cattle,Especially the kind of cow sheep,In five to ten years don't produce economic benefits.The sheep if early death words,The loss of the nomads will be less,If two or three years never die,The herdsmen pit bitter.

　　按照藏文化的说法，他们不希望看到脏东西，但是政府目前并没有对牧区的垃圾做任何的收集和处理，他们又没有别的办法让这些东西消失。因此，牧民对于这些垃圾也是既恨又无奈。有些牧民只得将食品塑料包装直接投到做饭的炉子里烧掉。

According to Tibetan culture said,They don't want to see dirty things,But the government does not currently have to pastoral areas of garbage do any collection and processing,And they have no other way to make these things disappear.so,Herdsmen for these garbage is not only hate and helpless.Some of the herdsmen had to be plastic packaging for food directly to cook in the stove burned.

　　随后，记者来到湖东岸，远远望去，湖面广阔平静。走近了看到的却并非清澈见底的湖水，取而代之的是泛起的层层白沫，浑浊的水面将黄的、红的垃圾推向岸边。一只海鸟掠过，与湖面渐渐融为一幅画，却似乎与眼前这些各种颜色的垃圾格格不入（见图4）。

then,Reporters came to the east lake,Far looked,Vast lake calm.The approach is not clear to see the lake,Instead of at a layer,Turbid water surface will be yellow/Red garbage to the shore.Through a bird,And the lake melts gradually for a picture,But with eyes seemed to these various color is rubbish(See chart 4).

景区垃圾管理形同虚设 The waste management was largely invisible

　　据了解，以前，青海湖的旅游、开发归河南州、河北州和环湖3县管理。2008年后，青海省政府成立了青海省青海湖景区保护利用管理局，同时成立了下属的青海省青海湖旅游集团有限公司（以下简称集团），由其全权负责青海湖的开发、利用工作，上文所说的二郎剑等景区便由其管理。

It is understood,before,Qinghai lake tourist/Development to henan state/Hebei state and the three county management.2008 years later,The government has set up in qinghai province of qinghai lake qinghai province administration of protection and utilization,At the same time set up affiliate qinghai lake qinghai tourism group co., LTD(Hereinafter referred to as the group),By its solely responsible for the development of the qinghai lake/use,The above said ErLang sword and other scenic areas and the management.

　　该集团负责人介绍，目前109、306国道和环湖东路内的垃圾都由他们负责收集和处理。景区内最初都没有垃圾箱，里面到处是垃圾。后来由于很多旅客投诉，集团在景区内摆设了垃圾桶，并投入资金购买了垃圾清运车。“但是，我们只负责收集和处理景区内、投到垃圾桶里的垃圾。”而对于上述景区以外的环湖360多公里范围，并没有摆设垃圾桶。该负责人告诉记者：“像二郎剑等景区内外的餐馆产生的垃圾也是由我们处理。这些湿的餐厨垃圾也是送去填埋场。所有关于垃圾处理产生的费用目前都是由集团投资。”集团有两辆垃圾运输车，能够装载两吨多的垃圾。“根据游客的数量不同，每天的清运数量是2到5车不等。”

The group chief introduction,Of the 109/306 national road and the road in the rubbish they are responsible for the collection and processing.In the original are not dustbin,It is full of junk.Later, due to many passenger complaints,Group in the decoration inside the trash can,And investment funds to buy the QingYunChe garbage."but,We are only responsible for collecting and processing in the scenic spot/Into the trash of garbage."For the above scenic area outside of the scope of more than 360 kilometers,And not a trash can.The official told reporters:"Like ErLang sword and other scenic areas inside and outside the waste generated in the restaurant is by our treatment.These wet eat hutch garbage can also be sent to landfill.All about garbage processing produces cost at present are made by group investment."Group two a garbage truck,Can carry more than two tons of garbage."According to the number of visitors is different,Everyday, transporting quantity is 2 to 5 car inequality."

　　按该负责人的说法，环湖 360公里有100多人在捡垃圾。但在记者调查的过程中，从没有看到任何人在环湖周边捡拾垃圾。记者只在湖边看到一辆无人管理的三轮车，上面写着“青海湖垃圾收集”，但是车里只有牛粪，并没有其他生活垃圾。而对于该集团负责人所说的“各个景区的垃圾会集中起来卫生填埋”的情况，在记者走访了鸟岛等景区后发现，也并不属实。

According to the person in charge said,The 360 kilometers, more than 100 people in picking up litter.But in the process of journalists to investigate,Never see anyone in the surrounding pick up garbage.Reporter only on the edge of the lake and saw a car unattended tricycle,It says"Qinghai lake garbage collection",But the car only cow muck,And there is no other living garbage.For the group chief said"Each scenic spot of garbage will concentrate sanitary landfill"situation,The reporter visited the place and found,Is not true.

　　近几年，来青海湖的游客日渐增多，连续举办两届的“环青海湖国际公路自行车赛”等都为青海湖带来显著的经济效益。宾馆、餐厅、娱乐设施以及不断翻新的小饭馆、招待所越来越多，但是却没有人真正关心这里的环境。真不知道，各相关部门对环境污染的漠视态度和不作为如果继续下去，到底会把青海湖引向何处。

In recent years,To qinghai lake of tourists increase day by day,Continuously held the two"Tour DE qinghai lake international road cycling"And for qinghai lake bring significant economic benefits.hotel/restaurant/Entertainment facilities and the small restaurant unceasingly/Hostel more and more,But no one really care about the environment.I don't know,The relevant departments of the pollution of the environment to attitude and not as if to continue,What will the qinghai lake to where.

藏族志愿者呼唤救湖行动 Tibetan volunteer call save lake action

　　南加是青海湖生态文化与普氏原羚公众交流基地的发起人，随着近几年环湖和牧区的垃圾问题日益严重，而开始关注垃圾处理。从小就生活在青海湖东岸的南加，对这里有着深厚的感情，也亲眼见证了这些年青海湖的变化。

Usc is qinghai lake ecological culture and proctor original current public communication base of the sponsors,In recent years, along with the garbage and pastoral areas are getting more and more serious,And begin to pay close attention to refuse treatment.Since the childhood living in qinghai lake on the east coast of the south,Here to have deep feelings,Also have witnessed these changes of qinghai lake.

　　南加告诉《生命时报》记者，冬天来大风时，这些垃圾被直接刮到河里、草原深处，对草的生长，河湖的生态和牛羊都造成很大影响。垃圾如果被放在或者刮到草原上的水源处，水流会逐渐减弱，泉水最后消失，周边植被随之减少，慢慢出现沙化。一些塑料袋或者塑料包装丢在一个地方1年以上，周边的土壤就会变黄，草木不再生长。又大又厚的纸箱盖住的草地，两到三个月草就会死掉。很多牛羊在喝水或者吃草时，如果吃进塑料垃圾，最终的结果就是死亡。“我身边有一户牧民，至今还保留着因为吞食塑料而死亡的牛的胃，这个胃里有好几个塑料袋。”南加说。

Told south[Life times]reporter,Winter comes when winds,The rubbish is direct blow into the river/Prairie depths,To the growth of the grass,The ecological and cattle and sheep were created a great influence.Garbage if were placed in or drag to grasslands in the water,The current will gradually weaken,Spring finally disappeared,Surrounding vegetation decrease,Slowly appeared desertification.Some plastic bags or plastic packing throw in one place more than one year,Surrounding soil will become yellow,Vegetation no longer growth.Big and thick carton cover grass,Two to three months grass will die.Many cattle and sheep eating grass in water or when,If eat into plastic garbage,The end result is death."My side there is a door nomads,Still retains because swallow plastic die cattle stomach,The stomach has several plastic bags."Said south.

　　为减轻垃圾对青海湖和牧区的恶劣影响，南加和其他志愿者已经行动起来了。他常常冒着严寒，发动家人和周边的牧民捡垃圾，连刚上小学的儿子桑杰也参与其中（见图2）。对捡来的垃圾，南加只得无奈地在自己家后院烧掉。他说：“依照我们的风俗，焚烧垃圾，尤其是含肉的东西，是一种大不敬。但是亲身经历了垃圾泛滥对青海湖、水源、草场及牛羊的影响后，我必须要将这些垃圾捡出来。但是又没法处理，只得烧掉。”现在，南加最希望的就是政府能够出面解决这些垃圾问题。

In order to alleviate the garbage on the qinghai lake and pastoral areas bad influence,South and other volunteers have already acted up.He often in the cold,Engine family and surrounding the nomads of picking up trash,Even just elementary school son sanjay are also involved(See figure 2).To pick up the garbage,Usc had to reluctantly in my backyard burned.He said:"According to our customs,Garbage burned,Especially including meat things,Is a misdemeanor.But experience the junk flood to qinghai lake/water/Pasture cattle and sheep and the impact,I have to pick up the garbage out.But I can't deal with,Had to burn."now,The most hope south is the government can to solve the rubbish problem.

　　“我希望青海湖边永远没有垃圾污染，”南加说，“我最大的心愿，是盼望邻居们能够一起参与到环保中来，别让生态再恶化下去。”南加说这话的时候，他的儿子小桑杰坐在地上唱起自编词自创曲的歌：“白色污染清理行动，保护环境快快乐乐的多好……”

"I hope never waste pollution of qinghai lake,"Said south,"My biggest wish,Is looking forward to the neighbors together to take part in the environmental protection to,Don't let the ecological deterioration down again."Usc saying these words,His son small sanjay to sit down on the ground singing wrote a song words of song:"White pollution cleaning action,Protect the environment happy much good……"