从本月起，我国解除了一项执行了14年的禁令：不接受女同性恋者捐献血液。而对于男同性恋者献血行为，仍加以禁止。

From this month，Our country lifted a ban on executive for 14 years：Don't accept a lesbian donated blood。And for gay men blood donation act，Still be stopped。

　　新公布的《献血者健康检查要求》为何对女同性恋者献血行为解禁？为何仍限制男同性恋者献血行为？血站能否检测出献血者血液里的艾滋病病毒？新规是否具有可操作性？

Published by the new《Blood donors health inspection requirements》Why to female gay ban blood donation act？Why is still limited gay men blood donation act？Blood stations can detect the AIDS virus blood donors？New rule to whether be operable？

　　昨天，本报对话反歧视维权专家陆军、中国人民大学行政法专家王贵松。

yesterday，This dialogue discrimination rights experts army、The people's university of China WangGuiSong administrative law experts。

　　“如果感染者在病毒窗口期献血，以现在的技术无法判断出血液中是否携带艾滋病病毒。加强血液检测筛查力度，才是消除歧视、平等待人的有效方法。”

“If those infected in the window period virus blood donation，With the present technology cannot tell whether in the blood with HIV/AIDS。Strengthen blood screening efforts，Is eliminate discrimination、Equality is the effective method to treat people。”

　　

京华时报：新规实施后引发热议，作为反歧视方面的公益人士，如何看待此事？ Jinghua times：After the implementation of the new rule to cause of hot debate，As the public prejudice against people，How to look at it？

　　陆军：与2001年颁布的《献血者健康检查要求》相比，新《献血要求》将同性恋者禁止献血改为男男性行为者禁止献血，在某种程度上来说，是一种进步。新规允许女性同性恋者献血，体现了社会对同性恋者的包容。但将男男性行为者排除在可献血者之外，对于部分男同性恋者来说，可能会加剧大众对男同性恋者的恐惧心理。可以说是既有进步，也有缺陷吧！

army：And promulgated in 2001《Blood donors health inspection requirements》compared，new《Blood donation requirements》Would gay ban blood donation to male actors banned blood donation，In a manner of speaking，Is a kind of progress。The new rules to allow women to gay blood donation，To reflect the society of gay tolerance。But will the male behavior can be excluded from the outside of the blood donors，For some gay men speaking，Could exacerbate the public to gay men fears。Can say is both progress，Have drawbacks,！

　　

京华时报：血站能否检测出献血者血液里的HIV病毒？ Jinghua times：Blood stations can detect the blood donors HIV？

　　陆军：目前，科技水平可以对献血者的血液进行检测，从而排查出带有HIV、梅毒等病毒的血液。但HIV病毒有窗口期(所谓窗口期，是指HIV最初进入人体到产生可检测出病毒抗体的时间，通常为两周到三个月，最长可达六个月)，如果感染者在病毒窗口期献血，以现在的技术无法判断出血液中是否携带艾滋病病毒。但建议血站是否可以考虑将同性恋者所献的血液储存六个月后再检测，检测通过后再予以入库。

army：At present，Science and technology level of blood donors can be tested，Thus the side with HIV、Syphilis, the virus blood。But HIV virus have the window period(The so-called window period，Refers to the first enter human body to produce HIV can detect the virus antibody of time，Usually two weeks for three months，Up to six months)，If those infected in the window period virus blood donation，With the present technology cannot tell whether in the blood with HIV/AIDS。But it can be considered whether blood gay their blood stored six months after the test，Detection through to again after Treasury。

　　而且，当前未知的传染病很多，如果每出现一种恶性传染病就增加一些禁止献血的人群，这样永远无法完全保证所献血液安全。加强血液检测筛查力度，才是消除歧视、平等待人的有效方法。

and，The current unknown infectious disease a lot，If each appear a vicious infectious disease will increase some banned blood donation of the population，This can never be fully guarantee the safety offer blood。Strengthen blood screening efforts，Is eliminate discrimination、Equality is the effective method to treat people。

　　

京华时报：为女同性恋者献血解禁是何原因？ Jinghua times：For lesbians ban blood donation is why？

　　陆军：男同性恋者患有HIV的几率比常人要高，但女同性恋者传播HIV等经血液传播疾病的风险的几率并不比常人高。可能是出于与国际惯例接轨的考虑，此次出台的新规解除了女同性恋者不得献血的禁令。

army：Gay men with HIV rate than the ordinary person wants tall，But a lesbian spread HIV through blood and the risk of disease transmission chance than ordinary people is not high。May be out of and the international practice consideration，The new rules issued from a lesbian shall not to donate blood ban。

　　其实，同性恋者与献血之间并不存在对立的关系，关键在于人的行为。男同性恋者如果没有男男性行为，或者以安全的方式进行同性性行为，并不会传播HIV等高危疾病。因此，此次新规明确规定，禁止男男性行为者献血，而独身男同性恋者并不在禁止献血之列。

In fact，Gay and blood donation does not exist between opposing relationship，The key lies in the man's behavior。Gay men if no male behavior，Or to secure ways to make gay sex，Will not spread HIV and other risk of disease。so，The new rule to explicitly，Ban male actors to donate their blood，And single gay men is not in the list of banned blood donation。

　　

京华时报：国外是否有禁止男男性行为者献血的规定？ Jinghua times：Whether there is banned foreign male actors blood donation rules？

　　陆军：有的。例如在美国，男同性恋者献血也是被禁止的，从这一点上来说，新规符合国际惯例。

army：some。For example in the United States，Gay men blood donation is banned，From this point it，The new rules in line with international practice。

　　其实，禁止同性恋者献血可操作性的问题，是一种世界性难题，目前在国际上尚无完善的解决方案。

In fact，Banning gay blood donation operational problems，Is a worldwide problem，At present there is no perfect in the world of the solution。

　　

■人物 S characters

　　

陆 军 Continental army

　　反歧视公益机构北京益仁平中心常务理事，2003年开始从事反歧视法律维权、立法倡导。曾代理及协助了五十余起反歧视诉讼案，包括中国第一例女性相貌就业歧视案、中国第一例女工乙肝歧视案、中国第一例同性恋起诉献血歧视案。协助十多位人大代表、政协委员撰写了反歧视议案、提案和建议。

Discrimination: RenPing charity Beijing central executive member of the council，2003 years begin to engage in legal rights protection against discrimination、Legislation advocate。Once agent and assist the anti discrimination lawsuit over 50 up，Including China the first case of women employment discrimination case looks、China's first case of female workers hepatitis b discrimination case、China's first case of gay prosecution blood donation discrimination case。Assist more than ten National People's Congress、The Chinese people's political consultative conference to write the discrimination bill、Proposals and Suggestions。

　　

王贵松 WangGuiSong

　　中国人民大学法学院副教授，法学博士。主要致力于研究行政法的传统领域和个别现代问题，以及宪法的个别核心问题和一些边缘问题。曾主持“行政裁量的正义”“行政裁量的司法审查强度研究”等多个中国人民大学科学研究基金项目。编著《行政信赖保护论》《行政与民事争议交织的难题》等三部教材。

Chinese people's university law school associate professors，Doctor of law。The main research fields of traditional administrative law and individual modern problem，And the constitution of individual core problems and some edge problems。Was in charge of“The justice of administrative discretion”“Strength of judicial review of administrative discretion”And so on many people's university of China science research fund projects。,《Administrative trust protection theory》《Administrative and civil dispute intertwined problems》Three part teaching materials such as。

　　

■关键词 S keywords

　　

男同性恋者禁献血 Gay men the blood donation

　　7月1日，卫生部新版《献血者健康检查要求》正式实施，新规对同性恋者献血的相关规定做了修订。新规指出，易感染经血液传播疾病的高危人群，如有吸毒史、男男性行为及多个性伴侣的人不允许献血。按照新规，女同性恋者的献血行为被“解禁”。

July 1,，The health ministry《Blood donors health inspection requirements》Formally implementing，The new rules to the relevant provisions of the gay blood donation the revised。The new rules points out that，Easy infection through blood spread the disease at higher risk，If have illicit drugs、Male behavior and multiple partners man will not allow the blood donation。According to the new rule，Female homosexual behavior was of blood donation“lifted”。

　　“新规可操作性较低，但也有强制执行力，违规者可能会承担一定的法律责任，但这些处罚规定在实际的执行中存在很大的困难。”

“The new rules operability is low，But there are also enforced force，Offenders may assume certain legal responsibility，But the penalties prescribed in the actual exist in the process of great difficulties。”

　　

京华时报：从行政法的角度来看，您认为新规的改动是否合理？ Jinghua times：From the point of view of the administrative law，Do you think that the new rule changes is reasonable？

　　王贵松：新规提高献血年龄上限、增加献血量的选择范围、允许女同性恋者献血等方面，有一定的合理性。但其仍然禁止男男性行为者献血，有侵犯他人隐私权的嫌疑，也对男同性恋者是一种歧视。

WangGuiSong：New rule to improve blood donation upper age limit、Increase XianXieLiang range of options、Allow a lesbian blood donation, etc，Has certain rationality。But its still banned male actors to donate their blood，Have to infringe upon the suspicion of privacy，Also on gay men is a kind of discrimination。

　　依据新规，献血者在献血前要如实向血站告知自己的详细信息，其中包括是否是同性恋者，此举有侵犯同性恋者隐私的嫌疑。毕竟在现在的社会观念中，有些同性恋者不愿将自己的性取向告知陌生人。但依据新规，同性恋者献血时需如实告知医生，不利保护其个人隐私，也涉嫌歧视男性同性恋者。

According to the new rules，Blood donors in blood donation to tell the blood bank before informed of his detailed information，Including is gay，This action has infringed gay suspected of privacy。After all, in the present society concept，Some gay to their sexual orientation told the stranger。But according to the new rules，Gay blood donation to truthfully inform the doctor，Adverse to protect its individual privacy，Also alleged discrimination male homosexuals。

　　

京华时报：新规禁止男男性行为者献血，实际中如何操作？ Jinghua times：The new rules ban male actors to donate their blood，Practice how to operate？

　　王贵松：我个人认为其可操作性较低。以现在的技术手段，无法检测某人是否是同性恋者，只能靠献血者主动告知。采血人员只能依靠对献血者的问询和其近期身体及生活状况调查表来获知献血者的信息。由于无法核实献血者所填信息真伪，如果男同性恋者隐瞒实情，采血人员也无法分辨。

WangGuiSong：Personally I think its feasibility is low。With the present technology，Nothing can detect someone is gay，Can only rely on active told donors。Blood sampling personnel to blood donors can only rely on the information and its recent body and living conditions of the questionnaire of blood donors to learn information。Unable to verify the authenticity of information in the blood donors，If gay men conceal the truth，Blood sampling personnel also couldn't tell。

　　目前就国内的情况来看，除少数大胆表明自己喜欢同性的同性恋者外，大部分同性恋者比较低调，仅有亲近的亲属或朋友知道详情，甚至还有连亲属也不知道其真正性取向的同性恋者。因此，辨明献血者是否是男同性恋者存在极大困难，其可操作性较低。

The current domestic situation，Except a few bold show like same-sex gay outside，Most gay more low-key，Only close relatives or friends know the details，Even even relatives also don't know its real sexual orientation of gay。so，Whether the heart blood donors gay men exist great difficulties，Its feasibility is low。

　　

京华时报：既然操作性较低，为何卫生部仍然出台该项规章？ Jinghua times：Since the operation is low，Why health ministry issued the regulations still？

　　王贵松：卫生部此次公布执行的新《献血要求》虽然属于规章类别，但也有强制执行力，违规者可能会承担一定的法律责任。卫生部可能是考虑到国内、国际上的现状，需要表明一种态度，即为了保障所采血液的可用性和用血安全，限制高危人群献血。

WangGuiSong：The health ministry announced the execution of the new《Blood donation requirements》Although belonging to rules and categories，But there are also enforced force，Offenders may assume certain legal responsibility。The health ministry may be considering the domestic、The present status of international，Need to show that a kind of attitude，In order to ensure that the blood in the availability and safe use，Limit high-risk groups to donate their blood。

　　

京华时报：这种强制执行力如何落实，是否有明确的处罚规定？ Jinghua times：The compulsory execution how to implement，Whether there is a clear punishment regulations？

　　王贵松：在新《献血要求》中没有具体的处罚规定，仅是规定不如实填写者，因所献血液引发不良后果，应按照法律规定承担一定责任。主要依据的法律法规有《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》《血站管理办法》等。

WangGuiSong：In the new《Blood donation requirements》No specific punishment regulations，Not only is a regulation required to fill in the person，Because of their blood provoke adverse consequences，In accordance with the law shall bear some responsibility。The laws and regulations of the main basis《The People's Republic of contagious diseases》《Blood stations management measures》etc。

　　其实这些处罚规定在实际的执行中存在很大的困难。如男同性恋者隐瞒身份献血，除非引发了不良后果，否则极难发现，也就无从进行处罚。(记者周琦实习记者林露虹本报漫画谢瑶)

In fact the penalties prescribed in the actual exist in the process of great difficulties。Such as gay men hide identity to donate their blood，Unless caused adverse consequences，Otherwise very difficult to find，There was no way is punished。(Reporter ZhouQi practice reporter LinLouHong our newspaper cartoons XieYao)