-方舟子答网友问 -how a net friend asked

　　无证据表明可预防近视 No evidence that can prevent myopia

　　科普专家方舟子曾在自己的博客中“炮轰”眼保健操。“有没有什么科学的理论、临床试验或调查统计证明做眼保健操确实能够预防近视呢？没有。某个人自称自己因为做眼保健操所以不得近视甚至逆转了近视，这不是证据，因为个案证明不了疗效。”

The popular science experts have their own blogs in fang“shelling”Eye exercises。“What science theory、Clinical trials or investigation statistics prove doing eye exercises can actually prevent myopia？no。One person claiming that they because doing eye exercises so they do not myopia even reverse the myopia，This is not evidence，Because the case proved not the curative effect。”

　　昨天下午，科普作家方舟子做客微访谈，针对“眼保健操有用吗”在线答疑，一个小时的访谈时间内，共有30名网友的问题得到回答。

Yesterday afternoon，Science writer fang guest micro interview，According to“Eye exercises useful”Online FAQ，A hours of interviews in time，There were 30 net friend question answered。

　>>答问摘录 >>Excerpts from answering questions

　　韩志志:如果手不接触眼球，只隔着眼皮按摩也不行吗？

HanZhiZhi: if hand eye contact，Just across the eyelid massage also not line？

　　方舟子：做眼皮按摩也有感染的风险。特别是眼保健操有一节是挤压鼻根眼角的所谓睛明穴，最危险。

fang：Do eyelid massage also have the risk of infection。Especially a quarter eye exercises is squeezing the radix of canthus so-called Ming acupuncture point set，The most dangerous。

　　乔璐：好像近视比例高和眼保健操没一点关系吧？现在有几个学校还强制学生做？而且有几个学生认真做过？记得初中一二年级做眼保健操，眼睛很好。初三以后，就不做了。高二就近视了。

QiaoLu：Like myopia rate high and eye exercises no point's relationship？Now several schools also forced students do？And a few students seriously？Remember the junior middle school second grade doing eye exercises，Eyes are very good。After 3，Won't do it。High myopia is......。

　　方舟子：近视是眼睛自然发育的结果，你有近视基因，到高二时眼睛发育定型，所以近视了，和你做不做眼保健操没有关系。

fang：Myopia is the eye of the development of natural results，You have myopia genes，When senior high school to finalize the design development eyes，So the myopia，And you do not do eye exercises no relationship。

　　haiyan：中医专家站出来，到你们说话的时候了，别人都是外行看热闹，这才是最需要你们的时刻，需要你们解读这一难题。

haiyan：Traditional Chinese medicine experts stand out，When talking to you，Others are the inexperienced，This is the most in need of your time，You need to read this problem。

　　方舟子：近视的成因、遗传和矫正都是现代医学研究出来的，中医连近视是怎么形成的都不懂，他们有什么发言权？

fang：Myopic causes、Genetic and correction are modern medical research to come out，Traditional Chinese medicine even myopia in what form the all don't understand，What they have to say？

　　刘捷宸：除了遗传因素，请问现在有哪些可以提升眼睛视力的方法被科学证实了？比如补充维生素A。

LiuJie our：Besides genetic factors，What can ascend now excuse me eyes vision method is scientific confirmed？Such as vitamin A。

　　方舟子：补充维生素A只能预防、治疗夜盲症，对改善视力并没有什么用。没有什么办法已被证实了能改善视力，除了戴眼镜和手术。

fang：Taking vitamin A can prevent only、Treatment night blindness，To improve vision and not what use。No way has been confirmed that can improve your vision，In addition to wear glasses and surgery。

　　陈锐锦：做眼保健操会造成什么后果？严重不？

ChenRuiJin：Doing eye exercises will cause what the consequences？Serious not？

　　方舟子：做眼保健操是用手接触眼睛，会增加眼睛感染和上呼吸道感染的风险，手越不干净，风险越大。学生做眼保健操之前并没有对手进行消毒，所以风险很大。

fang：Doing eye exercises is by hand touching the eyes，Will increase eye infections and upper respiratory tract infection risk，Hand more not clean，The greater the risk。Students doing eye exercises and no opponent before disinfection，So the risk is very big。

　-新闻延伸 Extension-news

　　眼保健操流变记 Eye exercises rheological to remember

　　揉天应穴，挤按睛明穴，揉四白穴，轮刮眼眶……1963年，北京医学院体育教研组主任刘世铭根据中医经络穴位理论、推拿按摩方法自创一套眼保健操，最初共有8节，后经中医按摩师简化，时长约为5分钟。

Knead day should point，Crowded according to the point isn，Knead four white hole，Round eyes...... scrape1963 years，Beijing medical college sports, director of research LiuShiMing according to TCM theory meridian entry points、Traditional massage method started a set of eye exercises，First total of eight quarter，After Chinese massage teacher simplified，Duration of about 5 minutes。

　　在北京，1976年，为了让眼保健操的做法更易懂、更直观，专家们又开始为眼保健操拍挂图、灌唱片。最后选中了北京市崇文区光明小学的一名女生录口令。眼保健操随后得到国家教委的大力推广，规定小学生每天做两次课间眼保健操。

In Beijing，1976 years，In order to let eye exercises practice more understandable、More intuitive，Experts began to take wall charts for eye exercises、Irrigation record。Finally chosen Beijing ChongWenOu light elementary school a girl record the password。Eye exercises and then get the state education commission vigorously promoted，Provisions do two students every day between the eye exercises。

　　每天课间时分，全国各地的中小学内都会响起同样的悠扬伴奏乐，学生们端坐在座位上，低头闭目，将大拇指抵于眼角处，“第一节，揉天应穴……”80后的小吕忘不了，高中每天紧张的“数理化”题海中，只有在第二节课后的这5分钟才能享受短暂的放松。

Every day at the break，All over the country in the middle and primary school will ring out of the same melodious music accompaniment，The students sit in the seat，Bowed their heads and close the，Will the thumb is to canthus place，“The first quarter，Knead day should point......”After 80, xiao lu forget，High school every day of tension“science”In exams，Only in the second quarter of this 5 minutes after class to enjoy a relaxing。

　　随着“小眼镜”的逐年增多，使北京率先动了改良眼保健操的心思。

as“Small glasses”Increased year by year，Beijing took the lead in moved improved the mind of the eye exercises。

　　2008年，北京市疾控中心牵头，联合多名眼科专家对眼保健操进行修订，旨在通过融入更多的穴位元素和学生感兴趣的动作，如脚趾抓地等，来提高学生们对眼保健操的兴趣。并于次年公布《家庭护眼按摩操》，希望家长也能学习，并指导孩子一起做。

2008 years，Beijing led by the centers for disease control，Joint of an eye specialist eye exercises to revise，Aims to more points into elements and students interested in action，Such as toes to catch，To improve the students interest in eye exercises。And in the next year is announced《Family eye massage exercise》，Hope that parents can also learn，And guide the children do together。

　　尽管对300名中小学生进行效果评估认为：“新版眼保健操对改善学生视力、缓解眼部疲劳效果明显”，但却难以阻挡本市中小学生的视力不良检出率的上升，此数字由2008年53.98%在三年后已增至62.99%。市疾控中心学校卫生所所长段佳丽坦言，现在课业负担重，家长们望子成龙的心态突出，因此入学时就是“小四眼”的情况并不鲜见，保护视力还需学校、家长、孩子共同努力，“并不是每天10分钟的眼保健操就能解决的”。

Although of 300 small and medium-sized students think effect evaluation：“The new eye exercises to improve student vision、Alleviate eye fatigue effect is obvious”，But it is difficult to stop this city of primary and middle school students' bad vision of the detection rate rise，This digital by 2008 53.98% in three years later has increased to 62.99%。The centers for disease control and the school health center director section scarlett said，Now schoolwork burden heavier，Parents competitive mentality outstanding，So admission is“Small four eyes”The case is not rare，Protect vision still need to school、parents、Children joint efforts，“And it's not every day that the 10 minutes of eye exercises can solve”。

-学生反应 -students reaction

　　不清楚有没有起到作用 Don't know if this has a role

　　八一中学初一学生刘宇丹说，学校每天课间放两次眼保健操的音乐，音乐放着做不做就看你的自觉性。刘宇丹说几分钟的眼保健操做下来还是很能缓解眼睛疲劳的，近视600度的她自从二年级戴上眼镜，度数每年都在增长，眼保健操在其中有没有起到作用，她也不知道。

Middle school students in grade seven bayi LiuYuDan said，School every day two eye exercises break put the music，Music put do not do see your consciousness。LiuYuDan said a few minutes to do eye exercises is still can ease down the eye fatigue，Myopia 600 degrees of her since grade two wear glasses，Degree in growth every year，Eye exercises in it have a role，She also don't know。

　　湖北襄阳四十二中学生马文豪告诉记者，他从学前班开始做眼保健操，每天下午第二节下课后，班主任会在教室监督他们，纠正手法错误的学生。问及效果，马文豪说：“因为我都有认真在做，做完眼睛很舒服，在家玩电脑玩久了我偶尔也会按一下眼睛放松。不过我现在还是在戴眼镜，一百多度。”

Hubei xiangyang four ShiErZhong students MaWenHao told reporters，He began to do eye exercises from preschool，Every afternoon after the second period，The teacher in charge in the classroom will monitor them，Correct gimmick wrong students。Asked about effect，MaWenHao said：“Because I have seriously，Finish the eyes is very comfortable，Play at home computers to play long occasionally I will press the eyes relax。But I now or in the glasses，More than one hundred degrees。”

　　记者在采访学生的过程中发现，在做眼保健操之前学生基本上是不洗手的。

The reporter interviewed in the process of the students found，Doing eye exercises is basically don't wash their hands before the students。

　　本版采写本报记者李秋萌实习生王玲本报漫画谢瑶

Benban up to date LiQiuMeng our reporter intern wang ling our newspaper cartoons XieYao