“您愿意在死后捐献您的器官吗？”面对这个直白的问题，随着我国器官捐献工作的初步启动，已经有越来越多人做出了肯定的回答。

“Would you like to after death of your organ donation？”Face the straightforward question，With China's organ donation work preliminary start，More and more people have made sure of the answer。

　　然而，由于缺少系统的器官捐献立法，我国的器官捐献制度仍然极不完善。许多有捐献意愿的人因为程序繁琐、权利得不到保障等种种原因，最终不得不放弃捐献器官的打算。

however，Due to the lack of system organ donation legislation，China's organ donation system still very perfect。Many have the will of the people for donation program trival、Rights lack of protection of a variety of reasons，Eventually had to give up the plan to organ donation。

　　一方面，大量的潜在捐献者找不到便捷合法的捐献途径，放弃捐献；另一方面，众多患者因缺少器官供体，面临失去生命。要解决移植器官来源长期匮乏的问题，制定器官捐献法迫在眉睫。

On the one hand，A large number of potential donor can't find convenient legal donations way，Give up contributions；On the other hand，Many patients because of lack of organ donor，Facing the loss of life。To solve the lack of long-term organ transplant source，Make organ donation law is imminent。

　　严峻现实 Severe reality

　　我国每年等待器官移植的患者超过150万人，但其中只有1万人能够幸运地等到供体，其余99%的患者只能在等待中逐渐绝望

China's annual waiting for organ transplant recipients more than 1.5 million，But it has only 10000 people can be lucky enough to wait until the donor，The remaining 99% of the patients in waiting only gradually despair

　　今年4月10日，安徽省太和县政法委原副书记苗为民不幸因病逝世。按照老人的遗愿，他的眼角膜被捐献出来，用于帮助他人重获光明，他的遗体也将供安徽医科大学教学研究使用。而这，也是老人最后一笔“特殊的党费”。

April 10,，Taihe county in anhui province, the former vice secretary MiaoWeiMin unfortunately legal committee died because of illness。According to the will of the old man，His corneas were donated，Used to help other people regain the light，His body will also for anhui medical university teaching research use。And this，And the old man last pen“Special party dues'”。

　　6月9日，内蒙古自治区赤峰市一对80后夫妻含泪将爱女小“希望”的遗体器官捐献出来，帮助两名分别来自北京、天津的患者延续生命。“与其让孩子最后只剩下一把骨灰，还不如把器官捐献出来，救救别的孩子。”小“希望”的母亲王晓菲说，之所以为女儿取名“希望”，就是想让那些需要救助的孩子们能有活下去的希望。

June 9,，Chifeng city after a pair of 80 couples a tearful girl will be small“hope”The body of the donated organs，Help two were from Beijing、Tianjin patients continue life。“Rather than allow the child last only a the ashes，Not to donate organs，Help other children。”small“hope”Mother WangXiaoFei said，Was named for her daughter“hope”，Just to let those in need of help the kids can have live of hope。

　　然而，这一个个生命延续的感人故事背后，却是我国器官捐献和移植的尴尬现状。来自卫生部的统计数据显示，我国每年等待器官移植的患者超过150万人，但其中只有1万人能够幸运地得到供体，其余99%的患者只能在等待中逐渐绝望。而另据中国红十字会公布的数据，启动人体器官捐献试点工作两年来，全国16个试点省区市共完成器官捐献207例，捐献大器官546个，挽救了500余名患者的生命。

however，This a touching story of the continuation of life behind，It is our country organ donation and transplantation awkward situation。From the ministry of health statistics show，China's annual waiting for organ transplant recipients more than 1.5 million，But it has only 10000 people can be lucky to get donor，The remaining 99% of the patients in waiting only gradually despair。And the other according to the Red Cross society of China published data，Start human organ donation pilot job two years，The national 16 pilot between provincial were done 207 cases of organ donation，Large organs donated 546，Save more than 500 a patient's life。

　　一边是每年150万的患者，另一边却是两年546个器官，器官捐献和移植之间所存在的供需缺口，催生出疯狂的地下器官非法买卖市场，甚至由此产生了更为恶劣的器官产供销链条。今年初，北京市海淀区人民检察院以组织出卖人体器官罪对一犯罪团伙提起公诉。这个由器官贩子、手术医生等16人组成的团伙，在10个月内疯狂摘取51枚肾脏器官，再转售给需要做换肾手术的患者，由此获利1000多万元。从寻找、供养卖肾人员，联络肾脏买家，到承租医院、别墅手术摘肾，整个犯罪流程规模之大、操作之严谨令人瞠目结舌。

Is the side of every year 1.5 million patients，The other side is two years 546 organs，Organ donation and transplantation of the existing gap between supply and demand，Gave birth to the madness of the underground organ illegally trading market，Even produced more extreme organs, supply chain。Earlier this year，Beijing's haidian district people's procuratorate organization in human organs to sell a criminal gang crime prosecution。The organ traffickers、Surgery doctors, 16 of gangs，In 10 months crazy won 51 gold kidney organs，To resale to need to do for kidney surgery patients，Thus a profit of more than 1000 yuan。The search for、Support sell renal personnel，Contact kidney buyers，To the hospital、Villa surgery to pick the kidney，The whole crime flow scale、The strict operation, a staggering。

　　“没有器官捐献，就没有器官移植；没有合法的捐献渠道，非法器官买卖就有了存在的土壤。”中国红十字会常务副会长赵白鸽说，“推进人体器官捐献工作，不仅有助于增加需要进行器官移植患者的生存机会，也有助于抑制和打击违法和不规范的器官移植行为。”

“No organ donation，There is no organ transplants；There is no legal donations channels，Illegal organ trade is the existence of the soil。”The Red Cross society of China vice President, zhao said，“Promote human organ donation work，Not only helps to increase the need to carry out the organ transplant patient's chances of survival，Can also help to limit and crack down on the illegal and non-standard organ transplant behavior。”

　　直面问题 Face problems

　　法律法规匮乏、管理机构缺位、缺乏协调配合机制、医院热情不高、存在“器官买卖”误解、缺乏器官分配与共享体系

Lack of laws and regulations、Management institutions lack、Lack of coordination mechanism、The hospital enthusiasm is not high、exist“Organ trade”misunderstanding、Lack of organ distribution and sharing system

　　为了推动我国器官捐献工作的发展，2010年3月，中国红十字会总会和卫生部在全国10个省市启动了人体器官捐献试点工作。次年7月，参加试点的省区市增加到16个。这些地方的试点工作在取得突破的同时，也发现了不少问题。

In order to promote the development of organ donation，March 2010，The Red Cross society of China and the ministry of health in the country will 10 provinces and cities launched human organ donation of pilot projects。The next year July，To participate in the pilot provincial increased to 16。These places in the pilot work breakthrough at the same time，Also found that many problems。

　　“目前，我国关于器官捐献的法律法规相当匮乏，各地开展工作的主要依据是国务院2007年实施的《人体器官移植条例》。”中国红十字会副会长、中国人体器官捐献办公室主任郝林娜说。但条例的规定十分笼统，比如由卫生部负责全国人体器官移植监督管理工作，各级红十字会依法参与人体器官捐献的宣传等工作，对于最为紧迫和复杂的器官捐献与分配问题，以及建立完整的器官捐献和移植体系等问题，条例并没有进一步的详述。郝林娜表示：“条例对各级红十字会参与器官捐献工作的职责范围、法律授权、法律责任等都缺乏清晰而准确的界定，缺乏可操作性。”

“At present，In China on organ donation the laws and regulations of the relatively scarce，Work all over the state council is the main basis of the implementation of the 2007《The human organ transplant regulations》。”The Red Cross society of China vice President、China human organ donation office director HaoLinNa said。But the provisions of the regulations on very general，Such as by the ministry of public health shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of the human organ transplant，The Red Cross societies at various levels in accordance with the human body organ donation propaganda in work，For the most pressing and complex organ donation and distribution problems，And the establishment of a complete organ donation and transplant system, etc，Regulations and no further details。HaoLinNa said：“The Red Cross societies at various levels regulations in organ donation work responsibilities、Legal authority、Legal liabilities are lack of clear and accurate definition，Lack of maneuverability。”

　　由于缺乏法律法规的保驾护航，实际上，开展器官捐献试点工作的16个省区市除天津外，并没有设置专门、独立的器官捐献办公室，也没有财政专项工作经费的保障。16个试点地区专职从事器官捐献工作的工作人员仅有20余名，专职工作人员的招募、培训、认定、管理、保障和退出机制也都不健全。

Because of the lack of law laws and regulations to escort，In fact，Carry out organ donation of the pilot 16 provinces except the tianjin，And did not install special、Independent organ donation office，No special financial work of the funds of security。16 regions are specialized in the organ donation work staff only of more than 20，Full-time personnel recruitment、training、that、management、Security and withdrawing mechanism are not perfect。

　　此外，器官捐献工作还缺乏一整套协调配合机制，红十字会往往得不到来自其他政府工作部门的大力支持和协助。“比如说，交通事故产生的潜在捐献者器官，如果没有公安交警部门的通力配合，就很难获取。捐献者的丧葬优惠也需要获得民政部门的支持。”中国人体器官捐献办公室副主任王平说。

In addition，Organ donation work coordination mechanism is lack of a set，The Red Cross can not work from other government support from departments and assistance。“For example，Traffic accidents arise potential donor organs，If there is no public security traffic police department to cooperate，It is hard to get。The donor's funeral incentives also need to get the support of the civil affairs department。”China human organ donation of vice director of office of WangPingShui。

　　同样，作为发现潜在捐献者最重要渠道的医院，对器官捐献工作也显得顾虑重重。“由于基层医疗机构参与器官捐献工作缺乏政策支撑和资金保证，在现阶段医患矛盾紧张的大环境下，医院往往认为多一事不如少一事，因此参与此项工作的热情普遍不高。” 深圳市人体器官捐献办公室协调员彭宣祥说，许多医院和医生没有按照卫生部“中国心脏死亡器官捐献分类标准”来判定死亡，不愿开展器官捐献工作，也不愿意将潜在捐献者的信息及时上报。

The same，As the most important potential donor found the channel of the hospital，For organ donation work also appears concerns of crossing。“Because of the medical institutions involved in organ donation work lack of policy support and financial guarantees，At present the doctor-patient conflicts tension of the environment，The hospital tend to think more about than the less，So involved with the work enthusiasm generally is not high。” Shenzhen human organ donation office coordinator PengXuanXiang said，Many hospitals and doctors are not according to the health ministry“China cardiac death organ donation classification standards”Death to determine，Unwilling to carry out organ donation work，Also not willing to put potential donor information report in time。

　　“红十字会曾经对完成捐献的200个案例进行过分析，发现其中90%以上的捐献者家庭比较贫困。如何对器官捐献志愿者进行人道救助，也是一个亟待解决的现实问题。”王平表示，在器官捐献协调过程中，以何种方式、何种标准对贫困捐献者家庭进行救助，如何规避由此引发的“器官买卖”的误解等问题，还需要进行更加深入和严谨的调查研究。

“The Red Cross had to finish the 200 case contributions for analysis，Found that 90% of them above the donor family is poor。How to organ donation volunteers to do humanitarian aid，Also a realistic problem to be solved。”Wang ping said，In the process of organ donation coordination，In what way、What kind of standard of poor households aid donors，How to avoid the initiated“Organ trade”Misunderstandings，We also need to make a deeper and more rigorous research study。

　　针对我国目前还没有建立全国统一的、公平公正的器官分配与共享体系的问题，王平表示：“在公众对器官捐献工作缺乏了解，甚至怀有误解的情况下，根据接受者健康状况和等候时间、匹配程度、年龄、地域等综合因素，通过计算机分配系统进行自动配型显得尤为重要。”

According to our country does not have a national unified、A fair distribution of organs and sharing of the system，Wang ping said：“In public to the organ donation work lack of understanding，Even have misunderstandings，According to the receiver health condition and wait for the time、Matching degree、age、Regional comprehensive factors，Through the computer distribution system for automatic heart patient is particularly important。”

　　立法建议 Legislative Suggestions

　　明确职能、建立专职机构、建立规范高效的器官捐献操作体系、解决经济补偿问题、规定器官分配的基本原则和基本办法

functional、Set up special organizations、To establish a standardized efficient organ donation operating system、Solve economic compensation、Provisions of the basic principles and organ distribution basic measures

　　人体器官捐献在我国还是一个十分敏感的领域，不仅涉及医疗技术、捐献者和接收者的权利与义务，还涉及社会、法律、伦理等许多问题，因此，器官捐献法的立法进程对这项工作的开展显得尤为重要。

Human organ donation in our country is a very sensitive areas，Not only deal with medical technology、The donor and the receiver's rights and obligations，And in the social、law、Ethics and many other problems，so，Organ donation law legislation to the work's development process is particularly important。

　　“在《人体器官移植条例》中，与器官捐献有关的内容太少，应该扩充这一部分或者单独立法，明确各级红十字会承担宣传动员、报名登记、捐献见证、缅怀纪念、救助激励等相关职能。”赵白鸽建议，在立法中，应当规定国家和省级人体器官捐献机构，为这项事业的发展提供机构、人员、资金的保障。

“in《The human organ transplant regulations》in，And organ donation related content too little，Should this part of expansion or separate legislation，The Red Cross societies at various levels clear for publicity mobilization、register、Contributions witness、Memorial to honor the、Salvage incentive and related functions。”Zhao Suggestions，In the legislation，Shall stipulate the national and provincial human organ donation institutions，For the development of the cause of the providers、personnel、Funds guarantee。

　　“规范高效的器官捐献操作体系，以及一整套的协调配合机制，对于器官捐献工作来说，都是必不可少的内容。”彭宣祥建议，在医疗机构中，应建立潜在捐献者信息上报制度，及时掌握潜在的捐献者信息。

“Standard high-effect of organ donation operating system，And a set of coordination mechanism，For organ donation for work，Are all indispensable content。”PengXuanXiang Suggestions，In the medical institutions，Should establish a potential donor information reporting system，To grasp the potential donor information。

　　尽管器官捐献是无偿的，但对捐献者家庭进行适当补偿是必要的。“如果不把对捐献者家属给予经济补偿的问题从法律、伦理上探讨清楚，器官捐献工作的开展将变得十分困难。”郝林娜说。

Although organ donation is free，But for donors families appropriate compensation is necessary。“If not for donors to give the family economic compensation from the law、Ethical discusses clear，Organ donation activities will become very difficult。”HaoLinNa said。

　　建立全国统一的、公平公正的器官分配与共享体系，是器官捐献事业健康发展的保障。“随着器官捐献试点工作的持续深入开展，将会有越来越多的人愿意捐献器官。如何公平、公正地分配这些捐献的器官，既关系到捐献器官的使用效率，更关系到公众对器官捐献工作的信任与信心。”王平建议，法律法规应该规定器官分配的基本原则和基本办法，通过科学合理的分配，促进人体器官捐献和移植，以挽救更多人的生命。

A national unified、A fair distribution of organs and sharing system，Organ donation is their healthy development of protection。“Along with the organ donation pilot work to continue the thorough development，There will be more and more people are willing to donate organs。How fair、Fair allocation of these donations of organs，Is related to the effective use of the donor，More related to the public for organ donation work of trust and confidence。”Wang ping Suggestions，Laws and regulations should be the basic principle of distribution regulation organs and basic methods，Through the scientific and reasonable distribution，Promote human organ donation and transplantation，To save more people's life。

　　“两年的试点证明，目前在全国范围内推广人体器官捐献的时机尚不成熟。我们还需要进一步总结经验，通过建立健全法律法规、完善组织机构和人员配备、理顺工作流程，研究制定更加科学、合理的操作办法，为下一步开展器官捐献工作积累更多经验。”郝林娜说。 (彭 波 徐 隽)

“Two years of pilot certificate，At present in the nationwide scale human organ donation time is not mature。We also need to be further to sum up experience，Through the set up and perfect the laws and regulations、Perfect organization and personnel、The straightening out of the working process，Study and establish more science、A reasonable operation method，For the next step in organ donation work has accumulated more experience。”HaoLinNa said。 (Peng wave xu experience)