喝酒脸红者要少喝 The drink less alcohol blush with shame

　　脸红“罪魁祸首”是乙醛 Blush with shame“The culprit”Acetaldehyde is

　受访专家：北京地坛医院肝病中心主任医师 谢雯 Experts questioned：Beijing ditan hospital liver disease, director of the center XieWen physicians

　　有些人喝点酒就脸红，有些人喝酒时脸越来越白。同样喝酒，为什么有人变“关公”，有人像“曹操”呢？地坛医院肝病中心主任医师谢雯说，喝酒容易脸红，是因为这个人的身体能高效地分解乙醇也就是酒精，却无法高效分解乙醛，导致乙醛在体内的含量逐渐升高；喝酒脸白的人，体内乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶两种酶都比较丰富，能快速将乙醛分解为乙酸，进而分解为二氧化碳及水。因此，喝酒脸红的罪魁祸首是乙醛。由于乙醛的毒性远远大于各种酒类中所含有的酒精，因此，饮酒后容易脸红的人，更容易被酒精所伤害，所以更要少喝酒。

Some people drink wine is red face，Some people drink face more and more white。The same drink，Why people become“The duke guan”，Someone like“Cao cao”?？Ditan hospital liver disease, director of the center XieWen doctors said，Drink easy to blush with shame，Because the human body to effectively decomposition ethanol is alcohol，But can't efficient decomposition acetaldehyde，Acetaldehyde in the body to content is increasing gradually；Drink white people face，The body ethanol dehydrogenase and aldehye dehydrogenase two enzymes are rich，Can quickly into acetaldehyde acetic acid，Thereby decomposition for carbon dioxide and water。so，Drinking red face culprit is acetaldehyde。Because of the toxic acetaldehyde is far greater than all kinds of wine is contained in alcohol，so，After drinking to blush with shame of the people，More likely to be hurt by alcohol，So less drinking。

　　酒后酒精会抵达 Drunk alcohol will arrive

　　全身各个器官 Systemic each organ

　　谢雯说，白酒、红酒、啤酒中均含有酒精，也就是乙醇，这是一种不需要消化即可吸收的物质。乙醇顺着食道进入胃部，在这里消化掉一小部分后，进入肠道，基本上所有的乙醇都会被人体吸收。被吸收的乙醇进入血液循环，随着我们汗液、尿液还有呼吸道排出10%，剩下的就靠肝脏分解了。谢雯解释说，乙醇会像水一样被分配到身体的各个组织器官，所以随着体内酒精在血液里的浓度升高，会影响到其它器官和大脑，长期大量饮酒后有些人会出现手抖、记忆力减退、反应迟钝，俗称为“酒麻木”。

XieWen said，liquor、Red wine、All contains the alcohol in beer，Also is ethanol，This is a kind of do not need to digest the material can be absorbed。Ethanol down into the stomach esophagus，Digest here after a small part，Into my intestines，Almost all the ethanol will be absorbed by human body。Be absorbed ethanol into the circulation of the blood，As we sweat、Urine and respiratory eduction 10%，The rest of the depends on the liver decompose。XieWen explained，Ethanol will like water was assigned to each tissue organ of the body，So as the alcohol in the blood in the body of the increased concentration，Will affect other organs and the brain，After drinking a large amount for a long time, some people will be shaking hands、Memory loss、Slow to respond to，Commonly referred to as“Wine numb”。

　　解酒要靠两种酶 Did want to rely on two enzymes

　　人体内有两种酶，一种叫做乙醇脱氢酶，另一种叫做乙醛脱氢酶，两种酶共同作用，帮助解酒。酒精，主要在肝脏中的乙醇脱氢酶的作用下，从乙醇分解为乙醛，乙醛积聚将刺激肥大细胞释放血管活性物质引起血管舒张而导致出汗、发音困难、恶心和心动过速等，毛细血管末梢扩张，人就开始出现脸红现象。而乙醛在肝脏中的乙醛脱氢酶的作用下，将乙醛分解为乙酸，而乙酸最终分解为二氧化碳和水，被排出体外，随着乙醛被分解，乙醛导致的脸红会慢慢淡去。

The human body with two enzymes，A called alcohol dehydrogenase，Another is called aldehye dehydrogenase，Two enzymes work together，Did help。alcohol，The main in the liver of the alcohol dehydrogenase role，From ethanol into acetaldehyde，Acetaldehyde accumulation will boost the mast cells release vascular active substances cause vasodilation and lead to perspire、Pronunciation difficulties、Nausea and tachycardia, etc，Capillary peripheral expansion，People began to appear red face phenomenon。And in the liver acetaldehyde under the action of aldehye dehydrogenase，Will into acetaldehyde acetic acid，And acetic acid eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water，Was eliminated from the body，As the acetaldehyde break down，Acetaldehyde in blush with shame will fade away。

　喝酒脸红更要少喝酒 Drink less alcohol blush

　　喝酒容易脸红，是因为这个人的身体能高效地分解乙醇，却无法高效分解乙醛，导致乙醛在体内的含量逐渐升高；喝酒脸白的人，是乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶两种酶都比较丰富，能快速将乙醛分解为乙酸，进而分解为二氧化碳及水。

Drink easy to blush with shame，Because the human body to effectively decomposition ethanol，But can't efficient decomposition acetaldehyde，Acetaldehyde in the body to content is increasing gradually；Drink white people face，Is ethanol dehydrogenase and aldehye dehydrogenase two enzymes are rich，Can quickly into acetaldehyde acetic acid，Thereby decomposition for carbon dioxide and water。

　　乙醇代谢中间产物乙醛的化学反应性和药理毒性均较乙醇更强，不仅能损伤线粒体，而且能抑制肝细胞内谷胱甘肽的合成，使肝细胞清除自由基的能力减弱，导致肝细胞损伤。

Ethanol metabolic acetaldehyde chemistry property and pharmacological toxic than that of ethanol more strong，Not only can damage the mitochondria，The liver cells and glutathione synthesis，Liver cells decreased ability of free radicals，Cause liver cell damage。

　　“喝酒脸红的罪魁祸首，正是乙醛。”谢雯说，由于乙醛的毒性远远大于乙醇，因此，饮酒后易脸红的人，可能更容易为酒精所伤害，应该更少的喝酒。(记者 贾晓宏)

“Drink with the culprit，It is the acetaldehyde。”XieWen said，Because of the toxic acetaldehyde is far greater than ethanol，so，After drinking to blush with shame of the people，May be more likely to hurt for alcohol，Should be less drinking。(Reporter JiaXiaoHong)

　国人有“喝酒不伤肝”的基因吗？ Americans have“Drink not to hurt liver”Genes?？

　　人们早就发现，给不同的个体相同剂量的酒精时，其对酒精的清除率有2至3倍的差异，因此推测这种差异与遗传因素有关，但苦于找不到相关证据。随着人类基因组学研究的进展，种族、遗传以及个体差异成为目前酒精性肝病的研究热点。

People have found，To different individuals the same doses of alcohol，The alcohol clearance has 2 to 3 times of the differences，So presumably the differences and genetic factors，But it can't find relevant evidence。With the progress of the study of the human genome，race、Genetic and individual differences become the research focus of alcoholic liver disease。

　　我国人群中不同酒精代谢酶等位基因频率及基因型分布不同于西方国家，ALDH2*1/*1基因型是酒精性肝病患病的危险因子，ALDH2*2/*2基因型是酒精性肝病发病的保护因子，除此以外，现在已知的细胞色素P4502E1 也是酒精性肝病的易感基因，目前已被广泛研究。

Our country crowd in different alcohol metabolic enzymes allele frequency and genotype distribution is different from western countries，ALDH2 * 1 / * 1 genotype is alcoholic liver disease of disease risk factors，ALDH2 * 2 / * 2 gene type of alcoholic liver disease is the protection factor，In addition，Now the pigment cells known P4502E1 is also alcoholic liver disease susceptibility genes，At present has been widely studied。

　　研究显示，不同种族之间ALDH2等位基因的频率存在明显差异，ALDH2*2/*2等位基因在高加索人、美国黑人、欧洲人和大部分的美国北部印第安人中几乎缺乏，却存在于大约50%的中国人和日本人中及40%的美国南部印第安人中，使得这部分人群的乙醛能在乙醛脱氢酶的作用下迅速转化为乙酸，再转化为二氧化碳及水，而被排出体外，从而使得饮入的白酒迅速被代谢，而减少了酒精性肝病的发生。这可能是中国嗜酒人群酒精性肝病的发病率低于西方国家的原因之一。

Research shows that，Between the different RACES ALDH2 allele frequency differences，ALDH2 * 2 / * 2 alleles in Caucasian、Black people in the United States、Europe and North America that most of the Indian people lack almost，But exist in about 50% of the Chinese and Japanese people and 40% of the American south Indian people，Make this part of the crowd acetaldehyde in aldehye dehydrogenase under the effect of rapid into acetic acid，Again into carbon dioxide and water，And be eliminated from the body，Making the liquor were quickly drink metabolism，And reduce the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease。This may be China people drinking alcoholic liver disease incidence is one of the reasons for lower than in the western countries。

　　换言之，如果您体内存在ALDH2*2/*2基因型，多喝点酒，您也可以飘飘欲仙，而没有患上酒精性肝病的风险！但是，目前此检测应用于临床还有一段时间，想喝酒又不想得酒精性肝病的人们还得翘首以待。

In other words，If you exist in the body ALDH2 * 2 / * 2 genotype，Drink wine，You can also bloomed，And had not developed alcoholic liver disease risk！but，At present the application in clinical and a period of time，Want to drink and don't want to have to the people of the alcoholic liver disease have perked up。