近年来，有网文屡屡宣称，小龙虾喜欢脏污环境、被用来清污、体内重金属超标，不能食用。那么，小龙虾是不是在越脏的水里长得越肥？小龙虾适合食用吗？带着疑问，本报“求证”栏目记者奔赴小龙虾主要养殖基地江苏省淮安市盱眙县、湖北省潜江市调查，并采访有关部门和专家。

In recent years，Have WangWen often claimed，Small lobster like smudgy environment、Is used to rack cleaner、The body of heavy metal exceeds bid，Can't be eaten。so，Small lobster is in the dirty water for more fat？Small lobster suitable for edible？With doubt，This newspaper“verification”Column reporters to small lobster main breeding base on XuYiXian in jiangsu province、Hubei province QianJiangShi survey，And interview with the relevant departments and experts。

　　疑问一：小龙虾喜欢脏污环境吗？ Doubt a：Small lobster like smudgy environment？

　　【调查】 脏污环境下生命活力差，难繁殖 【survey】 Under the environment of dirt poor life energy，Difficult breeding

　　不少网友认为，小龙虾经常在污水沟被发现，这是否说明小龙虾喜好栖息在脏污环境中。事实是否如此？

Not a few net friend think，Small lobster often in sewage was found，Does it mean the crawfish preferences perches in the dirt in the environment。The fact is whether such？

　　江苏省淡水水产研究所养殖室主任唐建清告诉记者，他们所做的实验显示，在小龙虾面前放置腐蚀性食物及新鲜食物，小龙虾选择腐蚀性食物与新鲜食物的比例为1∶10。

Jiangsu province freshwater fisheries research institute breeding TangJianQing ministy told reporters，Their research shows，In the small lobster placed before the food and the corrosive fresh food，Small lobster choose corrosive food and fresh food ratio for 1:10。

　　南京大学生命科学院副教授黄成给记者演示了一个“迷宫实验”：将一个2米长的Y形水槽加满清水，水槽左前端放置一块沾满氯化铵(脏水中常见物质)溶液的海绵，右前端放置一块沾满清水的海绵。随后他将一只小龙虾放在水槽后端，当虾沿着水槽爬至前方路径交界处时，经左右试探，最终选择爬往右端的清水水槽。

Nanjing university, an associate professor at the college of life science HuangCheng give reporters demonstrates a“Maze experiment”：Will a 2 meters long Y form with the manchu water tank，Cistern left front place a with ammonium chloride(Dirty water common material)Solution of the sponge，The right front place a with clear water sponge。Then he will be a small lobster on the sink，When shrimp along the path to sink climb ahead when junction，About the test，Choose the right end up water tank。

　　“以‘污水沟里一捞就捞到，清水里捞不着’来判定小龙虾喜欢栖息在肮脏环境里，是不科学的。”黄成说，清水里生长的小龙虾活力强，没工具很难捕捉，而污染环境下的小龙虾生命活力很差，难繁殖。

“to‘Sewage ditch a get out of it，The water out of reach’To determine the small lobster like perched on dirty environment，Is not scientific。”Huang Lin，The growth of clean water small lobster strong vitality，No tools difficult to catch，And pollution environment of small lobster life vitality is poor，Difficult breeding。

　　湖北省水产科学研究所高级工程师舒新亚认为，由于小龙虾耐受性较强，能在污水中生存，但小龙虾生长过程中要脱七八次壳，环境不好小龙虾就不脱壳，长不好。很多养殖户以前不注意水环境，用浅水、脏水养，小龙虾产量很低；后来注意用深水、好水养，产量就增加了。

Hubei province, senior engineer fishery science ShuXinYa think，Because small lobster tolerance is stronger，Can survive in sewage，But small lobster growing process will take off seven eight shell，The environment is bad small lobster is not shell，Long bad。Many farmers didn't pay attention to water environment，In shallow water、Dirty water raise，Small lobster yield is very low；Later with deep attention、Good water raise，Yield increases。

　　市面上卖的小龙虾会不会是排水沟的虾呢？江苏省盱眙县淮河北路一家水产批发市场的水产商贩告诉记者：“小龙虾是夜里捕白天收，活虾打包加冰发往各地，有的物流要走三四天。地沟虾闷一天就死，批发商谁敢贩卖？”

Sell on the market of crayfish will be a drain shrimp？Jiangsu province huai river north road XuYiXian aquatic wholesale market a aquatic vendors told reporters：“Small lobster is catching the night during the day，Live shrimp pack ice, sent to all over the country，Some logistics to go 3 or 4-day。Trench shrimp day stuffy dead，Wholesalers who dare to sell？”

　　江苏省疾控中心食品安全与评价所主任医师袁宝君表示，小龙虾养殖需要保持水体相对稳定，pH值在6.5—8之间，水体如严重污染会影响小龙虾生长，传言称小龙虾可用于水体清洁、清除腐化物质等，是不成立的。

Jiangsu province by the centers for disease control food security and evaluation of doctor of YuanBaoJun said，Small lobster breeding need to keep water relatively stable，PH 6.5, 8 in between，Water such as serious pollution can affect small lobster growth，Rumors crayfish can be used for water clean、Remove corruption material, etc，Was not set up the。

　　疑问二：小龙虾体内重金属超标吗？ Doubt 2：Small lobster heavy metal exceeds bid in the body？

　　【调查】 在重金属超标时无法脱壳成活 【survey】 In heavy metal exceeds bid shell when cannot survive

　　“其实，小龙虾对重金属十分敏感，在重金属超标的水体，小龙虾无法成功脱壳、无法成活。重金属具有可积累性，自然界中食物链越高端的生物对重金属的积累越多。小龙虾以水草等原初生物为食，处于食物链的底端，对重金属的积累低，正常养殖下，重金属残留不会超标。”舒新亚对记者说。

“In fact，Small lobster is very sensitive to heavy metal，Heavy metal exceeds bid in the water，Small lobster shell can not succeed、Cannot survive。Heavy metal is accumulating，The nature of the food chain of heavy metals to high-end biological accumulated more。Small lobster to grasses, original biological for food，In the bottom of the food chain，The accumulation of heavy metals to low，Under normal breeding，Heavy metal residues will not exceed bid。”ShuXinYa told reporters。

　　江苏省海洋渔业局相关负责人介绍，一般生物吸附重金属的能力很低；对于重金属在体内的积累，小龙虾和大多数生物差异不大。

Jiangsu Marine fisheries bureau relevant controller introduces，Biological adsorption ability of general heavy metal is very low；For the accumulation of heavy metal in the body，Small lobster and most biological differences is not big。

　　“去年我们抽取了200多批次的小龙虾样本，在连云港、无锡、省级、国家级的检测机构进行异地检测全合格。今年计划抽检700批。”盱眙县水产技术指导站副站长孙骥告诉记者。

“Last year we used more than 200 batches of the small lobster samples，In lianyungang、wuxi、provincial、National testing institutions for the different ground testing all qualified。Plans this year of 700 sampling inspection。”XuYiXian aquatic product technology ZhiDaoZhan vice standing 长孙骥 told reporters。

　　记者翻看连云港市水产品质量检测中心最近出具的几十份盱眙龙虾检验报告显示，从不同养殖点抽取的小龙虾，依据农办质[2012]8号文检测无机砷、甲基汞、氯霉素、孔雀石绿、土霉素、金霉素和硝基呋喃类代谢物等14项指标；同时，依据《无公害食品淡水养殖产地环境条件》，对养殖水体的色臭味、总大肠菌群、甲基对硫磷、乌拉硫磷、铅、铬、汞、硫化物等13项指标进行底质检测和水质检测，结果显示，指标全都合格。

Reporter flipping through the lianyungang city aquatic products quality test center issued by the recent decades of inspection report aimprovement lobster，From different point of small lobster from breeding，According to NongBan quality [2012] no. 8 wen detection inorganic arsenic、Methyl mercury、chloramphenicol、Malachite green、was、Aureomycin and the nitro furan kind of metabolites, 14 indicators；At the same time，According to《The pollution-free food freshwater fish producing environmental conditions》，The color of aquaculture stink、Total coliform group、Methyl three、Hooray sulphur phosphorous、lead、chromium、mercury、13 indicators for sulfide sediment detection and water quality inspection，The results show，Index all qualified。

　　疑问三：小龙虾被用于污水处理吗？ Question three：Small lobster is used for sewage treatment？

　　【调查】 日本及国内未发现用小龙虾清污 【survey】 Japan and domestic not found in using small lobster rack cleaner

　　网文称，小龙虾最初是从日本带进来用于清污的，而且天津创业环保股份有限公司就用小龙虾吸附污水中的重金属。

WangWen says，Small lobster first brought in from Japan for the rack cleaner，And tianjin venture environmental protection Co., LTD with small lobster adsorption sewage of heavy metals。

　　舒新亚介绍说，小龙虾的中文学名叫克氏原螯虾，原产于美国路易斯安那州；1918年引入日本；上世纪30年代由日本生物爱好者带入中国。小龙虾先在南京自然繁殖扩展，1974年进入湖北，目前我国除青藏高原外都有分布，主产区为长江中下游地区和淮河流域。

ShuXinYa introduced said，Small lobster in literature of named redswamp crayfish，Originating in Louisiana；Introduced to Japan in 1918；The 1930 s by the Japanese biological lovers into China。Small lobster first extended natural reproduction in nanjing，1974 the hubei province，At present our country except the qinghai-tibet plateau outside the distribution，For the production of the Yangtze river and the huaihe river basin。

　　日本大学生物资源科学部生物环境工学科副教授笹田胜宽告诉本报驻日本记者，从未听说用小龙虾净化污水一事，因为小龙虾需要在有土的水田和沟渠中挖洞筑巢，而储存城市污水的设备都是水泥和钢筋，根本不适合小龙虾生存。

Japan university biological resources biological environment, an associate professor at work discipline head 笹 TianSheng wide told the reporters in Japan，Never heard about with small lobster sewage treatment，Because small lobster need in the paddy fields and have soil from the ditch dug hole nesting，And storage devices are urban sewage of cement and steel，Not suitable for small lobster survival。

　　天津创业环保股份有限公司总工程师邓彪表示，没听说有污水厂用小龙虾来处理重金属，创业环保公司管理的污水处理厂也从没有使用小龙虾吸附污水中的重金属。“一吨污水处理后的合格标准，国家有明确规定，计量单位非常精确。污水厂的污水处理技术是综合使用生物、化学措施去除污水中所含的有机物，其中的生物措施一般是使用生物化学制剂除臭、去污、杀菌。”

Tianjin venture environmental protection Co., LTD chief engineer DengBiao said，Hadn't heard a wastewater treatment plant with small lobster to deal with heavy metal，Venture environmental protection management of the company from sewage treatment plant also not use small lobster adsorption sewage of heavy metals。“A ton of sewage treatment of qualified standard，Countries have specific provision，Measurement unit very precise。Of wastewater treatment plant of wastewater treatment technology is comprehensive use of、Chemical measures contained in the sewage removal of organic matter，One of the biological measures are generally use of chemical preparation deodorant、decontamination、sterilization。”

　　疑问四：外国人不吃小龙虾吗？ Question four：Foreigners don't eat small lobster？

　　【调查】国外已有200余年的食用历史 【survey】Foreign edible history of over 200 years

　　据介绍，小龙虾在一些国家已有200余年的食用历史。近年来，我国每年都会出口小龙虾。2011年，湖北出口小龙虾8686吨，江苏出口2457吨。

According to introducing，Small lobster in some countries edible history of over 200 years。In recent years，Every year in our country export crawfish。2011 years，Hubei export small lobster 8686 tons，Jiangsu export 2457 tons。

　　出口的小龙虾食品以熟食为主，如虾仁、茴香整肢虾、辣粉虾，主要销往丹麦、瑞典、西班牙、英国、法国、美国、加拿大等国，欧洲市场上90%的小龙虾来自中国。

Export of the small lobster cooked food to give priority to，Such as shrimp、Fennel whole limb shrimp、Hot pink shrimp，Mainly sold to Denmark、Sweden、Spain、British、France、The United States、Countries such as Canada，The European market 90% of small lobster from China。

　　潜江市华山水产食品有限公司和莱克水产食品有限公司分别获得了对美、欧、日、韩等国外市场的水产品自营出口权，产品通过了HACCP国际质量监控体系认证、美国食品药品管理局许可、欧盟卫生注册、英国零售商协会认证，小龙虾产品可直接进入欧美超市。

QianJiangShi huashan aquatic food Co., LTD and lake aquatic products Co., LTD. Won respectively for beauty、the、th、Korea and other foreign markets export right of aquatic products，The product through the HACCP international quality control system authentication、The U.S. food and drug administration approval、The European Union health registration、The BRC certification，Crawfish products can be directly to enter the European and American supermarkets。

　　华山水产公司每年还处理废虾壳10万吨，生产的甲壳素用于食品加工领域，主要是制作保健品。针对传言所称用甲壳素去污，华山水产副总经理漆良斌表示，甲壳素的制作工艺复杂，加工成本高，不可能用来处理污水。

The company also handles every year huashan aquatic products 100000 tons of waste shrimp shells，The production of chitin used in food processing field，Main is making health care products。Rumors have said for with chitosan decontamination，Mountain QiLiangBin aquatic deputy general manager said，Chitin production process complex，Processing cost high，Don't can be used for the treatment of wastewater。

　　莱克公司90%的产品出口欧盟和美国。莱克公司相关负责人修齐表示，截至目前，产品在美国、欧盟等地的检验合格率、通关率始终为100%。

90% of the product export lake the European Union and the United States。Lake the relevant person in charge of the company's said，So far，Products in the United States、The European Union and inspection qualified rate、Customs clearance rate always is 100%。

　　湖北出入境检验检疫局食检处处长王华全介绍，2011年，该局共抽检小龙虾11952吨，主要出口到欧盟、美国，检测项目包括微生物、重金属残留、兽药残留等，批次检测合格率为99.8%以上。2011年没有任何国家对湖北出口小龙虾的质量提出通报。(本报记者沈小根、王梦纯、李浩燃、姚雪青、田豆豆、王君平、靳博，本报驻日本记者刘军国)

Hubei entry and exit inspection and quarantine for long WangHuaQuan introduce food everywhere，2011 years，The sampling inspection of small lobster 11952 tons，Main exports to the European Union、The United States，The test items include organisms、Heavy metal residues、Veterinary drug residue, etc，Batch testing percent of pass is 99.8% above。2011 years without any country of hubei province to the quality of the export crayfish report put forward。(Our correspondent ShenXiaoGen、WangMengChun、LiHao burning、YaoXueQing、TianDouDou、WangJunPing、JinBo，Our newspaper reporter LiuJunGuo in Japan)

　　记者暗访 Reporter investigations

　　小龙虾的生长环境究竟是怎样的？ Small lobster growing environmental what is it actually？

　　记者以项目考察的名义来到拥有7000亩标准化水产养殖基地的盱眙县满江红龙虾产业园，进行调查暗访。从1984年就开始水产养殖的于维祥承包了七八十亩塘口，每年亩产300公斤龙虾，每亩获利4000元。老于对记者说，水质关系到龙虾的成活，“水太脏，天一热，虾就全死了，那得亏多少？”为此，龙虾塘口进排水口得分开，而且，为模仿原生态的环境，塘里种植了水花生、芦苇、易乐藻，龙虾主要以水草和投放的玉米、麦麸为食。

Reporter by the name of investigation project came to have 7000 mu standardized aquaculture base of the XuYiXian ManJiangGong lobster industrial park，Investigate publicly and privately。From 1984 to aquaculture YuWeiXiang contracted for over mu tong mouth，Each year 300 kg per lobster，A profit of 4000 yuan per hectare。Old to say to the reporter，Water quality related to the survival of the lobster，“Water is too dirty，As soon as hot，Shrimp is all dead，The DeKui how many？”For this，HaTang dragon mouth to drain into separate，and，To imitate the original ecological environment，The pond ShuiHuaSheng planted、reed、Easy music algae，Lobster mainly aquatic plants and throw in the corn、Wheat bran for food。

　　“这里的龙虾养殖，从池塘清理、水草种植、虾苗放养到饲料投喂、水质管理、鱼药使用，都有明确标准。”满江红产业园工作人员于宏伟介绍，“每个环节的信息都输入电脑，最后产出时，产品包装上会贴一个条形码，购买的人登录江苏省水产品质量安全网就可查到该产品养殖的具体信息。”

“Here the lobster breeding，Clean out of the pond、Aquatic plants grow、Housed shrimp to feed feed、Water quality management、Fish drug use，To have specific standards。”ManJiangGong industrial park staff YuHongWei introduced，“Each link of information into the computer，When the last output，Product packaging can stick a bar code，Purchase of people logged on to jiangsu province quality security network can check aquatic products to the product of breeding specific information。”

　　与产业园人工营造的塘口不同，盱眙县鲍集桥口码头私人养殖户冯继科承包的300亩水塘，由洪泽湖自然滩涂圈建而成，并将龙虾、螃蟹、鲢鱼、螺丝等混养。冯继科对不期到访的记者说：“鲢鱼吃肥水，螺丝净化水质，加上种的水花生、水韭菜，可以保证水质，也能创造良好的生态链。”“pH值我们自己会定期检测，上级单位也会过来不定期抽查。”冯继科一家住在养殖塘口旁边，平时都是吃自种蔬菜和塘里的鱼虾。

And the industrial park of different artificial build mouth pond，XuYiXian bao set bridge pier private farmers FengJiKe mouth contracting of 300 mu pool，The hongze lake beach circle built by natural and into，And lobster、crab、Silver carp、Screw collection etc。FengJiKe to visiting reporters period：“Silver carp have water，Screw purifying water quality，And the kind of ShuiHuaSheng、Water leek，Can be assured that the water，Also can create good iec。”“PH value we will periodically，Higher level units will also come to spot check regularly。”FengJiKe family lived in breeding pond beside the mouth，At ordinary times is the kind of vegetables and eat the fish pond。

　　据了解，江苏小龙虾以池塘养殖模式为主，7月—9月为上市季节。2011年，江苏小龙虾养殖面积102万亩，产量8.6万吨，产值29.4亿元。湖北小龙虾以稻田养殖为主，2012年养殖面积420多万亩；产量30多万吨，占全国一半以上。

According to understand，Jiangsu small lobster breeding modes are mainly in the pond，July-September for listed season。2011 years，Jiangsu crayfish breeding area of 1.02 million mu，86000 tons of yield，The value of 2.94 billion yuan。Hubei crawfish with rice paddy primarily，2012 breeding area of more than 420 acres；Yield more than 30 ten thousand tons，More than half of the national。

　　在湖北，记者通过调查了解到，当地小龙虾以稻田养殖为主，4月—7月为上市季节。7月17日，记者以大学生暑期社会实践的名义向潜江市龙虾养殖协会会长姜友余了解情况。据他介绍，潜江小龙虾主要是虾稻连作模式，一季小龙虾、一季水稻。稻子收割完以后从9月份开始投虾苗，4月份龙虾上市后开始种中稻。小龙虾吃菜饼、麦麸，投资少，风险小，经济效益高。

In hubei，Reporters through the investigation understands，Small local lobster with rice paddy primarily，April-July for listed season。July 17,，Reporter by college students in the name of the summer social practice to QianJiangShi lobster breeding, chairman of the association of more than JiangYou know the situation。According to he introduced，Qianjiang small lobster is mainly shrimp rice continuous mode，One season small lobster、One season rice。Rice harvest from September after shrimp began to invest，In April after a lobster listed start middle-season rice。CaiBing eat small lobster、Wheat bran，Less investment，Small risk，High economic benefit。

　　除了虾稻连作模式，虾稻共生模式也已在潜江推广，稻田旁边有一圈围沟，水稻和龙虾可以共生。记者在一处靠近湖泊的大片稻田观察，附近没有工厂，也没有其他污染源，水质良好。

In addition to shrimp rice continuous mode，Shrimp rice symbiotic model also has set up a file in the qianjiang promotion，Next to the rice fields in a ring around the ditch，Rice and lobster can symbiosis。Reporter in one place near the lake's large paddy field observation，No nearby factory，No other pollution sources，Good water quality。

　　规模化养殖操作规范，农民散养的小龙虾如何呢？17日下午，记者行车途中，向路边偶遇的潜江市积玉口镇古城村村民小黑了解情况。据他介绍，他在借梁湖周边承包了8亩田，都是采取虾稻连作方式。小龙虾销售由合作社统一上门收购，农民不需要太操心价格问题，小龙虾养殖协会也会定期来检查水质。

Mass breeding operation norm，The small lobster s scatter farmers how？17 afternoon，Reporters on driving，The road to the QianJiangShi encounter in the little black jade mouth gucheng village villagers know the situation。According to he introduced，He borrow LiangHu in eight acres surrounding contracting field，It is to adopt the shrimp rice continuous way。Small lobster sales by the unified cooperatives purchase，Farmers don't need less worry about the question of price，Small lobster breeding association also regularly to check the water quality。

　　见到小黑时，他正给水稻喷洒农药。记者询问农药是否会进入小龙虾体内形成残留？小黑说他使用的是无公害农药，比普通农药贵，并向记者展示了背后的农药箱，说一箱得卖30多元。据他说，当地并没有强制性的措施，但农民自己有这个意识。

See when the little black，He is sprayed pesticide to rice。Reporters asked about whether pesticides into the small lobster body form residue？The little black said he is using biorational pesticide，Than ordinary pesticide expensive，And to show the reporter behind the pesticide box，Say a box have to sell 30 yuan。According to what he said，Local and no compulsory measures，But farmers themselves have this consciousness。

　　据了解，湖北省2007年对小龙虾农药残留进行过大规模检测，湖北省出入境检验检疫局和湖北省水产局对省内开展稻田寄养小龙虾的9个县市、14个村镇、41600多亩虾稻连作稻田开展调查，并采集土壤样品和水样各300个，抽取虾样500个。结果显示，大量土壤样品检出了阳性，但农药含量很低。在全部500个虾样中，未检出农药残留超标。此外，农业部对湖北省小龙虾产地连续多年进行抽检，也没有发现药残超标。

According to understand，In 2007, hubei province on small lobster pesticide residue a significant test，Hubei province entry and exit inspection and quarantine and hubei province ShuiChanJu in paddy field to foster small lobster and counties、14 villages、More than 41600 Chinese acres shrimp rice paddy fields impact of investigation，And collecting soil samples and water samples every 300，Extraction shrimp sample of 500。The results show，Soil samples of detected a positive，But pesticide content is very low。In all 500 samples of shrimp，Was not detected pesticide residue to exceed bid。In addition，Department of agriculture in hubei province of small lobster for successive years in check，Also found no medicine residual exceeds bid。