(声明：刊用《中国新闻周刊》稿件务经书面授权) (statement：use《The China news weekly》The manuscript affairs written authorization)

　　一种药物首次被批准用于对艾滋病的预防。但是在全球范围内，由于经济衰退，正在削减对艾滋病研究的资金投入，相关研究机构也不断被精简。人们呼吁国际社会继续加大投入，以打好人类抗击艾滋病的关键一役

For the first time by a drug approved for use in AIDS prevention。But in the global scope，Because of the economic recession，Is to cut back on AIDS research of funds，Related research institutes have constantly to be curtailed。People called on the international community to continue to increase investment，By playing good human against AIDS crucial game

　　就像是为了给7月底在华盛顿召开的国际艾滋病大会“暖场”，美国食品及药品管理局(FDA)7月16日批准了一种艾滋病预防药物上市，这种名为“特鲁瓦达”的蓝色药片一经推出，媒体就兴奋地宣称，“抗击艾滋病的新时代到来了”。这是自人类发现艾滋病31年来，首次批准一种药物用于未受感染人群的预防。

Like in order to give the end of July, in Washington at the international AIDS conference“Warm field”，The us food and drug administration(FDA)July 16, approved a AIDS prevention drugs on the market，The name“Trudi watts of”Blue pills once roll out，The media is excited to claim that，“The new era to fight AIDS......”。It is found that AIDS 31 years since human，The first approval of a drug used to not be infected people prevention。

　　一个月前，FDA刚刚批准了另一个与艾滋病有关的新产品——首个可供人们在家里使用的HIV抗体测试盒。随着这两则消息的接连释放，人们开始重新提出：人类离彻底战胜艾滋病还远吗？

A month ago，FDA has just approved another about AIDS and new product--the first available for people to use in the home of HIV antibodies 2.4.0。As the two reports on the release，People began to put forward：Human beings are far from complete defeat AIDS？

　　7月22日，来自195个国家的23000多名政治家、艾滋病专家、活动家、非政府组织代表、跨国药企成员和艾滋病患者聚集在第十九届国际艾滋病大会会场内外，呼吁各国政府在艾滋病科研版图得到历史性更新的时刻，保持清醒头脑，继续加大投入，以保证有足够的资金，打好人类抗击艾滋病的最后一役。

July 22,，From 195 countries in more than 23000 politicians、AIDS experts、activists、Non-governmental organization representative、Multinational medicine enterprises members and AIDS patients gathered in the 19 th international AIDS conference hall inside and outside，In AIDS research on governments to get historic moment of update territory，Keep clear-headed，Continue to increase investment，To ensure that there is enough money，Good human's final game against AIDS。

　　对于奥巴马政府去年提出的“零艾滋一代”的目标，美国健康与人类服务部部长凯瑟琳·西贝柳斯说，“这曾是一个遥远的梦想，它现在已然近在眼前。”

For Obama last year the government proposes“Zero AIDS generation”goal，U.S. health and human services secretary Katherine sibelius said，“It was a distant dream，It has very near。”

“老药”带来的新希望 “Old drug”Brings new hope

　　就在特鲁瓦达获准上市的消息发布两天后，《新英格兰医学杂志》在题为《艾滋病走向末路了？》的文章中指出，“人类正处在抗击艾滋病的乐观阶段”。支撑该文作者“乐观”的实例包括：艾滋病治愈案例的出现、抗逆转录病毒药物对HIV通过性行为传播概率的显著抑制。

In trudi watts of approed information released two days later，《The New England journal of medicine》amid《AIDS to an end？》The article points out，“Human is in fighting AIDS optimistic stage”。Support the authors“optimistic”Examples include：Cure the emergence of AIDS cases、Antiretroviral drugs for HIV spreads through sexual behavior significantly inhibit the probability。

　　特鲁瓦达就是一种抗逆转录病毒药，它可以通过抑制病毒的逆转录酶，来遏制HIV的复制。实际上，这种“新药”由两种更早研发的抗HIV药物“恩曲他滨”和“提诺福韦”结合而成，于2004年由美国吉利德公司推向市场。通常情况下，特鲁瓦达是“鸡尾酒疗法”的一部分，即通过混合三种或者三种以上的抗病毒药物，以减少单一用药的抗药性，最大程度地抑制病毒复制。FDA在2004年就批准了特鲁瓦达与其他药物联合使用，用于对HIV成年感染者的治疗。2011年12月，在美国《时代》周刊的“十大医学突破”评选中，特鲁瓦达榜上有名。

Trudi watts of is a kind of antiretroviral drugs，It can inhibit the virus of reverse transcriptase，To prevent HIV replication。In fact，this“New drug”The two earlier research and development of HIV drugs“Grace song he shore”and“Mention maybe tenofovir”Combined with a，In 2004 by the United States giovanni cobolli gigli DE company to market。usually，Trudi watts of is“cocktails”Part of，That is through a mixture of three or more than three of antiviral drugs，In order to reduce a single drug resistance，The greatest degree to inhibit the virus。The FDA in 2004 approved trudi watts of joint use with other drugs，Used for the treatment of adults infected for HIV。December 2011，In the United States《era》Weekly's“Ten big medical breakthrough”poll，Trudi watts of are on the list。

　　如今，特鲁瓦达的使用范围从治疗向前延伸到预防。推动这项改变的临床试验由美国国家卫生研究院和华盛顿大学进行。前者的研究对象为男性同性恋者，以及与男性发生性行为的变性者；后者则针对与HIV感染者发生过性行为但尚未感染的群体。上述两家临床试验的结果表明，坚持每日服用特鲁瓦达，可以分别把高危人群的HIV感染率降低42%和75%。

now，Trudi watts to use range from treatment to the prevention of river。To promote the change of clinical trials from the national institutes of health and the university of Washington。The former object of study for male homosexuals，And with male sex of denaturation；The latter is for and HIV infected people had sex but not yet infection group。The above two clinical test results show，Insist on taking daily trudi watts to reach，Can the high-risk groups were HIV infection rate reduced by 42% and 75%。

　　世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍指出，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每年共有100多万艾滋病患者开始服用抗逆转录病毒药物进行治疗。但是，新感染者是接受治疗者的两倍。对预防的忽视，使治疗性药物的意义大打折扣，因而，对艾滋病预防的投资带来的长期意义不言而喻。

The world health organization director-general Margaret chan said，In low and middle income countries，Each year more than 100 AIDS patients began to use anti-retroviral drugs for treatment。but，New cases is to accept treatment of the two times。To prevent neglect，Make the meaning of therapeutic drugs to sell at a discount greatly，so，For AIDS prevention investment long-term consequences of meaning is self-evident。

“努力扭转趋势” “Efforts to reverse the trend”

　　作为艾滋病的预防性药物，特鲁瓦达的出现让人们看到了希望，同时，对它的某些质疑也随之出现：有多少患者能够坚持长期每天的服药？这种药物的预防作用会不会被认为是“化学避孕套”，从而降低了高危人群对避孕套的使用率？特鲁瓦达有无副作用，以及会不会形成新的耐药菌株？

As AIDS preventive medicine，Trudi watts to have made people see the hope，At the same time，For some of its question appears：How many patients will be able to maintain long-term daily dose of medicine？This drug prevention function will not be considered“Chemical condoms”，Which reduces the high-risk groups to condom usage？Trudi watts to have side effects，And will form a new drug-resistant strains？

　　“在艾滋病的预防和治疗措施中，药物的角色只是其中之一。”美国乔治亚大学公共卫生学院传染病学教授克里斯托弗·伟伦对《中国新闻周刊》表示，“对卫生状况的改善和性行为的规范，甚至各国(地区)特有的文化都是抗击艾滋病过程中举足轻重的因素。”

“On AIDS prevention and treatment measures，The role of the drug is just one of them。”The university of Georgia, school of public health professor of epidemiology Christopher wei to Aaron《The China news weekly》said，“For health improvements and sexual behavior standard，Even countries(area)Culture is in the process of fighting AIDS important factors。”

　　以色列卫生部药剂专家那敏·哈吉则对特鲁瓦达的作用暂时抱有怀疑态度。她指出，证明任何药物的有效性和安全性都需要经过四个阶段。虽然临床试验证明特鲁瓦达有效，但它还没有经过第四步——后市场阶段的检验，也就是在药物投放市场后对使用人群风险和效益的分析。

Health experts that Israel potion is quick · hadji of trudi watts of role temporarily attitude with suspicion。She points out that，Prove any drug's effectiveness and safety need after four stages。Although clinical trials showed the trudi watts of effective，But it has not been step 4-after the market phase of the inspection，Also is in the drug on the market after using the crowd of risk and benefit analysis。

　　哈吉进一步解释说，服药人群必须做定期检查，制定系统的监测方案，才能搞清药物是否发挥了作用；如果显示预防成功，还需要分析是药物的效果，还是其他辅助措施的作用；如果药物的预防效果不理想，则必须尽快调整预防策略，这其中涉及到的人力、物力成本将是巨大的。

Hadji further explained，People must do regularly check medicine，Make system monitoring scheme，To make clear whether the drug will play a role；If shown to prevent success，Still need to analyze the effect of the drug，Or other auxiliary measures role；If the drug prevention effect is not ideal，As soon as possible prevention strategies must be adjusted，This one related to human、Material cost will be enormous。

　　截至今年，世界上仍只有不足一半的HIV感染者得到治疗。如果要得到早期干预带来的预防效果，全球超过数百万的人需要被纳入预防体系中。公共卫生专家们普遍认为，最需要艾滋病预防措施的不是美国，而是饱受艾滋病侵袭的非洲和亚洲。

So far this year，The world is still only less than half of HIV infected people get the treatment。If you need to get early intervention to bring prevention effect，Global more than millions of people need to be included in the system of prevention。Public health experts generally thought，The most need to HIV/AIDS prevention measures not the United States，But AIDS has affected the Africa and Asia。

　　曾多次赴加纳和利比里亚工作的志愿者项目Niapele的负责人梅根·萨利文对《中国新闻周刊》表示，“估计非洲很难从这种药物中获益。首先是资金问题，我了解到这种药物每年每人的开销是1.4万美元，这对任何一个机构都是一笔巨大的数字。我觉得最理想的情况是比尔·盖茨基金会这样的非政府组织能够介入这种药物的推广。”

Many times to Ghana and Liberia's volunteers the person in charge of the project Niapele megan Sullivan--arrived to《The China news weekly》said，“It is difficult to estimate the drug from Africa benefit。First is the money problem，I learned that the drug spending per person per year is 14000 dollars，This to any one institution is a huge Numbers。I think the most ideal situation is Bill Gates foundation such non-governmental organizations in this drug can spread。”

　　钱并非唯一的障碍，萨利文说，“按照要求，特鲁瓦达需要每天坚持服用，这对大部分非洲居民来说是不可能的。在那里，我见过很多捐赠药物，服用这些药物要求每天合理搭配饮食，对此，当地人坚持一两天还行，一两周后就基本上前功尽弃了。”

Money is not the only obstacle，Sally said，“According to the request，Trudi watts to need to take every day，The most African people is impossible。there，I've seen a lot of drug donation，Taking these drugs every reasonable collocation dietary requirements，this，The local people insist on a day or two still line，After a week or two was basically down the drain。”

　　中国已成为艾滋病增长率最快的国家之一。虽然特鲁瓦达暂时还没有引进中国，但中国已经开展了对艾滋病预防药物的研究。“十一五”重大专项领域中就安排了“暴露前预防用药的研究”；“十二五”计划中将启动全面应用于艾滋病预防的研究。

China has become one of the fastest growth rate of HIV/AIDS。Although trudi watts of haven't been introduced into China，But China has began to HIV/AIDS prevention drug research。“11”Major projects in the field arrangements“Exposure to prevent the use of drug research before”；“1025”Plan will start comprehensive application in HIV/AIDS prevention research。

　　各种现实的因素，决定了特鲁瓦达预防艾滋病的效果还有待观察。但唯一可以确定的是，这种药物的适时推出，呼应了本届国际艾滋病大会的主题：努力扭转趋势。

The factors of reality，Decided trudi watts of HIV prevention effect remains to be seen。But one thing is certain，The drug's releasing，Echo the international AIDS conference theme：Efforts to reverse the trend。

　　《新英格兰医学杂志》的文章指出，虽然艾滋病的研究不断取得重大进展，但是在全球范围内，由于经济衰退，正在削减对艾滋病研究的资金投入，相关研究机构也不断被精简。世界上最主要的资助艾滋病治疗的机构“全球基金”就面临数十亿美元的财政赤字。

《The New England journal of medicine》Article points out that，Although HIV/AIDS research has made significant progress，But in the global scope，Because of the economic recession，Is to cut back on AIDS research of funds，Related research institutes have constantly to be curtailed。The world's most major funding AIDS treatment institution“The global fund”Is facing billions of dollars in the budget deficit。

　　在国际艾滋病大会上，与会者一方面提醒人们不要对防艾领域的进步产生过度自满的情绪；另一方面也在担心正在取得的成果无法得到进一步巩固，因为全球范围的经济衰退使艾滋病领域得不到足够的资金支持。本次大会的共同主席戴安·哈弗勒指出，“零艾滋一代”的福祉靠的是我们这一代人的努力。正当科学研究为战胜艾滋病勾勒出可以实现的前景时，如果财政困局让我们对彻底终结艾滋病而力有不逮，那将是人类的巨大损失。 (文/ 罗晶)

In the international AIDS conference，Participants on one hand to remind people of the field of ai not unduly emotional progress complacency；On the other hand also worried about is being made of the results can't get further consolidate，Because of the global economic recession which is not enough funds AIDS field support。This congress common chairman dianne feinstein, points out that FuLe ·，“Zero AIDS generation”The welfare of by our generation efforts。As scientific research for defeat AIDS draw the outline of future can be realized，If the financial difficulties of let us to completely end AIDS have incompetent force，That will be a huge loss of human beings。 (Article/LuoJing)