中新网8月3日电 据国家食药监局网站消息，药监局今日发布2012年第2期餐饮服务食品安全预警公告，提醒预防毒蘑菇中毒。

Beijing, aug. 3, according to the national food, the administration's web site news，Released today, the administration's 2012 2) food service food safety warning notice，Remind prevent poisonous mushroom poisoning。

　　公告指出，目前，在我国已鉴定的蕈类中，可食用蕈近300种，有毒蕈类约100多种；其中含有剧毒可致死的近10种。毒蕈的有毒成分十分复杂，一种毒蕈可以含有几种毒素，而一种毒素又可以存在于多种毒蕈之中。

Notice said，At present，In our country have identified in the class of the fungus，Nearly 300 kinds of edible fungi，About 100 kinds of a toadstools；Among them is extremely toxic can be deadly nearly 10 kinds。The toxic ingredients toadstools is very complex，A can contain several toadstools toxins，And a toxin and can exist in many of toadstools。

　　公告指出，毒蘑菇所含毒素为蕈毒素。因其含有毒成分不同，中毒后的症状在临床上可分为五种类型：

Notice said，Poisonous mushroom contains toxin for mushroomlike toxins。Because of the different containing toxic ingredients，After the poisoning of clinical symptoms can be divided into five types：

　　一是胃肠型：潜伏期为30分钟～6小时，有恶心、剧烈呕吐、腹泻等症状；

One is the gastrointestinal type：Incubation period for 30 minutes to six hours，A sick、Severe vomiting、diarrhea；

　　二是神经精神型：潜伏期10分钟～2小时，除胃肠炎症状外，尚有流涎、流泪，严重者可出现幻觉、精神错乱等；

2 it is nervous spirit type：Incubation period 10 minutes to 2 hours，In addition to the gastroenteritis symptoms，Still salivate、tears，In hallucinations、psychosis；

　　三是溶血型：潜伏期为6～12小时，可出现急性贫血、黄疸、肝脾肿大、血红蛋白尿；

Three hemolysis type is：Incubation period for six to 12 hours，Can appear acute anemia、jaundice、Liver splenomegaly、hemoglobinuria；

　　四是脏器损害型：潜伏期10～24小时，临床上分潜伏期、胃肠期、假愈期、内脏损害期和恢复期。应特别注意假愈期，此时病人无任何症状，但毒素正向肝肾内脏侵犯，病情恶化较快，可导致死亡；

Four is organs damage type：Incubation period 10 ~ 24 hours，Clinically points latency period、Gastrointestinal period、False of the、Internal damage period and recovery。Should pay special attention to the more false period，At this time the patient does not have any symptoms，But toxins positive liver and kidney visceral infringement，Condition deteriorate faster，Can cause death；

　　五是光过敏性皮炎型：潜伏期约24小时，与光接触部位皮肤肿胀，指尖剧痛、指甲根部出血，嘴唇肿胀外翻。

Five is light allergic dermatitis type：Incubation period about 24 hours，And light skin swelling contacting part，Fingertips pain、Nails root bleeding，Lips swollen out。

　　公告提示，识别蘑菇是否有毒，主要从它的形态、气味和颜色上来区分。毒蘑菇一般在顶上有凸起的疙瘩肉瘤，柄上有环状物(脚苞)，根上有环状托，有苦、辣、酸、麻及其他恶味，色彩鲜艳，采后易变色，多数柔软，浆汁多并浑浊像牛奶。毒蘑菇一般生长在潮湿的地方，能使米饭、大蒜、银器变黑。无毒的蘑菇一般生长在矮草丛中或松林地下，盖是扁或圆的，肉厚而嫩，颜色多为黄、白或古铜色，掰开后浆汁清亮如水，不变色，味道清香。

Announcement suggests，Identify whether poisonous mushrooms，Mainly from its form、Smell and color up divisional。Poisonous mushroom in general has on raised a knot in one's heart sarcoma，Handle a circular object(Feet bract)，At the root of a circular hold，Has a bitter、spicy、acid、Linen and other evil taste，colourful，Postharvest easy to change color，Most of the soft，More like milk and juice giving an oar murky。Poisonous mushroom grows in damp places，Can make rice、garlic、Silver black。The mushroom grows in non-toxic short grass or pine underground，Cover is flat or round，Thick and tender meat，Color is more yellow、White or tan，After broke clear juice giving an oar like water，Don't change color，Flavour faint scent。

　　公告要求加强预防措施，一是餐饮单位要加强原料检查，避免采购和食用野生蘑菇。由于蕈毒素不能通过烹调、加工破坏，许多毒素还无法检测，有毒和无毒蘑菇难以辨别，目前有效的预防措施是避免食用野生蘑菇。

Announcement calls for strengthened the preventive measures，One is the catering units should strengthen the raw material inspection，Avoid procurement and edible wild mushrooms。Because mushroomlike toxins can't through the cooking、Processing damage，Many toxins can't test，Poisonous mushroom is difficult to discern and non-toxic，At present the effective prevention measures is to avoid edible wild mushrooms。

　　二是消费者不要采摘野蘑菇。对市场上出售的野蘑菇，也不能放松警惕，尤其是不要采购、制作和食用没吃过或不认识的野蘑菇。

2 it is consumers don't pick wild mushrooms。Sells on the market to the wild mushrooms，Also can't relax vigilance，Especially don't purchase、Production and consumption have not eaten or did not know the wild mushrooms。

　　三是加大宣传力度。夏季是毒蘑菇生长旺季，也是毒蘑菇中毒的高发季节，监管部门要对有采摘习惯的农村地区加大宣传教育的力度。

Three is the increased publicity。Summer is poisonous mushroom growth peak season，Also is poisonous mushroom poisoning the list of season，Regulators will have to pick habits of the rural areas increases the propaganda education efforts。

　　公告指出，目前，对毒蘑菇中毒尚无特效疗法。一旦误食，应尽早采用催吐、洗胃、导泻、灌肠等方法，迅速排除毒素。同时，在催吐后应尽快到医院接受治疗。

Notice said，At present，There is no effects of poisonous mushroom poisoning therapy。Once the ingestion of，Should the spits as early as possible、lavage、Guide xie、Enema method，Quickly eliminate toxins。At the same time，As soon as possible after spits should be in to a hospital for treatment。