癌症命门，这下子戳中了？ Cancer mingmen，Now in the stamp？

　　这是一场长达15年的追捕。

This is a field of 15 years of hunting。

　　受害人是全球数以千万计的癌症患者，警方是来自世界各地的科研人员和临床医生，至于犯罪嫌疑人，则是一个名叫癌症干细胞的家伙。

The victim is the hundreds of millions of cancer patients，The police is the scientific research personnel from all over the world and clinical doctors，As for the criminal suspect，Is a guy named cancer stem cells。

　　按照一些科学家的推测，正是这个狡猾的疑凶让癌细胞不受控制地疯长，甚至抵挡住最强劲的药物治疗和化疗手段。这也被认为是众多癌症患者不得不经历痛苦而又漫长的治疗过程的原因。不少科学家相信，只要找到癌症干细胞，并且精确地消灭它，就可以防止癌症的复发。

According to some scientists speculate，It is this sly good suspect let cancer cells from control to flowers，Even the most strong resist the drug therapy and chemotherapy means。This also is known by many cancer patients to experience the pain and long course of treatment reason。Many scientists believe，As long as find cancer stem cells，And precisely destroy it，You can prevent the recurrence of cancer。

　　2012年8月3日，《自然》和《科学》杂志相继刊发3篇研究文章，为癌症干细胞的存在增加了新证据。来自荷兰、比利时以及美国的科研团队分别在实验小鼠的皮肤、肠道以及大脑里，用遗传细胞标记技术成功追踪到这名嫌疑犯的踪迹。

On August 3, 2012，《natural》and《science》Magazine published successively 3 article research paper，For cancer stem cells there increased the new evidence。From the Netherlands、Belgium and the United States were in scientific research team laboratory mice skin、Intestinal and the brain，With genetic markers to follow the cell success the suspect's trail。

　　“运用人类所拥有的现代分子技术，我们应该可以发现癌症的软肋。”上述研究的参与者之一、位于美国达拉斯市的得克萨斯西南医学中心教授路易斯·帕拉达说，“现在我们已经找到了真正的敌人。”

“Using human have modern molecular technology，We should be able to find the soft rib of cancer。”One of the above study participants、Located in the United States the southwestern medical center in Dallas, Texas professor luis pola of said，“Now we have found the real enemy。”

有一群细胞对放化疗都耐受，是癌症复发转移的祸害，这群硬骨头可以看作肿瘤干细胞 There is a group of cells of radiation and chemotherapy are tolerated，Is the scourge of cancer relapse and metastasis，This group of hard stuff can be as cancer stem cells

　　路易斯所说的软肋，出现在一群特殊的实验小鼠身上。作为该论文的第一作者，毕业于北京大学、目前在国内一家生物科技公司工作的陈坚解释说，他们希望试验始终能在老鼠身体内进行，研究一个原发肿瘤的自我维系过程。

Louis said soft rib，Appeared in a group of special experimental mice。As the paper's first author，Graduated from Beijing university、At present in China a biotech company work 23 Chen j explained，They hope to test in rats can always be within the body，Research a primary tumor self-sustaining process。

　　为此，这场发生在实验室里的追捕行动，第一步是培养打入敌人内部的谍报人员。在试验起步的半年时间里，陈坚的主要工作一度是饲养老鼠。从2007年开始，他和同事在路易斯的实验室里开始这项研究。当时，他的身份是得克萨斯西南医学中心的博士研究生。

For this，This happened in the laboratory in the hunt，The first step is to cultivate the enemy in the internal espionage personnel。In the test of the time start half a year，The main job of 23 Chen j was once breed mice。From 2007 to，He and his colleagues in Louis lab began this research。At that time，His identity is Texas southwestern medical center doctoral students。

　　作为“潜伏者”，这种特殊的小鼠一出生，由于神经细胞里面多个抑癌基因缺少，就患上了神经胶质瘤。与此同时，它们体内还携带着一种名为GFP的绿色荧光蛋白，会让潜伏着的癌症干细胞染上绿色。这意味着，只要是癌症干细胞，就会泛出绿色荧光，从而让疑犯的身份暴露无遗。

as“lurker”，This special mice a was born，Because more than inside nerve cells lack tumor-suppressor genes，He had a glioma。At the same time，They also carry a body called the GFP green fluorescent protein，Will let lies a cancer stem cells with green。This means that，As long as is the cancer stem cells，Will be radiant with green fluorescent，So let the identity of the suspect completely exposed。

　　通缉令最早由加拿大科学家伯奈特和迪克发出。1997年，他们从急性髓性白血病中分离出一类细胞，约占白血病总细胞数量的0.2%。这些数量小到不起眼的细胞被移植到免疫缺陷的实验小鼠身上时，却引发了白血病。在他们看来，这种自我更新能力极强、并且会生成癌细胞的家伙，可能就是导致癌症发生的元凶。

The warrant of Canadian scientists "knight and a dick。1997 years，They from acute myelogenous leukemia to separate kind of cells，Accounts for about 0.2% of the total number of leukemia cells。These small number to ordinary cells were transplanted into immunodeficiency experiments in mice，But caused leukemia。In their view，This update skills、And will generate cancer cells guy，May is the prime cause cancer。

　　在此之前，临床医生已经意识到癌症复发背后存在的问题。在中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所免疫室主任张叔人眼中，这是一小撮“硬骨头”在作怪：“有一群细胞对放化疗都耐受，是癌症复发转移的祸害。这群硬骨头可以看作癌症干细胞。”

Before this，Clinical doctors have realized the problems behind a cancer recurrence。In the Chinese academy of medical sciences, director of the institute of cancer MianYiShi ZhangShu people's eyes，This is a“Hard stuff”In time：“There is a group of cells of radiation and chemotherapy are tolerated，Is the scourge of cancer relapse and metastasis。This group of hard stuff can be seen as a cancer stem cells。”

　　那时，科学家利用了癌症干细胞的一个特点：它的细胞表面有一些特殊的蛋白质，这些蛋白质标记物会在特定的染色剂下显示，就像一个乔装打扮的逃犯突然在脑门儿上贴了张“我是凶手”的纸条一样。之后，这些细胞通过一台名叫流式细胞仪的仪器被筛选出来，并被移植到具有免疫缺陷的实验小鼠身上。如果肿瘤出现的话，科学家认为，这些彩色的细胞就可以视为癌症干细胞。

then，Scientists use a feature of the cancer stem cells：It has some of the cell surface of specific protein，These protein markers in particular will dye shows，As a disguise herself of the prisoner of NaoMenEr suddenly in put zhang“I was the killer”Note as。after，These cells through a named flow cytometric screening out the instrument，And be transplanted to have immunodeficiency experimental mice。If a tumor appeared words，Scientists think，These color can be regarded as the cells cancer stem cells。

　　用类似的方法，乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌等实体瘤中的癌症干细胞已经被抓住了。但有人因此质疑道，这种把癌症干细胞移植到另一个动物身体中的试验方法，已经改变了肿瘤生长的原始环境。

Use a similar method，Breast cancer、Colon cancer、Liver cancer, and other entities of the tumor cancer stem cells have been caught。But someone so questioned way，The cancer stem cell transplantation to another animal body in of the test method，The growth of tumors have changed the original environment。

　　为避免这种漏洞，陈坚所在的团队决定研究同一生物环境中癌症干细胞的踪迹。他们没有选择对癌症干细胞表面标记物染色的传统方法，而是通过遗传基因技术，让小鼠身体里携带着让癌症干细胞无处可逃的绿色荧光蛋白。

To avoid the loophole，23 Chen j team decided to study the same biological environment traces of cancer stem cells。They have no choice to cancer stem cell surface marker stain of traditional method，But through the genetic technology，Let the mice body carries let cancer stem cells, no escape green fluorescent protein。

　　最终，他们选择了大脑中一种名叫神经胶质瘤的肿瘤下手。这种侵略性很强的肿瘤很难治愈，据统计患者5年存活率低于5%，这一数字在年长的病人中更小。

finally，They chose a named glioma brain tumor laid hands on him。This aggressive strong tumor is very difficult to treat，According to the statistics patients the 5-year survival rate of less than 5%，The Numbers were in elderly patients more small。