它们的很多器官都能用在人身上 移植技术已成熟，大规模应用得报批 Their many organs can be used in humans transplantation technique has been mature，Large scale application to approval

　　在宁乡县金洲新区一幢厂房状的建筑里，住着这样一群猪。

Ningxiang county in jinzhou district a house plant shaped buildings，Lived such a group of pigs。

　　它们躺在无菌恒温的空调房里，享受着无公害有机蔬菜做成的美食，喝的是纯净水，闲暇时有音乐听，还有人带着玩……

They lie in aseptic constant temperature air conditioning room，Enjoying the pollution-free food made of organic vegetables，Drink pure water，Leisure is music to listen to，There are people with play...

　　这些从外形上看并无特别之处的猪为何能享受如此高的待遇？其实它们肩负着一项艰巨的医学使命——将为人类的胰岛移植手术提供“救命脏器”，也就是说当一个糖尿病人的胰岛功能衰竭了，医生将它们身上培植出来的胰岛成功移植，就能帮人摆脱病魔。

These from appearance perspective and no special place of the pig why can enjoy such a high treatment？In fact they shoulder a difficult medical mission - will be human islet transplantation surgery provide“Help viscera”，That is when a people with diabetes islet function failure the，The doctor will them cultivate out successfully transplanted islet，Can people get rid of disease。

　　8月18日上午，亚洲首家、世界第二家医用级动物供体培育中心——中南大学异种移植(DPF)供体培育中心在宁乡挂牌成立。

In the morning on August 18,，The first Asian、The world's second home medical level animal donor training center in central south university, xenotransplantation(DPF)Donor training center was established in ningxiang listed。

　　

为何要高代价培养“供体猪”？ Why the high price culture“Donor pig”？

　　

全国4000万患者等移植却无供体 The country's 40 million patients transplanted such as yet no donor

　　中国科学家、湘雅三医院教授王维是“供体猪”的培育者，也是我国乃至世界异种移植研究领域的先行。

Chinese scientists、Three xiangya hospital professor wang is“Donor pig”Nurser of，Is our country and even the world xenograft in the research field of the first。

　　“每十名成年中国人中就有一人是糖尿病患者。”王维教授介绍，中国目前有近1亿的糖尿病患者，其中4000万患者胰岛功能衰竭，需要进行胰岛移植手术，但供体的极度短缺令许多患者希望渺茫。

“Every ten adult in the Chinese one is diabetic patients。”Introduced professor wang，China now has nearly 100 million diabetic patients，Including 40 million patients of islet function failure，The need for islet transplantation surgery，But donor extreme shortage makes many patients hope is frail。

　　糖尿病人主要靠注射胰岛素来维持生命。据了解，病人早期的治疗费用大约每年4000元，到了晚期，出现并发症时每年可能需要十几万元。而成功移植胰岛之后，不仅能延长患者生命，治疗费用也大大减低。

People with diabetes depend mainly on insulin injections to sustain life。It is understood，Patients early treatment costs about 4000 yuan a year，The late，Complications every may need to several hundred thousand yuan。And success after islet grafts，Not only can prolong patient life，Treatment costs are reduced greatly。

　　

猪为何是最佳供体物种？ Pig why is the best donor species？

　　

猪胰岛素分子跟人仅一项不同 Pig insulin molecular with people just a different

　　异种移植，某种程度上类似于植物“嫁接”。人类最早的尝试是把羊的脏器移植到人体内，但由于当时对免疫学方面的经验缺乏，这个器官很快就被排斥掉了。之后，世界上很多科学家都分别做过尝试，把狗、猪、猴子的脏器试图移植到人体内，但这些尝试最终都没有成功。

xenograft，To a certain extent similar to the plant“grafting”。The beginning of human attempt is the organ transplant the sheep to the human body，But it was the lack of experience of immunology，The organ was soon rejection off。after，Many scientists in the world have tried respectively，The dog、pig、The monkey's viscera tried to transplant to human body，But these try to ultimately did not succeed。

　　如今猪为何能成为最适合异种移植供体的物种？王维教授解释，猪的心脏、肝脏、肾脏、胰岛、神经细胞以及软骨细胞，与人的相应器官、组织和细胞在结构、功能上几乎完全一致，移植患者身上完全可以发挥原有器官的作用。“据研究表明，猪胰岛素分子与人胰岛素分子，仅有一个氨基酸不同。加上猪易于喂养，价格便宜，所以猪是最佳供体物种。”

Now pig why can be the most suitable for xenotransplantation donor species？Professor wang explain，Pig heart、liver、kidney、islet、Nerve cells and cartilage cells，And the corresponding organs、Tissue and cell in the structure、The function almost completely consistent，Transplant patients can play the role of the original organ。“According to the research shows that，Pig insulin molecular and insulin molecular，Only a different amino acids。Add pig easy to feed，cheap，So the pig is the best donor species。”

　　

“猪-人”移植有成功案例吗？ “Pig - people”Transplanted with successful cases？

　　

22例临床实验，20例患者“有效” 22 cases of clinical trials，20 patients“effective”

　　具体的“移植”，是通过将猪胰岛细胞经肝动脉，移植到治疗糖尿病来实现。经卫生部的批准，2000年至2004年的4年时间里，王维团队完成的 22例“猪-人”胰岛移植的糖尿病患者临床实验。其中20例患者“有效”，这20例患者中6例达到“显著疗效”，其中1例脱离胰岛素达一周之久，为“短暂治愈”。 2011年年底，王维课题组对这22例患者进行了复查，无一例出现严重不良反应和明显并发症，且患者的糖代谢水平均保持了稳定。但有专家指出，相关研究成果“最终大规模临床应用仍需要得到有关部门的批准。”

The specific“transplantation”，Is the ZhuYiDao cells via hepatic artery，Transplantation to treat diabetes to achieve。After the approval of the ministry of health，From 2000 to 2004 years of 4 years，Wang wei team to complete 22 cases“Pig - people”Islet transplantation of diabetes patients clinical trials。The 20 patients“effective”，The 20 cases to 6 cases“Remarkable curative effect”，One example from insulin for a week long，for“Short cure”。 By the end of 2011，Han wang wei to the 22 patients were review，No case of severe adverse reactions and obvious complications，And the patients of sugar metabolism level are maintained a stable。But one expert points out，Related research results“Final large-scale clinical application is still need to be approved by the relevant departments。”

　　

喂养 feeding

　　

住“豪宅”吃“大餐” live“A person of extraordinary powers curtilage”eat“dinner”

　　

工作人员还要带它们玩 Staff also take them to play

　　供体猪长什么样？ 记者近日在供体培育中心见到了这群可爱的“宠物”。

Donor pig long what kind of？ Recently, reporters see in donor training center of the lovely“pet”。

　　8月20日上午11点30分，室外的温度高达36℃，近10头全身黑乎乎的“供体猪”，在自己无菌且恒温的“豪宅”中悠闲地玩耍。开心的时候，它们用嘴拱着玩具球自娱自乐，累了则躺在地上，闭着眼睛小憩。

On August 20, at 11 PM，Outdoor temperature as high as 36 ℃，Nearly 10 head of black body“Donor pig”，In his own sterile and the constant temperature“A person of extraordinary powers curtilage”A leisurely play。happy，They use mouth arch the toys ball amuse oneself，Tired is lying on the ground，A closed his eyes。

　　穿着隔离服的工作人员，不时出来检测、化验。“我们要定期检测它们的营养状况，保证营养均衡；还要调节它们的情绪，带它们玩玩具。”王维教授介绍，达到“医用级供体猪”的标准很高，目前供体培育中心的整座猪舍完全密封，装有现代化空气过滤装置、淋浴器等多种设施，猪食和餐具全部高压灭菌，饮水过滤后灭菌。

Dressed in isolation suit staff，From time to time out detection、assay。“We want to periodically their nutritional status，Guarantee balanced；To control their emotions，Take them to play with toy。”Introduced professor wang，achieve“The medical level donor pig”Standard high，At present the donor training center in entire piggery completely sealed，Equipped with modern air filtration device、Shower and so on the many kinds of facilities，Hogwash and tableware all high pressure sterilization，After drinking water filtration sterilization。

　　

档案 files

　　

狒狒山羊也作过供体 Baboons goat also done donor

　　

但患者都在数周后死亡 But patients are in the weeks after death

　　动物器官移植的历史最早可追溯到20世纪初：

Animal organ transplants the earliest history can be traced back to the early 20th century：

　　1906年，一位名叫Mathieu Jaboulay的法国医师分别将一只猪的肾脏和一只山羊的肝脏移植到两名女性体内。

In 1906,，A man named Mathieu Jaboulay French physician respectively a pig kidney and a goat's liver transplantation to two women body。

　　1964年，6只狒狒的肾脏被植入人体。

In 1964,，6 baboons kidney was implantation in the human body。

　　1984年，1只狒狒的心脏被植入一名婴儿体内。

In 1984,，1 the heart of baboons have been implanted in a baby。

　　1992年，2只狒狒肝脏被植入人体。

In 1992,，Two baboons liver was implantation in the human body。

　　上述几例器官移植中的病患均在手术后数周内死亡，他们的死因都是使用免疫抑制类药物者常见的感染。较为成功的例子最早出现在1992年，两名妇女接受了猪肝脏移植手术，尽管她们在合适的人类器官出现前死去，但有证据表明猪的肝脏在患者体内发挥了一定作用。

The above a few cases of organ transplantation patients were in a few weeks after surgery death，They the cause of death is the use of immunosuppressive drugs is common infection。Examples of successful first appeared in 1992，Two women accepted ZhuGanZang transplant，Although they are appropriate human organ appear die before，But there is evidence that the pig's liver in the patients' bodies play a certain role。

　　

焦点 focus

　　

【问题一】 人用猪脏器存不存在伦理问题 【Problem a】 People use pig organs does not exist ethical issues

　　早在1996年，英国政府就通过法律，规定不得将动物的心脏移植到人体内，“不然，人类基因将面目全非”。

As early as in 1996，The British government is through the law，Provisions shall not animal heart transplant to human body，“otherwise，Human genes will beyond recognition”。

　　对此，有专家称，对猪的研究显示：猪的生物学特性与人类极为相似，尤其是器官大小与人相似，而且与灵长类动物相比不存在伦理学方面的问题，此外在异种器官移植上，外科手术已经不成问题。

this，Some experts say，The research shows that to pigs：The biological characteristics of pig similar to human beings，Especially organ size and humans，And compared with primates do not exist ethics problems，In addition in xenotransplantation on，Surgery has been no problem。

　　

【问题二】 猪身上还有哪些器官能用 【Problem two】 The pig body and what can organs

　　戴一凡(南京医科大学教授)：一头猪，其器官可广泛用于人体角膜、皮肤、胰岛、关节、肌腱、韧带、肾脏、心脏、肝脏等器官的移植。在医学界，植入人体细胞的猪的心脏瓣膜已用在患者身上。美国有科学家大胆尝试用野生猪的肝脏为肝昏迷的患者过滤肝脏毒素，为他们争取时间，等待肝脏供体。而猪的韧带肌腱的移植技术已经成熟。(三湘都市报 记者 李琪 实习生 朱莹 通讯员 余希)

DaiYiFan(Nanjing medical university professor)：A pig，Its organs can be widely used in human cornea、skin、islet、joint、tendons、ligament、kidney、heart、The transplantation of organs such as the liver。In the medical profession，Implantation in the human body cell of the pig's heart valve has been used in patients。The United States has scientists bold try to use wild pig liver for hepatic coma patients with hepatic toxin filtration，For they buy time，Waiting for liver donors。And pig ligament tendon transplantation techniques have been mature。(Sanxiang urban paper LiQi intern reporter correspondent ZhuYing more than bush)