世界首支戊肝疫苗研制背后 The world first branch amyl liver vaccine development behind

中国系戊肝高流行区，但公众对戊肝的了解、认识程度却比较低，戊肝的危害性被严重低估。 China is hepatitis e high popular area，But the public understanding of hepatitis e、Understanding degree is low，The harmfulness of hepatitis e was badly underestimate。

　　预计在今年10月，中国原创研发生产的戊型肝炎(下称戊肝)疫苗“益可宁”将实现商品化上市。这是当今世界首支可以直接造福于全人类的戊肝疫苗。

This year is expected in October，China's original research and development production hepatitis(Next says hepatitis e)vaccine“Profit can be better”Will realize commercialization listed。This is the world's first branch can be directly mankind hepatitis e vaccine。

　　“益可宁”由厦门大学国家传染病诊断试剂与疫苗工程技术研究中心研制，研发耗时约14年，研发投入达到约5亿元。

“Profit can be better”By the xiamen university national infectious disease diagnosis reagent and vaccine engineering technology research center development，Research took about 14 years，R&d investment reached about 500 million yuan。

　　世界卫生组织传播干事夏格维奇称，“中国应该因发展中国家的首个得到许可的戊肝疫苗而受到赞扬。”

The world health organization for XiaGe spread's said，“China should for developing countries first licensed amyl liver vaccine was praised。”

　　夏格维奇此言，对应的是戊肝疫情的严峻态势。仅以中国为例，目前我国戊肝的发病率和死亡率均呈快速上升趋势。累计卫生部逐月发布的全国法定传染病疫情数据可知，2012年上半年，戊肝发病率首次超过甲型肝炎(下称甲肝)，成为我国急性流行性肝炎中的最大杀手。

's XiaGe emphasised，The corresponding is hepatitis e epidemic situation。Only in China, for example，At present our country hepatitis e morbidity and mortality are with the rapid rising trend。The ministry of health issued by the month by month cumulative national legal the epidemic situation of infectious diseases that data，In the first half of 2012，Hepatitis e incidence more than hepatitis a for the first time(Next says hepatitis a)，Become China's acute epidemic hepatitis the biggest killer。

　　从事戊肝研究的厦门大学公共卫生学院副教授吴婷告诉本刊，由于病源学诊断研究的滞后，戊肝的危害性被严重低估，戊肝成为一种被忽视的疾病。

Engaged in hepatitis e study of xiamen university, associate professor, school of public health WuTing told this newspaper，Due to pathogenic learning diagnosis research lag，The harmfulness of hepatitis e was badly underestimate，Hepatitis e become a neglected diseases。

　　“益可宁”将对戊肝防控发挥何种作用？

“Profit can be better”For hepatitis e prevention and control play what role？

被忽视的戊肝 Neglected hepatitis e

　　戊肝是由戊肝病毒感染所致的急性病毒性肝炎。

Hepatitis e is by hepatitis e virus infection of acute viral hepatitis。

　　一般而言，由病毒引起的肝炎目前可分为甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型和戊型五种。其中，戊肝发现最晚，在1989年之前，它一直被称作非甲非乙型肝炎。

Generally speaking，Caused by viruses hepatitis can be divided into a current、b、c、Butyl type and amyl type five。the，Hepatitis e found the night，In the 1989 years ago，It has been called, non-b hepatitis。

　　戊肝病毒是人类了解最少，也是最复杂的致病病毒之一。在目前已经发现的至少4种基因型戊肝病毒中，1型和2型主要感染人类，3型和4型则是人畜共患病毒，以猪作为主要宿主。

Hepatitis e virus is the human understand at least，Which is the most complicated one of pathogenic virus。In the present have found at least four genotypes of hepatitis e virus，Type 1 and type 2 main infect humans，3 type and type 4 is a virus both human beings and livestock，With pig as the main host。

　　最早记载的戊肝疫情发生在1955年。那时，印度新德里洪水泛滥，贾木纳河改道并被城市生活污水污染，导致疫情大暴发，发病人数在短期内急剧增多，引起当地民众恐慌。那次疫情一直持续到1956年，有统计的病例达97000余例。限于当时的医学水平，人们普遍认为这次肝炎大流行的元凶是甲肝，但也有参与疫情调查的学者提出质疑。

The earliest record of hepatitis e epidemic occurred in 1955。then，New Delhi, India flooding，JiaMu susquehana river diversion and city life sewage pollution，Lead to big epidemic outbreak，The number of disease in the short term is increased rapidly，Cause the local people panic。The epidemic continued until 1956，Statistics of cases of more than 97000 cases。Limited to the medical level，It is generally accepted that the hepatitis big popular culprit is armour liver，But there are also involved in epidemic survey of scholars question。

　　1989年，美国Reyes博士等应用分子生物学技术成功克隆了戊肝病毒基因组。同年9月，在日本东京召开的国际非甲非乙型肝炎和经血液传播的传染病学术会议上，将引起新德里肝炎大暴发的病原体正式命名为戊肝病毒。

In 1989,，The United States Reyes, and application of molecular biology technology cloned hepatitis e virus genome。The same year in September,，In Japan at the international Tokyo, non-b hepatitis and the spread of infectious diseases through blood conference，Will cause new Delhi hepatitis big outbreak of pathogen officially named hepatitis e virus。

　　此后，尼泊尔的加德满都，缅甸的曼德勒，中国的新疆，非洲的索马里、苏丹、乌干达，南亚的斯里兰卡等地，都曾发生过人数过万的戊肝大规模暴发流行。

Since then，Kathmandu, Nepal，Burma's mandalay，China's xinjiang，Africa's somalia、Sudan、Uganda，South of Sri Lanka, etc，All had happened a number hepatitis e large-scale outbreak。

　　世界卫生组织发布的一份关于“东南亚区域的病毒性肝炎”资料估算，世界范围内每年有1400万例临床戊肝患者，每年死亡人数达到30万，并造成5200例胎儿死亡。目前，全世界已有约三分之一的人口感染戊肝病毒。

The world health organization released a about“Southeast Asia area of viral hepatitis”Material estimation，Around the world every year there were 14 million cases of clinical hepatitis e patients，Every year the death toll to 300000，And cause 5200 cases of fetal death。At present，The world has been about one third of the population of hepatitis e virus infection。

　　病毒学专家发现，以往认为戊肝仅在卫生条件较差的发展中国家流行的情况已经发生了变化，近10年来，在美国、欧洲和亚太地区发达国家日本、澳大利亚等也陆续报告有戊肝散发病例，其中，仅少数为输入性，绝大多数为本土发病。

Virology experts found，Ever think hepatitis e only in the health condition of the poor in developing countries popular situation has changed，Nearly 10 years，In the United States、Europe and the asia-pacific region developed countries Japan、Australia has also reported cases of hepatitis e send out，the，Only a few for input sex，The vast majority of for the local disease。

　　根据世界卫生组织的统计数据，我国属于戊肝高流行区域。然而，公众对戊肝的了解、认识程度却比较低。

According to the world health organization's statistical data，Our country belongs to the hepatitis e high prevalence area。however，The public understanding of hepatitis e、Understanding degree is low。

　　万泰沧海生物技术有限公司总经理高永忠说，较为年长者一般会对1989年曾经在上海暴发的甲肝大流行有一定印象，但对1986年9月至1988年4月在我国新疆和田、喀什和克孜勒苏三地州暴发的戊肝大流行却一无所知。此次疫情涉及23个县市，总计约12万人发病、707人死亡(含414名孕妇)，是迄今为止世界上最大规模的戊肝流行。无论在规模、时间跨度、涉及面和危害性等各个方面，都比几乎同期发生在上海的甲肝疫情严重得多。

Wantai the sea and the biological technology co., LTD., general manager GaoYongZhong said，More senior general meeting of 1989 once in Shanghai outbreak of hepatitis a pandemic has certain impression，But to September 1986 to April in China's xinjiang hetian、Kashi and he had le Susan ground state outbreak of hepatitis e pandemic know nothing about it。The outbreak involved in 23 counties，The total of about 120000 people、707 people were killed(Including 414 pregnant women)，Is by far the world's largest hepatitis e pop。No matter in the scale、Time span、Involve and harmfulness, etc，Than almost the same period occurred in Shanghai's armour liver disease is much more serious。

　　本刊记者在采访中亦发现，随机询问的许多人中，即便一些受过高等教育的人士也往往对戊肝没有概念，有人甚至认为戊肝是非洲灾难贫穷的疾病，与我国无关。

This reporter in the interview also found，Random asked many people，Even though some have received higher education are also often to hepatitis e not the concept，Some people even think amyl liver is Africa disaster poor disease，Has nothing to do with our country。