受访专家/中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院消化内科副主任医师 林莹

Interviewed experts/sun yat-sen university sun yat-sen memorial hospital digesting internal medicine of doctor of vice director of LinYing

　广州近日天气变化快，一会台风雨，一会艳阳天。空调、冷饮、冰冻水果、凉拌菜……基本上是夏天里的最爱。殊不知，这只是贪得一时痛快，背后往往隐藏着腹泻、腹痛等肠道疾病。据中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院消化内科林莹教授介绍，进入夏季后，因患肠道疾病前往医院就诊的病人，比前几个月上升了20%左右。 Guangzhou recently the weather changes quickly，Typhoon rain for a while，For a while sunny days。Air conditioning、Cold drink、Frozen fruit、Salad...Is basically in the summer of love。Little imagine，This is just a time; you，Hidden behind often diarrhea、Abdominal pain and so on intestinal disease。According to sun yat-sen university sun yat-sen memorial hospital digestion inside colin jade-like stone professor is introduced，After entering the summer，Because suffer from intestinal disease patients to the hospital，The previous months rose 20%。

腹泻有了新病因 Diarrhea have a new cause

　　林莹说，多数人认为拉肚子就是吃错东西，其实，这种认识并不全面。腹泻有感染性和非感染性之分。感染性腹泻占了夏季腹泻的大多数，其中又有细菌感染和病毒感染的区别。常说的“吃错东西”指的是细菌感染，如吃了不干净、隔夜变质、受到污染的食物。病毒感染常见的有感冒导致的腹泻、轮状病毒感染引起的腹泻等。 

LinYing said，Most people think that have loose bowels eat something is wrong，In fact，This kind of understanding is not comprehensive。Diarrhea infectious and non-infectious cent。Infectious diarrhea accounted for most of the summer diarrhea，Among them and bacterial infection and virus infection difference。Often said“Eat something wrong”Refers to the bacterial infection，If it doesn't clean、Overnight metamorphic、Contaminate food。Virus infection common has the cold cause diarrhea、Rotavirus infection causes diarrhea, etc。 

　　非感染性腹泻常见病因有功能性、过敏性、药物相关等等。腹泻型肠易激综合征便属于功能性腹泻，患了此病的病人本身肠道功能紊乱，做过多种检查都没发现器质性病变，容易症状反复，与饮食、精神等因素有密切关系。这类病人也是夏季腹泻的常客。另外，患有器质性疾病的病人，比如炎症性肠病中的溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病等患者，都是夏季腹泻的易感人群。

Non infectious diarrhea common causes are functional、allergic、Drug related, etc。Diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome will belong to the functional diarrhea，Had the patient itself intestinal disorders，Doing a variety of inspection are not found organic lesions，Easy repeatedly symptoms，And diet、There is a close relationship between mental factors。This kind of patient is a regular summer diarrhea。In addition，With organic disease patients，Such as inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis、Patients with crohn's disease, etc，Is summer diarrhea at-risk group。

　　近年来，医生们把过敏性腹泻归类到嗜酸性粒细胞肠炎。门诊会看到有些病人吃了鱼虾后拉肚子前来就医。其实，有时并非这些海鲜不干净，而是因为患者吃下抗原性强的食物(异体蛋白)，肠道出现不同程度的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，这些细胞释放出的物质会引起腹痛、腹泻。

In recent years，The doctors put allergic diarrhea classification to eosinophil enteritis。Outpatient service will see some patients eat after fish have loose bowels to go to a doctor。In fact，Sometimes these seafood is not clean，But because patients eat antigenicity strong food(Foreign protein)，The intestinal appear different degree of eosinophils infiltration，These cells release material can cause abdominal pain、diarrhea。

　　此外，有些病人受到物理刺激后也会出现大便次数增多，如吹空调受了凉、吃了冷冻东西、进行了剧烈运动等。

In addition，Some patients are physical stimulation also can appear defecate number increase，Such as blow air conditioning by cool、Eat frozen things、The strenuous exercise, etc。

预防肠道疾病“五注意”  Intestinal disease prevention“Five attention” 

　　台风季节又雨又热，林莹提出五个注意事项：

The typhoon season and rain and hot，LinYing puts forward five matters needing attention：

　　一。不吃隔夜食物。即使是食物一时吃不完放进冰箱，最好也不要隔日吃，再次食用前要充分加热。因为冰箱并不是消毒柜，大部分细菌都可以在低温环境下生存和繁殖。 

a。Don't eat food overnight。Even if a food eat not to finish in the refrigerator，Also had better not eat on alternate days，Eat again before fully heating。Because the fridge and not disinfection cabinet，Most bacteria can be in low temperature environment survival and reproduction。 

　　二。选择新鲜食物，腐败变质的食物要及时扔掉，海鲜肉类要充分煮熟，生吃的瓜果要彻底洗净，砧板做到生熟分开。 

two。Choose fresh food，Corruption metamorphic food should throw away in time，Seafood meat should fully cooked，Raw fruit to wash，Chopping block to separate born cooked。 

　　三。外出游玩，特别是到东南亚等热带国家，不要光顾卫生状况不佳的路边小摊贩，尽量自带食物和饮用水。 

three。Go outing，Especially to southeast Asia and other tropical countries，Don't patronize health condition not good roadside vendors were，Try to bring their own food and drinking water。 

　　四。患有器质性肠道疾病和肠易激综合征的病人，即使吃干净的食物也要注意，尽量少吃曾导致自己腹泻的食物，如海鲜、山珍等。 

four。With organic intestinal disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients，Even if eat clean food also should pay attention to，Try to eat less has led to his diarrhea of food，Such as seafood、Such as rich。 

　　五。外出回家、饭前便后要洗手。家人团聚切勿暴饮暴食，因为这会降低人体的抵抗力，给细菌、病毒可乘之机。 

five。Out home、Before the rice then empress to wash your hands。Their families do not eat and drink too much，Because it can reduce the human body，To bacteria、Virus symphony。 

严重腹泻不要吃叶菜 Severe diarrhea don't eat leafy vegetables

　　老百姓一旦发现自己患上腹泻怎么办呢？林莹说，轻度腹泻的话，可以用些黄连素、思密达等解决。但是一天拉个十多次，拉的是水样便或蛋花样便，那么就需要到医院进一步治疗，必要时进行补液，以免出现脱水而导致生命危险。有的腹泻是自限性的，如某些病毒感染，病人吃多少抗生素都无法解决，肠道里的黏膜修复好了，腹泻自然就好了。 

People once find themselves suffering from diarrhea？LinYing said，Mild diarrhea words，Can use some of berberine、Think of the secret。But one day pull a more than 10 times，La is watery or eggs and pattern，Then we have to go to hospital further treatment，Necessary fluid infusion，Lest appear dehydration and life-threatening。Some diarrhea is a self-limited，If some virus infection，The patient to eat how many antibiotics can solve，The intestinal mucosal repair well，Diarrhea nature is good。 

　　腹泻发作的时间短的一两天，长的3—5天，如果长达一周仍然不愈，那么病人要到医院做进一步检查明确病因。一旦病人出现发热、头晕、脱水、口干等症状，那么就一定不能拖延时间，应尽快前来医院就医。 

Diarrhea attack time short a day or two，Long 3-5 days，If for a week still not more，So the patient to hospital for further examination clear etiology。Once the patient presented with fever、dizziness、dehydration、Symptoms such as dry mouth，Then must not delay time，Should be to hospital as soon as possible。 

　　林莹提醒，很多人都以为患了腹泻应该饮食清淡，光给腹泻病人吃点青菜，其实，这反而会加重腹泻。像带叶的青菜、燕麦片、番薯、南瓜等粗纤维食物，会促进肠蠕动，腹泻病人不宜食用。患了腹泻应及时补充水分和电解质，像稀粥、软面、瘦肉等都是比较好的选择。(林梢) 

LinYing remind，A lot of people think that had diarrhea should diet light，Light to diarrhea patient eat green vegetables，In fact，But this will aggravate diarrhea。Like the leaves of green vegetables、oats、ipomoea、Pumpkin crude fibre food，Will promote the intestinal peristalsis，Diarrhea patient unfit to eat。Had diarrhea should be timely supplement water and electrolytes，Like gruel、Soft surface、Lean meat is better choice。(Lin tip)