吃味精有害？那是我们冤枉它了 Eat monosodium glutamate harmful？That's what we wronged it

　　其实当今市场上的味精是高度纯化的发酵产物，国际权威的卫生和食品机构也都认为它是安全的

In fact the market monosodium glutamate is highly purified fermentation product，International authoritative health and food agency also think it is safe

　　味精在都市传说中具有许多危害，这些“危害”在不同的传说版本中也不尽相同。许多人“相信”味精有害，除了这些都市传说，很重要的原因是认为它是“化学工业品”。但事实并非如此。

Monosodium glutamate in urban legend has many hazards，these“harm”In the legend of different version is endless also and same。Many people“believe”Monosodium glutamate harmful，In addition to these urban legend，Very important reason is that it is“Chemical industrial products”。But the fact is not the case。

　　近日，著名的科学传播公益团体科学松鼠会(其官方网站为果壳网)为味精正名。

recently，The famous science communication public interest groups science squirrel will(Its official website for fruit shell network)For the monosodium glutamate name。

是高度纯化的发酵产物 Is highly purified fermentation product

　　1907年，日本人蒸发大量海带汤之后得到了谷氨酸钠，发现这个东西尝起来像许多食物中的鲜味。这个东西就是我们说的“味精”。

In 1907,，The Japanese evaporation a large number of kelp soup after the sodium glutamate，Found it tastes like many food of freshness。This thing is what we say“Monosodium glutamate”。

　　最初的味精是水解蛋白质纯化得到的。现代工业生产采用某种擅长分泌谷氨酸的细菌发酵得到。发酵的原料可以用淀粉、甜菜、甘蔗乃至于废糖蜜，使得生产成本大为降低。这个过程跟酒、醋、酱油的生产是类似的。生产过程中不使用“化学原料”。如果把酒、醋和酱油当作“天然产物”的话，味精就应该也是天然产物。如果因为发酵和纯化是工业过程，而把它当作“化工产品”，那么至少白酒也应该被划为“化工产品”。

The original MSG is hydrolyzed protein purification get。Modern industrial production using some good at secretion of glutamic acid fermentation by bacteria。Fermentation materials can use starch、beet、Sugarcane even blackstrap，Makes the production cost greatly reduced。This process with wine、vinegar、Soy sauce production is similar。In the production process does not use“Chemical raw materials”。If wine、Vinegar and soy sauce as“Natural products”words，Monosodium glutamate should also is natural products。If because fermentation and purification is industrial process，And regard it as“Chemical products”，So at least liquor also should be delimited“Chemical products”。

　　谷氨酸是组成蛋白质的20种氨基酸之一，广泛存在于生物体中。但是，被束缚在蛋白质中的谷氨酸不会对味道产生影响，只有游离的谷氨酸才会呈现谷氨酸盐的状态，而产生“鲜”味。在含有水解蛋白的食物中天然存在谷氨酸钠，比如酱油是水解蛋白质得到的，其中的谷氨酸钠含量在1%左右，而奶酪中还要高一些。有些水解的蛋白质，比如水解蛋白粉，或者酵母提取物，其中的谷氨酸钠含量甚至高达5%以上。还有一些蔬菜水果，也天然含有谷氨酸钠，比如葡萄汁、番茄酱、豌豆，都有百分之零点几的谷氨酸钠。这样的浓度，比起产生“鲜味”所需的最低浓度要高多了。

Glutamate is a composition of protein one of 20 kinds of amino acids，Widely exists in living organisms。but，Bound in the protein of glutamic acid will not affect taste，Only free glutamic acid will present glutamate state，And produce“fresh”taste。In contain protein hydrolysate of food in natural existence sodium glutamate，Such as soy sauce is hydrolyzed protein get，One of the sodium glutamate content at around 1%，And in some cheese is even higher。Some of the hydrolysis of protein，Such as hydrolysis albumen powder，Or yeast extract，One of the sodium glutamate content as high as 5% above。Some fruits and vegetables，Also natural contains sodium glutamate，Such as grape juice、ketchup、pea，There are of a fraction of the sodium glutamate。Such concentration，Compared to produce“umami”The minimum concentration to much higher。

　　当今市场上的味精是高度纯化的发酵产物，我国国家标准要求谷氨酸钠含量至少在80%以上，而高纯度味精则要求99%以上。

Today's market monosodium glutamate is highly purified fermentation product，China's national standard sodium glutamate content at least in more than 80%，And high purity monosodium glutamate requires more than 99%。

研究没发现味精的危害 Study didn't find the harm of monosodium glutamate

　　针对味精安全性的研究很多，没有发现过它能产生危害。只有个别动物实验发现在“大剂量”下，对于某种非常敏感的老鼠有产生神经毒性的可能。不过所需要的大剂量远远高于人类食物中可能使用的量，也没有进一步的后续研究。

According to the safety of monosodium glutamate research many，Did not find it can produce harm。Only individual animal experiment found in“Large dose”under，For some very sensitive mice have produced by the nerve toxicity may。But need large dose is far higher than the human food may be the amount used，No further follow-up study。

　　美国FDA、美国医学协会、联合国粮农组织和世卫组织的食品添加剂联合专家组(JECFA)、欧盟委员会食品科学委员会(EFSA)都进行过评估和审查。JECFA和EFSA都认为对味精不必有安全性方面的担心，因此在食品中的使用“没有限制”。美国FDA的一份报告认可“有未知比例的人群可能对味精有所反应”，但是针对整体上的味精，他们赞同JECFA的结论。

The FDA、The American medical association、The United Nations food and agriculture organization (fao) and the world health organization's food additive combined expert group(JECFA)、The European commission food science committee(EFSA)All had assessment and examination。JECFA and EFSA all think of monosodium glutamate need not have worried about safety，So in the use of food“There is no limit”。A report by the American FDA approval“Have unknown proportion of people might be in monosodium glutamate to respond”，But according to the overall level of monosodium glutamate，They agree with JECFA conclusion。

鸡精主要成分还是味精 Chicken main ingredients or monosodium glutamate

　　“鸡精”这个名字起得非常成功，再配以包装上画的大母鸡，给人感觉鸡精是“鸡的精华”。鸡精的销售，也大有取代味精之势。

“Chicken essence”This name was a success，Match again with painted on the packing of the hen，Give a person feel chicken essence is“Chicken essence”。Chicken sales，Also have the potential to replace monosodium glutamate。

　　鸡精的主要成分还是味精，只是味精是单一的谷氨酸钠，而鸡精是一种复合调味料，其中的谷氨酸钠含量在40%左右。鸡精中除了味精之外，还有淀粉(用来形成颗粒状)、增味核苷酸(增加味精的味道)、糖、其它香料。增味核苷酸本身也能产生鲜味。跟味精混合之后，所得的鲜味会大大超过二者单独的鲜味之和。这就是所谓的“协同作用”。严格说来，还应该有一些来自于鸡的成分比如鸡肉粉、鸡油等，来产生鸡的味道。但是，由于来自鸡的成分比较贵，为了降低成本，厂家可能完全不用鸡的成分。所以说，你买的鸡精中是否含有来自于鸡的成分，完全取决于生产厂家，消费者基本上不可能从产品来进行判断。

The main components of the chicken or monosodium glutamate，Just monosodium glutamate is single sodium glutamate，And chicken essence is a kind of compound seasoning，One of the sodium glutamate content at around 40%。Chicken essence, in addition to outside monosodium glutamate，And starch(Used to form granular)、Flavoring nucleotide(Increase the flavor of monosodium glutamate)、sugar、Other spices。Flavoring nucleotide itself can also produce umami。After mixing with monosodium glutamate，The freshness will greatly exceed the sum of two separate freshness。This is the so-called“synergy”。Strictly speaking，There should be some from chicken ingredients such as chicken powder、Chicken oil etc，To generate the taste of chicken。but，Coming from chicken composition is more expensive，In order to reduce the cost，Manufacturers may completely don't chicken composition。so，You buy chicken essence of whether it contains from chicken composition，Totally depends on manufacturers，Consumer basically impossible from product to judgment。

　　味精的成分单一，在食物中主要增加“鲜”味。鸡精、蘑菇精等复合调味料的的成分复杂，一般而言，“香”味更浓郁一些。不管是哪种精，只要它能产生“鲜味”，就都含有味精。只不过经过仔细的配方，复合香精产生鲜味的效率更高，也可以满足不同的特定需求。(重庆晨报综合)

Monosodium glutamate composition single，In food mainly increase“fresh”taste。Chicken essence、Mushrooms, such as pure compound seasoning ingredients of the complex，Generally speaking，“sweet”Taste more concentrated some。No matter what kind of fine，As long as it can produce“umami”，Will contain MSG。Only after careful formula，Composite essence produce umami more efficient，Can meet different specific needs。(Chongqing morning comprehensive)

　　纠正一种消费观念，让人们可以毫无心理障碍地食用味精。这看似一桩只与烹饪调味有关的生活小事，实际上，它不光关系中华美食的声誉和市场，更是关乎国计民生的大事———我国是味精生产和消费大国，只有科学地对味精消费进行宣传，才有益于国民经济的发展，更有益于提高人民生活质量。

A correct consumption concept，Let people can no psychological obstacle edible monosodium glutamate。This may seem like a pile only with cooking seasoning related small life，In fact，It not only relation Chinese cuisine reputation and market，But also for the people's livelihood event --, our country is monosodium glutamate production and consumption power，Only scientific monosodium glutamate consumption propagandize，To help the development of national economy，It is beneficial to improve people's quality of life。