把脉“控烟”难局 pulse“Smoke control”Difficult bureau

　　由于烟草业涉及多个部门及地方政府切身利益，控烟往往流于形式。

Due to the tobacco industry involves many departments and local government interests，Smoke control often become a mere formality。

　　卫生部最近首次发布《中国吸烟危害健康报告》称，我国吸烟人群逾3亿人，约占全球吸烟者总数的1/3。另有约7.4亿不吸烟人群遭受二手烟的危害，每年因吸烟相关疾病所致死亡人数超过100万。

The ministry of health recently released for the first time《China's cigarette smoking is a health hazard report》says，More than 300 million people in smokers，Accounts for about one third of the total global smokers。Some 740 million people do not smoke from the dangers of secondhand smoke，Every year from smoking related diseases caused by death toll is more than 1 million。

　　在7月12日在北京召开的“2012年中国控烟论坛”上，与会专家指出，如果不加以有效控烟，至2050年，中国每年因吸烟相关疾病所致死亡人数将突破300万。

On July 12, held in Beijing“In 2012, China smoke control BBS”on，The expert points out，If you don't make effective smoke control，To 2050，Every year China from smoking related diseases caused by the death toll will break 3 million。

　　按照中国于2003年11月10日与世界卫生组织签署的《烟草控制框架公约》，自2011年1月9日起，中国将在所有室内公共场所、室内工作场所、公共交通工具和其他可能的室外公共场所完全禁止吸烟。

According to China in November of 2003 10 and signed by the world health organization《The framework convention on tobacco control》，Since January 9, 2011 up，China will in all indoor public places、Indoor workplaces、Public transport and other possible outdoor public places a complete ban smoking。

　　但至今，中国控烟现状仍不容乐观。

But so far，China smoking control present situation is not optimistic。

　　“在我国，烟草业干扰控烟的情况非常严重，最主要的原因就是国家烟草专卖局与中国烟草总公司政企不分。”中国法学会行政法研究会副会长、中国政法大学法学院教授刘莘接受《瞭望》新闻周刊记者采访时说。

“In our country，The tobacco industry interference of tobacco control situation is very serious，The main reason is that the state tobacco monopoly administration and China national tobacco corporation indistinction。”Law under China law society, administrative law research board vice-chairman、China politics and law university law school professor LiuShen accept《lookout》Newsweek reporter to interview。

　　在刘莘看来，对于中国控烟，政企分开是法治的开端和延伸。只有切断政府与企业之间的利益链条，政府才能科学立法与严格执法，因为“烟草业的利益和公共卫生政策之间存在着根本且无法和解的冲突。”

In LiuShen seems，For China's tobacco control，Separate government functions from enterprise management is the beginning of the rule of law and extension。Only cut off between the government and enterprises in the interests of the chain，The government can scientific legislation and strict law enforcement，because“The tobacco industry interests and public health policy exists between the fundamental and can't compromise of conflict。”

公共场所吸烟“禁而不止” Smoking in public places“JinErBuZhi”

　　8月10日中午，位于北京市大兴区黄村的一家餐馆里，尽管墙上挂着禁烟标志，但仍有几位客人旁若无人地“吞云吐雾”。

At noon on August 10,，Located at Beijing daxing overhead restaurant，Although the non-smoking sign hung on the wall，But there are still a few guests shamelessly“Blow a cloud”。

　　“小本生意主要靠回头客捧场，劝阻他们抽烟又怕得罪客人。不劝阻又担心部分不吸烟的客人流失。”这家餐馆老板为难地对本刊记者说，“还是睁只眼闭只眼算了，反正也没什么部门来查。”

“Small business depend mainly on repeat pay tribute，Dissuade them against smoking again afraid guests。Don't discourage and worry about part not smoking guest loss。”This restaurant boss perplexedly to this reporter said，“Still keep eye closed eye forget it，Anyway, also nothing important department to check。”

　　这位餐馆老板的顾虑，正折射出中国控烟现状。按照卫生部的新规，公共场所经营者应当设置醒目的禁止吸烟警语和标志。然而，在一些餐厅、网吧、游乐场等公共场所，极少有人出面有效劝阻吸烟者。

The restaurant boss's concerns，Positive refractive out of China tobacco control present situation。According to the ministry of health of the new gauge，Public business operator shall set eye-catching no smoking cautions and mark。however，In some restaurant、Internet bar、Amusement parks and other public places，Very few people to effective dissuade smokers。

　　“从1950年以来，烟草的危害被大量科学事实所证实。”刘莘介绍，“1964年，美国政府发表有关烟草危害的卫生总监报告，这是第一次以政府的名义确认烟草的危害。而现在，控制烟草危害，是一个世界性课题。”

“Since 1950，The dangers of tobacco is a large number of scientific facts have proved。”LiuShen introduced，“In 1964,，The us government has released on tobacco hazard health director report，This is the first time in the name of the government confirmed the dangers of tobacco。And now，Tobacco hazard control，Is a worldwide topic。”

　　世界卫生组织(WHO)统计数字显示，全世界每年因吸烟死亡的人数高达600万，超过因艾滋病、结核、疟疾导致的死亡人数之和。其中，吸烟者死亡约540万，即平均每6秒钟有1个吸烟者死亡，现在吸烟者中将来会有一半死于吸烟相关疾病；因二手烟暴露所造成的非吸烟者年死亡人数约为60万。

The world health organization(WHO)Statistics show that，Every year around the world because of smoking death toll reaches as high as 6 million，More than because of AIDS、tuberculosis、Malaria deaths in the sum。the，Smokers death of about 5.4 million，Namely average every 6 seconds one death smokers，Now in smokers will have half die from smoking related diseases；Because of the secondhand smoke exposure caused by non-smokers years the death toll is about 600000。

　　中国疾控中心发布的《2011年中国控制吸烟报告》显示，中国每天有超过3000人死于吸烟导致的相关疾病。有一半的长期吸烟者是死亡于吸烟导致的相关疾病，比如心脏病、慢性肺病及癌症。

The Chinese CDC issued《In 2011, China control smoking report》display，China Daily has more than 3000 people die from smoking related diseases caused。Half of the long-term smokers are death from smoking related diseases caused，Such as heart disease、Chronic lung disease and cancer。

　　目前，烟草的巨大危害已成为多数国家的共识。2003年5月，世界卫生组织192个成员一致通过《烟草控制框架公约》，迄今已有172个缔约方。2003年11月10日，中国成为该公约第77个签约国。

At present，The huge harm tobacco has become the consensus of most countries。In May 2003，The world health organization 192 members unanimously《The framework convention on tobacco control》，So far 172 contracting party。On November 10, 2003，China has become the convention 77th signatory。

　　在过去几年，中国做了大量控烟工作，不但积极推进无烟医院和无烟城市项目，而且还力推戒烟，目前已有4个城市开通了“12320”戒烟热线。

In the past few years，China made a lot of smoke control work，Not only actively promote smokeless hospitals and smokeless city project，But also push to give up smoking，There are four cities opened“12320”Quit smoking hotline。

　　2011年5月1日，卫生部修订后的《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》正式实施，全国7大类28小类室内公共场所全面禁烟。2012年5月，卫生部发布了《中国吸烟危害健康报告》。该报告陈述了烟草使用的危害、说明了二手烟对健康的影响，强调了戒烟的重要性。

On May 1, 2011，The ministry of health revised《Public health management detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations》Formal implementation，The seven categories and small class indoor public places a complete ban on smoking。In May 2012，The ministry of health issued a《China's cigarette smoking is a health hazard report》。The report stated the harm of tobacco use、Illustrates the health impact of secondhand smoke，Emphasized the importance of smoking。

　　同时，有关禁烟的地方性法规纷纷出台。比如今年天津、哈尔滨正式实施“禁烟立法条例”，这是迄今为止，国内最符合《烟草控制框架公约》要求的两部法规，它要求室内公共场所百分之百禁止吸烟。

At the same time，The local regulations on smoking in succession。Such as this year, tianjin、Harbin formal implementation“Legislative regulations ban”，This is so far，Domestic most conforms to the《The framework convention on tobacco control》Requirements of the two regulations，It requires indoor public places one hundred percent no smoking。

　　但从目前来看，中国控烟形势依然严峻，各种法规实施效果并不理想，控烟工作任重道远。

In the immediate term，China smoking control situation is still severe，All kinds of rules and regulations implementation effect is not ideal，Smoke control work shoulder heavy responsibilities。

　　全国人大常委会委员、中国工程院院士、中华预防医学会会长王陇德认为，从总体来说，国民对吸烟危害的认识和控烟意识没有大的改变。“教师、医生吸烟率仍然很高，许多公务员还在办公大楼里吸烟。”

The standing committee of the National People's Congress、Chinese academy of engineering、The preventive medicine association President WangLongDe think，From the overall，National on smoking hazard recognition and smoke control consciousness without big changes。“The teacher、The doctor smoking rates remain high，Many civil servants in the office building is still in smoking。”