中新网10月10日电 卫生部今日在其官方网站上发布《防治骨质疏松知识要点》，防治要点提醒，骨质疏松症是可防可治的慢性病，勿过量饮酒，平均每天至少20分钟日照。以下是全文：

Beijing on October 10, the ministry of health issued today in its official website[Prevention osteoporosis knowledge points],Control points to remind,Osteoporosis is can prevent chronic diseases can be cured,Do not excessive drinking,At least 20 minutes a day on average sunshine.The following is the full text:

　　

一、骨质疏松防治的11点提示 a/Osteoporosis prevention 11 o 'clock prompt

　　(一)骨质疏松症是可防可治的慢性病。

(a)Osteoporosis is can prevent chronic diseases can be cured.

　　(二)人的各个年龄阶段都应当注重骨质疏松的预防，婴幼儿和年轻人的生活方式都与成年后骨质疏松的发生有密切联系。

(two)Each age stage should pay attention to prevention of osteoporosis,Infants and young people's way of life and adult after the occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related.

　　(三)富含钙、低盐和适量蛋白质的均衡饮食对预防骨质疏松有益。

(three)Rich in calcium/Low salt and moderate protein a balanced diet to prevent osteoporosis beneficial.

　　(四)无论男性或女性，吸烟都会增加骨折的风险。

(four)No matter male or female,Smoking will increase the risk of fracture.

　　(五)不过量饮酒。每日饮酒量应当控制在标准啤酒570ml、白酒60ml、葡萄酒240ml或开胃酒120ml之内。

(five)Not excessive drinking.Daily alcohol consumption should control in the standard 570 ml beer/Liquor 60 ml/Wine 240 ml or aperitif within 120 ml.

　　(六)步行或跑步等能够起到提高骨强度的作用。

(six)Walking or running can have such as to improve the effect of bone strength.

　　(七)平均每天至少20分钟日照。充足的光照会对维生素D的生成及钙质吸收起到非常关键的作用。

(seven)At least 20 minutes a day on average sunshine.Adequate lighting for production of vitamin D and calcium absorption plays a key role.

　　(八)负重运动可以让身体获得及保持最大的骨强度。

(eight)Weight-bearing exercise can make body to gain and keep the maximum bone strength.

　　(九)预防跌倒。老年人90%以上的骨折由跌倒引起。

(nine)Fall prevention.The elderly more than 90% of the fracture caused by falling.

　　(十)高危人群应当尽早到正规医院进行骨质疏松检测，早诊断。

(ten)The high risk population should be as early as possible to normal hospital for osteoporosis detection,Early diagnosis.

　　(十一)相对不治疗而言，骨质疏松症任何阶段开始治疗都不晚，但早诊断和早治疗会大大受益。

(eleven)In terms of the relative treatment,Osteoporosis any stage is never too late to start treatment,But early diagnosis and early treatment will greatly benefit.

　　

二、知识要点 two/Knowledge points

　　(一)什么是骨质疏松症？

(a)What is the osteoporosis?

　　骨质疏松症是中老年人最常见的骨骼疾病。

Osteoporosis is the most common in old people of bone disease.

　　骨质疏松症是一种全身性疾病，它的主要特征是骨矿物质含量低下、骨结构破坏、骨强度降低、易发生骨折。

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease,Its main feature is low bone mineral content/Bone structure damage/Bone strength reduce/Easy fracture.

　　疼痛、驼背、身高降低和骨折是骨质疏松症的特征性表现。但有许多骨质疏松症患者在疾病早期常无明显的感觉。

pain/humpback/Height reduction and fracture is osteoporosis characteristic performance.But there are a lot of osteoporosis patients early in the course of disease often does not have apparent feeling.

　　骨质疏松性骨折是脆性骨折，通常在日常负重、活动、弯腰和跌倒后发生。

Osteoporosis fracture is brittle fracture,Usually in the daily load/activities/Bend down and fall occurred after.

　　骨折是骨质疏松症的直接后果，轻者影响机体功能，重则致残甚至致死。常见的骨折部位是腰背部、髋部和手臂。

Fracture is the direct consequence of osteoporosis,Light person affect the body function,Heavy then causes damage and even death.Common fracture position is the small of the back/Hips and arm.

　　(二)骨质疏松症的危害。

(two)The harm of osteoporosis.

　　骨质疏松症是第四位常见的慢性疾病，也是中老年最常见的骨骼疾病。

Osteoporosis is the fourth common chronic diseases,Old age is the most common bone disease.

　　骨质疏松症被称为沉默的杀手。骨折是骨质疏松症的严重后果，常是部分骨质疏松症患者的首发症状和就诊原因。髋部骨折后第一年内由于各种并发症死亡率达到20－25%。存活者中50%以上会有不同程度的残疾。

Osteoporosis is called silent killer.Osteoporosis fracture is serious consequences,Is often part of the patients with osteoporosis starting symptoms and reasons to see a doctor.The first year after hip fracture due to various complications, mortality rate up to 20-25%.More than 50% of the survivors will have different degree of disability.

　　一个骨质疏松性髋部骨折的患者每年的直接经济负担是32,776元人民币。中国每年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的直接经济负担是 1080亿元人民币。

A osteoporotic hip fracture patients annual direct economic burden is 32,776 yuan RMB.Every year China osteoporotic hip fracture of direct economic burden is 108 billion yuan RMB.

　　(三)发生骨质疏松症的病因。

(three)Develop osteoporosis etiology.

　　骨质疏松症受先天因素和后天因素影响。先天因素指种族、性别、年龄及家族史；后天因素包括药物、疾病、营养及生活方式等。年老、女性绝经、男性性功能减退都是导致骨质疏松症的原因。

Osteoporosis is congenital factors and acquired factors.Congenital factors refer to race/gender/Age and family history;The day after tomorrow factors include drug/disease/Nutrition and lifestyle.old/Postmenopausal women/Male sexual function decline are the cause of the lead to osteoporosis.

　　(四)骨质疏松症的高危人群。

(four)Osteoporosis high-risk groups.

　　有以下因素者属于骨质疏松症的高危人群：老龄；女性绝经；母系家族史(尤其髋部骨折家族史)；低体重；性激素低下；吸烟；过度饮酒或咖啡；体力活动少；饮食中钙和/或维生素D缺乏(光照少或摄入少)；有影响骨代谢的疾病；应用影响骨代谢的药物。

Have the following factors person belongs to the osteoporosis high-risk groups:aging;Postmenopausal women;Matrilineal family history(Especially hip fracture family history);Low weight;Low sex hormones;smoking;Excessive drinking or coffee;Physical activity less;Dietary calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency(Light fewer or less intake);Have an impact on bone metabolism of disease;Application affect bone metabolism drugs.

　　(五)骨质疏松症的预防。

(five)Osteoporosis prevention.

　　骨质疏松症可防可治。

Osteoporosis can prevent remedy.

　　人的各个年龄阶段都应当注重骨质疏松的预防，婴幼儿和年轻人的生活方式都与骨质疏松的发生有密切联系。

Each age stage should pay attention to prevention of osteoporosis,Infants and young people's way of life and the occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related.

　　人体骨骼中的矿物含量在30多岁达到最高，医学上称之为峰值骨量。峰值骨量越高，就相当于人体中的“骨矿银行”储备越多，到老年发生骨质疏松症的时间越推迟，程度也越轻。

The human body bone mineral content in more than 30 years to achieve the highest,Medical professionals call peak bone mass.The higher peak bone mass,Is equivalent to the human body"Bone mineral bank"Reserve more,To the old develop osteoporosis the delay time,Degree and the lighter.

　　老年后积极改善饮食和生活方式，坚持钙和维生素D的补充可预防或减轻骨质疏松。

After the old actively improve diet and lifestyle,Adhere to the calcium and vitamin D supplements can prevent or mitigate osteoporosis.

　　均衡饮食：增加饮食中钙及适量蛋白质的摄入，低盐饮食。钙质的摄入对于预防骨质疏松症具有不可替代的作用。嗜烟、酗酒、过量摄入咖啡因和高磷饮料会增加骨质疏松的发病危险。

Balanced diet:Increasing diet adequate calcium and protein intake,Low-salt diet.Calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis has irreplaceable function.smoke/drinking/Excess intake of caffeine and high phosphorus beverages can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

　　适量运动：人体的骨组织是一种有生命的组织，人在运动中肌肉的活动会不停地刺激骨组织，使骨骼更强壮。运动还有助于增强机体的反应性，改善平衡功能，减少跌倒的风险。这样骨质疏松症就不容易发生。

Moderate exercise:Bone tissue of the human body is a living tissue,People in motion muscle activity will constantly stimulate bone tissue,To make bones strong.Exercise also helps to strengthen the reactivity,Improve balance function,To reduce the risk of falls.Such osteoporosis is not likely to happen.

　　增加日光照射：中国人饮食中所含维生素D非常有限，大量的维生素D3依赖皮肤接受阳光紫外线的照射后合成。经常接受阳光照射会对维生素D的生成及钙质吸收起到非常关键的作用。正常人平均每天至少20分钟日照。

Increase sun exposure:The Chinese diet contains vitamin D is very limited,A large number of vitamin D3 rely on the skin to sunlight uv exposure after synthesis.Often exposure to sunlight for production of vitamin D and calcium absorption plays a key role.Normal person at least 20 minutes a day on average sunshine.

　　提示：防晒霜、遮阳伞也会使女性骨质疏松几率加大。平时户外光照不足的情况下，出门又要涂上厚厚的防晒霜或者用遮阳伞，会影响体内维生素D的合成。

tip:sunscreen/Sunshade also can make women more risk of osteoporosis.At ordinary times outdoor illumination under the condition of insufficient,Go out and want to slap on the sunscreen or thick with sunshade,Will influence the synthesis of vitamin D.

　　(六)早诊断、规范治疗，降低危害。

(six)Early diagnosis/Standardized treatment,Reduce harm.

　　骨质疏松症任何阶段开始治疗都比不治疗好。及早得到正规检查，规范用药，可以最大程度降低骨折发生风险，缓解骨痛等症状，提高生活质量。

Osteoporosis any stage began to treatment than not treated well.Early get normal inspection,Standard drugs,Can reduce the risk of fractures occur to the greatest extent,Alleviate the symptom such as bone pain,Improve the quality of life.

　　骨质疏松的预防和治疗需在医生指导下进行，其防治策略包括基础措施和药物治疗两部分。

The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should be under the guidance of a doctor to,The preventive strategies including basic measures and drug therapy of two parts.

　　基础措施包括调整生活方式和骨健康基本补充剂。调整生活方式：富含钙、低盐和适量蛋白质的均衡饮食；注意适当户外运动；避免嗜烟、酗酒；慎用影响骨代谢的药物；采取防止跌倒的各种措施。骨健康基本补充剂包括钙剂和维生素D。

Basic measures include adjustments to the way of life and bone health basic supplements.Lifestyle changes:Rich in calcium/Low salt and moderate protein a balanced diet;Pay attention to appropriate outdoor sports;Avoid tobacco/drinking;Careful with affect bone metabolism drugs;Take various measures to prevent fall.Bone health basic supplements including calcium and vitamin D.

　　药物治疗包括抗骨吸收药物、促进骨形成药物以及一些多重机制的药物。必须在医师的指导下应用。

Drug therapy including bone absorption drug resistance/Promote bone formation drugs and some multiple mechanism of the drug.Must be under the guidance of doctors in application.

　　(七)骨质疏松症高危人群的自我检测。

(seven)Osteoporosis high-risk groups of self check.

　　提示：高危人群应当尽早到正规医院进行骨质疏松检测，做到早诊断、早预防、早治疗。

tip:The high risk population should be as early as possible to normal hospital for osteoporosis detection,Do early diagnosis/Early prevention/Early treatment.

　　以下问题可以帮助进行骨质疏松症高危情况的自我检测，任何一项回答为“是”者，则为高危人群，应当到骨质疏松专科门诊就诊：

The following question can help for osteoporosis high-risk situation self check,Any a answer for"is"person,It is the high risk population,Ought to be osteoporosis specialist out-patient clinic:

　　1.您是否曾经因为轻微的碰撞或者跌倒就会伤到自己的骨骼？

1. Have you ever for slight collision or fall will hurt their bones?

　　2.您连续3个月以上服用激素类药品吗？

2. You three consecutive months above taking hormone drug?

　　3.您的身高是否比年轻时降低了三厘米？

3. Your height is greater than young when reduce the three centimeters?

　　4.您经常过度饮酒吗？(每天饮酒2次，或一周中只有1－2天不饮酒)

4. You often binge drinking?(Daily drinking 2 times,Or a week, only 1 to 2 days without drinking)

　　5.您每天吸烟超过20支吗？

5. Every day more than 20 cigarettes you smoke?

　　6.您经常腹泻吗？(由于腹腔疾病或者肠炎而引起)

You often diarrhea?(Due to the celiac disease or enteritis and cause)

　　7.父母有没有轻微碰撞或跌倒就会发生髋部骨折的情况？

7. Parents have a slight collision or fall will happen of hip fracture?

　　8.女士回答：您是否在45岁之前就绝经了？

8. The lady replied:You are at a 45 years old before the menopause?

　　9.您是否曾经有过连续12个月以上没有月经(除了怀孕期间)？

9. Did you ever had 12 consecutive months above without menstruation(In addition to pregnancy)?

　　10.男士回答：您是否患有阳痿或者缺乏性欲这些症状？

10. A man answered:Do you suffer from impotence or lack of sexual desire these symptoms?

　　提示：高龄、低体重女性尤其需要注意骨质疏松，医生常用“瘦小老太太”来形容这类高危人群。此外，缺乏运动、缺乏光照对年轻人来讲同样是骨质疏松的危险因素。

tip:old/Low weight women especially need to pay attention to osteoporosis,Doctors used"Little old lady"To describe this kind of high-risk groups.In addition,Lack of exercise/Lack of light to the young speaking is also a risk factor for osteoporosis.

　　(八)骨质疏松症的误区。

(eight)Osteoporosis mistakes.

　　1.喝骨头汤能防止骨质疏松。实验证明同样一碗牛奶中的钙含量，远远高于一碗骨头汤。对老人而言，骨头汤里溶解了大量骨内的脂肪，经常食用还可能引起其他健康问题。要注意饮食的多样化，少食油腻，坚持喝牛奶，不宜过多食入蛋白质和咖啡因。

1. Drink bone soup can prevent osteoporosis.Experiments show the same bowl in the milk calcium content,Far higher than a bowl of bone soup.For old people,Bone soup dissolve a lot of fat within the bone,Regular consumption can also cause other health problems.To pay attention to the diversity of the diet,Little cooking oil,Adhere to drink milk,Unfavorable and overmuch eating protein and caffeine.

　　2.治疗骨质疏松症等于补钙。简单来讲骨质疏松症是骨代谢的异常(人体内破骨细胞影响大于成骨细胞，以及骨吸收的速度超过骨形成速度)造成的。因此骨质疏松症的治疗不是单纯补钙，而是综合治疗，提高骨量、增强骨强度和预防骨折。患者应当到正规医院进行诊断和治疗。

2. The treatment of osteoporosis is equal to calcium.The simple meaning of osteoporosis is bone metabolic abnormalities(The body osteoclast greater influence than osteoblast,And bone absorption at a faster rate than bone formation rate)Caused by the.Therefore osteoporosis treatment is not merely filling calcium,But comprehensive treatment,Increase bone mass/Strengthen bone strength and help prevent fractures.Patients should be to normal hospital diagnosis and treatment.

　　3.骨质疏松症是老年人特有的现象，与年轻人无关。骨质疏松症并非是老年人的“专利”，如果年轻时期忽视运动，常常挑食或节食，饮食结构不均衡，导致饮食中钙的摄入少，体瘦，又不拒绝不良嗜好，这样达不到理想的骨骼峰值量和质量，就会使骨质疏松症有机会侵犯年轻人，尤其是年轻的女性。因此，骨质疏松症的预防要及早开始，使年轻时期获得理想的骨峰值。

3. Osteoporosis is aged phenomenon,Has nothing to do with the young man.Osteoporosis is not the elderly"patent",If a young age to ignore movement,Often piddle or go on a diet,Diet structure is balanced,Lead to dietary calcium intake less,Body thin,And don't refuse to bad habits,Like this cannot achieve the ideal bone peak quantity and quality,Can make the osteoporosis have the opportunity to infringe upon the young man,Especially young women.therefore,Osteoporosis prevention to start early,Make a young age obtain ideal bone peak.

　　4.老年人治疗骨质疏松症为时已晚。很多老年人认为骨质疏松症无法逆转，到老年期治疗已没有效果，为此放弃治疗，这是十分可惜的。从治疗的角度而言，治疗越早，效果越好。所以，老年人一旦确诊为骨质疏松症，应当接受正规治疗，减轻痛苦，提高生活质量。

4. The elderly to treat osteoporosis too late.Many old people think osteoporosis to reverse it,To old age and treatment has no effect,Therefore give up treatment,It is very regrettable.From the point of view of the treatment for,Treatment the earlier,The better the results.so,Old people once diagnosed with osteoporosis,Shall be subject to regular treatment,Relieve pain,Improve the quality of life.

　　5.靠自我感觉发现骨质疏松症。多数骨质疏松症病人在初期都不出现异常感觉或感觉不明显。发现骨质疏松症不能靠自我感觉，不要等到发觉自己腰背痛或骨折时再去诊治。高危人群无论有无症状，应当定期去具备双能X线吸收仪的医院进行骨密度检查，有助于了解您的骨密度变化。

5. By feel found osteoporosis.Most osteoporosis patients in early all don't appear unusual feeling or feel is not obvious.Find osteoporosis can't rely on myself,Don't wait to find myself low back pain or fracture again to make a diagnosis and give treatment.The high risk population with or without symptoms,Shall regularly to have dual energy X-ray absorption instrument hospital check bone mineral density,Help to understand your bone mineral density changes.

　　6.骨质疏松症是小病，治疗无须小题大做。骨质疏松症平时不只是腰酸腿痛而已，一旦发生脆性骨折，尤其老年患者的髋部骨折，导致长期卧床，死亡率甚高。

6. Osteoporosis is ailment,Treatment does not need to make a mountain out of a molehill.Osteoporosis usually not only the waist sour leg pain just,Once produce brittle fracture,Especially the elderly patients with hip fracture,Lead to long-term bed,Mortality rate is very high.

　　7.骨质疏松症治疗自己吃药就可以了，无需看专科医生。对于已经确诊骨质疏松症的患者，应当及早到正规医院，接受专科医生的综合治疗。

7. Osteoporosis treatment yourself take medicine can the,Need not see a specialist.For has been diagnosed patients with osteoporosis,Should as soon as possible to normal hospital,Accept a specialist treatment.

　　8.骨质疏松容易发生骨折，宜静不宜动。保持正常的骨密度和骨强度需要不断地运动刺激，缺乏运动就会造成骨量丢失。体育锻炼对于防止骨质疏松具有积极作用。另外，如果不注意锻炼身体，出现骨质疏松，肌力也会减退，对骨骼的刺激进一步减少。这样，不仅会加快骨质疏松的发展，还会影响关节的灵活性，容易跌倒，造成骨折。

8. Osteoporosis prone to fracture,Appropriate static shoulds not be moving.Maintain normal bone mineral density and bone strength need constant motion stimulus,Lack of exercise can cause bone loss.Physical exercise to prevent osteoporosis has the positive role.In addition,If we do not pay attention to exercise,Appear osteoporosis,Muscle will also decline,To further reduce the stimulation of bone.this,Not only will accelerate the development of osteoporosis,Can also affect joint flexibility,Easy to fall,Cause fracture.

　　9.骨折手术后，骨骼就正常了。发生骨折，往往意味着骨质疏松症已经十分严重。骨折手术只是针对局部病变的治疗方式，而全身骨骼发生骨折的风险并未得到改变。因此，我们不但要积极治疗骨折，还需要客观评价自己的骨骼健康程度，以便及时诊断和治疗骨质疏松症，防止再次发生骨折。

9. Fracture surgery,Bone is normal.fracture,Often means that osteoporosis has very serious.Fracture surgery only for local lesion treatments,And the whole body bone fracture risk has not been changed.therefore,We not only should treat actively fracture,Also need an objective evaluation of their own bones healthy level,In order to timely diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis,Prevent fracture again.