●我国是严重碘缺乏的国家，除高水碘地区外，绝大多数居民应食碘盐

- China is serious iodine deficiency country,In addition to high water iodine outside the region,Most residents should be food iodate

　　●我国做过多次监测与调整，目前居民摄碘量处于适宜水平，吃碘盐不会导致碘过量

China had made many monitoring and adjustment,The present household perturbation iodine quantity in the appropriate level,Eat iodate would not cause iodine excess

　　近日，有网友称：甲状腺癌在癌症中的发病率已从第十五位升至第五位，主要原因是吃加碘盐造成的；我国沿海地区居民常吃富含碘的海产品，不需要吃加碘盐。这些传言是否属实？人民日报“求证”栏目记者就此采访了有关部门及专家。

recently,Have net friend say:Thyroid carcinoma in cancer incidence of already rose from 15th place to fifth place,The main reason is caused by the eat iodized salt;China's coastal area residents often eat seafood rich in iodine,Don't need to eat iodized salt.These rumours is true?People's Daily"verification"Column the reporter interviewed the relevant departments and experts.

　　疑问一：加碘盐易诱发甲状腺癌？ Doubt a:Iodized salt easily induced thyroid carcinoma?

　　【回应】 甲状腺癌与遗传、自身免疫性及精神因素有关；补碘的益处远大于碘过量引起的风险

[response] Thyroid carcinoma and genetic/Autoimmune and spiritual factors;Complement iodine benefits far outweigh the risk of excessive iodine caused

　　“所谓甲状腺癌增多与食盐碘过量有关的说法并不准确。”卫生部疾病预防控制局国家卫生监督专员肖东楼介绍，“从全球范围看,近年来包括甲状腺癌在内的多数肿瘤都呈上升态势。甲状腺癌与食盐加碘存在某种联系的推论依据不充分， 相反，采取补碘干预可使甲状腺癌向低恶性转化的结论，已被广泛认同。”

"The so-called increased thyroid carcinoma with salt iodine excess related is not accurate."The ministry of health bureau of disease prevention and control national health supervision and specialist XiaoDong floor is introduced,"From around the world to see,In recent years include thyroid cancer, most tumors are is on the rise.Thyroid carcinoma and salt iodize exist some connection reasoning based on inadequate, instead,Take complement iodine intervention can make the thyroid carcinoma to low malignant transformation of the conclusion,Has been widely recognized."

　　针对“甲状腺癌高发”的观点，上海市第一人民医院内分泌代谢科主任医师吴艺捷坦言，在临床中确实发现患有甲状腺疾病的病人增多的现象。“但这不等于甲状腺疾病发病率增加。”据他介绍，现在的医学检查手段比以往先进，穿刺技术可以发现1厘米以下的肿瘤，而在以前只能靠手触摸。

According to"Thyroid cancer high-risk"Point of view,Shanghai first people's hospital endocrine metabolism section chief physician WuYiJie said,In the clinical really found that people with thyroid disease patients increased phenomenon."But that does not mean thyroid disease incidence rate increase."According to he introduced,Now the medical examination means advanced than ever before,Puncture technology can be found below 1 cm tumor,But in the past can only armrest touch.

　　“碘缺乏或碘过量，都可能导致甲状腺疾病的发生。”肖东楼说，碘过量可使甲亢的危险性升高，也会使隐性的甲状腺自身免疫性疾病转变为显性疾病。

"Iodine deficiency and iodine excess,May result in thyroid disease."XiaoDong floor said,Iodine excess can make the risk of hyperthyroidism rise,Also can make recessive thyroid autoimmune diseases into dominant disease.

　　日常食用加碘盐，会带来碘过量吗？北京协和医院内分泌科教授戴为信说：“从严格定义来讲，我国绝大多数人应该食用碘盐，因为碘盐里面的碘是微量的，是一个基本量。目前并没有相关证据表明过量食用加碘盐与甲状腺疾病有直接关系。”

Everyday edible iodized salt,Will bring iodine excess?Beijing union medical college hospital endocrinology professor wear for letter said:"Will tell from strict definition,Our country most people should eat iodate,Because iodate inside of iodine is the trace,Is a basic quantity.There is no evidence shows that excessive edible iodized salt and thyroid disease has a direct relationship."

　　吴艺捷介绍说，总体来说，我国居民摄碘量处于适宜水平，但也不排除个别地区的特殊情况。而且，人的甲状腺激素合成是一个动态平衡状态，偶尔过量服用，人体会自然排泄，不会在体内无限制积累。

WuYiJie said,overall,Our country residents perturbation iodine quantity in the appropriate level,But also don't expel individual areas of the special circumstances.and,The thyroid hormone synthesis is a dynamic equilibrium state,Occasionally overdose,A person experience natural drainage,Not in the body unrestricted accumulation.

　　据专家介绍，世界卫生组织推荐成人每日碘摄入量为150—300微克，欧盟和美国的医学研究机构认为成人碘摄入可耐受上限分别为每日600微克和1100微克。我国碘盐平均含碘量为30毫克/千克。按每人每日摄入盐5—10克计算，每日摄碘量约为150—300微克。扣除烹调和人体代谢的损失，碘的摄入量不会高于世界卫生组织的推荐量。

According to expert introduction,The world health organization recommends adult daily iodine intake for 150-300 micrograms,The European Union and the United States medical research institutions that adult iodine intake can tolerance limit respectively 600 micrograms per day and 1100 micrograms.Our country iodate average iodized quantity for 30 mg/kg.According to each daily intake of salt 5-10 grams calculation,Daily iodine uptake amount is about 150-300 micrograms.Deduct cooking and human metabolic loss,Iodine intake will not higher than the recommended amount of the world health organization.

　　对于甲状腺癌的发病原因，吴艺捷指出，不能说加碘盐导致甲状腺疾病高发，因为该疾病与遗传因素、自身免疫性以及精神因素有关，工作压力大、长期处于应激状态的人群也属于高发人群。

For the etiology of thyroid cancer,WuYiJie pointed out that,Can't say iodized salt induces high incidence of disease,Because the disease and genetic factors/Autoimmune and spiritual factors,Stressful work/In the long run, stress state people also belong to high-risk groups.

　　事实上，专家们认为，碘缺乏比碘过量更危险。天津医科大学内分泌研究所教授陈祖培说：“碘在体内的主要作用是在甲状腺合成甲状腺激素。缺碘会导致甲状腺激素合成不足，引发一系列的症状和疾病，尤其是对智力的损害。从碘缺乏病区儿童的智力测验检查来看，其平均智商比正常水平低。”

In fact,Experts say,Iodine deficiency is more dangerous than iodine excess.Tianjin medical university endocrine institute professor ChenZuPei said:"Iodine in the body of the main effect is to be on thyroid thyroid hormone synthesis.Iodine deficiency can lead to insufficient thyroid hormone synthesis,Cause a series of symptoms and disease,Especially for mental damage.From geological area children's intelligence test check to see,The average intelligence quotient (IQ) than the normal level is low."

　　“缺碘除了造成临床上典型的碘缺乏疾病如地方性甲状腺肿，还会造成不易察觉的智力损伤。”肖东楼介绍，2009年国际控制碘缺乏病理事会发布公告认为，补碘的益处远远大于碘过量引起的相对较小的风险。

"Iodine deficiency in addition to cause clinically typical iodine deficiency diseases such as endemic goiter,Still can cause indistinguishable intelligence damage."XiaoDong floor is introduced,The 2009 international control, it is shown that the council by way of a public announcement,Fill the benefits of iodine is far greater than iodine excess cause relatively small risk.

　　疑问二：沿海城市居民不需要补碘？ Question 2:The coastal urban residents do not need to complement iodine?

　　【回应】沿海地区居民从海带、紫菜和海鱼中获得2.1%的碘，膳食中的碘84.2%来自碘盐

[response]Coastal area residents from kelp/Seaweed and fish get 2.1% of iodine,The dietary iodine 84.2% from iodate

　　“人摄入碘的途径有三种：饮用水、食物和空气。我国除了一部分地区饮水碘含量非常高以外，大部分饮水的碘含量都比较低，而从空气中摄入的碘就更少了。”中国疾病预防控制中心地方病控制中心主任孙殿军告诉记者，“受外环境的影响，我国食物含碘量也处于碘缺乏的普遍形态，因此需要补碘。”

"People get iodine way there are three:Drinking water/Food and air.Our country in addition to some areas water iodine content outside is very high,Most of the water iodine content is low,And from the air intake of iodine is even less."China's center for disease control endemic disease control center director SunDianJun told reporters,"By the influence of the external environment,Our country's food containing iodine quantity also in iodine deficiency universal form,Therefore need to complement iodine."

　　针对网友“沿海居民日常食用的海产品中含碘量很高无需碘盐”的疑惑，陈祖培解释道：“2009年，卫生部在福建、上海、浙江、辽宁等4省(市)开展的沿海地区居民膳食碘摄入量调查结果显示，海带、紫菜、海鱼等富碘食物在沿海地区居民中的食用频率和食用量都很低。在未考虑烹调损失的情况下，膳食中的碘84.2%来自于加碘食盐，来自于各类食物的碘仅占13.1%(其中海带、紫菜和海鱼共占 2.1%)。如果食用不加碘食盐，97%以上的居民碘摄入量会低于推荐摄入量，居民碘缺乏的风险很大。”

According to the net friend"Coastal residents daily edible seafood containing high iodine volume without iodate"doubts,ChenZuPei explained:"In 2009,,The ministry of health in fujian/Shanghai/zhejiang/Liaoning and other four provinces(city)In coastal areas' dietary iodine intake according to the results of the survey,kelp/seaweed/Fish and rich iodine food in the coastal area residents of the edible frequency and low consumption.In does not consider cooking loss of cases,The dietary iodine 84.2% from iodize salt,From all kinds of food iodine accounted for only 13.1%(The kelp/Seaweed and fish accounted for 2.1%).If not edible iodize salt,More than 97% of the residents iodine intake will be lower than recommended intake,People with a high risk of iodine deficiency."

　　孙殿军也认为，我国是外环境严重碘缺乏的国家，不仅仅在农村，城市也一样。“2009年，沿海地区居民膳食碘摄入量调查发现，尽管经过多年补充碘盐，上海等沿海城市孕妇的碘营养还是不足的。所以大城市仍需供应碘盐。”

SunDianJun also think,Our country is external environment serious iodine deficiency country,Not only in the countryside,City as well."In 2009,,Coastal areas' dietary iodine intake survey found,Although after years of supplementary iodate,Shanghai and other coastal cities of pregnant women iodine nutrition or insufficient.So big cities still need to supply iodate."

　　“卫生部2010年发布的《中国食盐加碘和居民碘营养状况的风险评估》结果表明：我国除高水碘地区外，绝大多数地区居民的碘营养状况处于适宜和安全水平，沿海地区也不例外。”肖东楼说。

"The ministry of health, published in 2010[China's salt iodize and residents iodine nutritional status of risk assessment]The results show that:Our country in addition to high water iodine outside the region,Most of the region's inhabitants iodine nutritional status in a comfortable and safe level,The coastal areas is no exception."XiaoDong floor said.

　　专家们介绍，虽然沿海城市居民需要补碘，但有两种人群不宜吃碘盐。一个是患甲状腺疾病等患者中的少数人，可遵医嘱不食用或少食用碘盐。另一个是生活在高碘地区的居民，碘摄入量超过推荐量的好几倍。

Experts introduced,Although coastal city residents need to complement iodine,But there are two kinds of people shall not eat iodate.A is a thyroid disease patients in a few people,Can follow the doctor's advice not edible or less edible iodate.The other is a living in high iodine residents of the district,Iodine intake more than the recommended several times.

　　上海市疾控中心介绍，高碘地区分为水源性和食源性两种，我国是首先发现水源性高碘甲状腺肿的国家。目前，在北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、江苏、安徽、福建、山东、河南、陕西、新疆12个省(区、市)的130个县发现有饮水碘含量超标，受威胁人口约3100万人。

Shanghai CDC is introduced,High iodine area is divided into water sex and food-borne two,Our country is first found water of high iodine goiter country.At present,In Beijing/tianjin/hebei/shanxi/Inner Mongolia/jiangsu/anhui/fujian/shandong/henan/shaanxi/Xinjiang 12 provinces(area/city)Of the 130 counties have found water iodine content exceeds bid,Threatened a population of about 31 million people.

　　“在高碘地区，老百姓吃非碘盐，而不是供应碘盐。对饮用水高碘地区，甚至可能要换低碘水源。”孙殿军说。

"In high iodine regions,People eat not iodate,Not supply iodate.High iodine in drinking water area,And even may be in low iodine water."SunDianJun said.

　

　疑问三：碘盐标准是否“一刀切”？ Question three:Iodate standard whether"One size fits all"?

　　【回应】今年实施的新标准允许各省(区、市)自行确定食盐碘含量平均水平

[response]This year the implementation of the new standard allow provinces(area/city)On its own, decide on the salt iodine content average level

　　还有网友表示，碘盐标准不应该全国统一一个标准，并抱怨市场上很难买到无碘盐。实际情况如何？

Have net friend say,Iodate standard should not unified national a standard,And complain that the market is difficult to buy no iodate.Actual situation how to?

　　在北京，记者走访了中盐北京公司指定的几个无碘食盐销售点，发现有充足的无碘盐待售，但只有200克装的“京晶牌”有机无碘雪花盐，售价4.5元/袋，在购买数量上没有限制，也不需要出示相关医嘱或证明。除了指定供应网点，记者在一家乐天玛特超市也看到了无碘盐，销售员表示“可随便买”。

In Beijing,The reporter interviewed salt in Beijing company designated several no iodine salt point of sale,Find plenty of no iodate for sale,But only 200 grams of loading"Beijing crystal brand"Organic no iodine snowflake salt,Price 4.5 yuan/bag,There is no limit to the number in the purchase,Also do not need to produce relevant orders or proof.In addition to designated supply network,Reporter in a lotte matt supermarket also see on iodate,Salesman said"Can buy casually".

　　在上海，一家良友金伴超市的店员告诉记者，无碘盐销售很正常，没有出现过抢购或缺货现象。上海市卫生局介绍，上海很早以前就已经开放无碘盐的销售，目前全市设有1334个无碘食盐供应点。

In Shanghai,A friend gold with supermarket clerk told reporters,No iodate sales is very normal,Never occurred to snap up or out of stock phenomenon.Introduced by Shanghai health bureau,Shanghai long ago has open no iodate sales,At present the city has 1334 no iodine salt supply centre.

　　据了解，我国从1995年开始实施全面食盐加碘政策以来，对食盐碘含量已经做过多次调整。对此，陈祖培表示，我国大概每隔2到3年要对全国范围内的碘盐跟碘缺乏病的流行状况做一次监测，并根据人群碘盐的变化调整碘盐的浓度，所以调整是正常的。

It is understood,From 1995, China began to implement comprehensive salt iodize policy since,For salt iodine content has made many adjustment.this,ChenZuPei said,Our country about every two to three years to nationwide iodate with the popularity of idd situation for a monitoring,And according to the change of iodate crowd adjust the concentration of iodate,So adjustment is normal.

　　上海市疾控中心相关负责人介绍，碘缺乏病监测数据显示，我国幅员辽阔，食盐摄入量区别较大，近年来饮食结构也发生了变化，统一的盐碘含量标准不能满足和适应这些变化。由此，卫生部2011年9月发布、今年3月实施的食品安全国家标准《食用盐碘含量》允许各省(区、市)自行确定盐碘含量平均水平。

Shanghai CDC relevant controller introduces,Idd monitoring data shows,Our country has massive land,Salt intake larger difference,In recent years diet structure is changed,Unified salt iodine content standard can't satisfy and adapt to these changes.this,The ministry of health released in September 2011/In march this year the implementation of the national food safety standards[Edible salt iodine content]Allow provinces(area/city)On its own, decide on the salt iodine content average level.

　　“过去全国是统一一个标准，在严重缺碘的时候，这样做是对的，能迅速缓解全民族的碘缺乏困境。”陈祖培补充道，“但是，随着食盐加碘的政策逐渐落实，就需要逐渐细化了。”据他介绍，碘的摄入量是否适宜取决于很多因素，包括碘盐的浓度、食物结构、盐的摄入量等。例如，上海、天津、北京居民每人每天的盐摄入量大概七八克，西部北部地区可能十二三克，最高的省份到20克。“新标准由各省自行决定碘的浓度，体现了‘因地制宜、科学补碘’的原则。”

"In the past the national unity is a standard,In the serious lack of iodine,You are right to do so,Can quickly relieve the whole nation's iodine deficiency dilemma."ChenZuPei added,"but,Along with the salt iodize policy gradually implement,Will need to refine the gradually."According to he introduced,Iodine intake is suitable for depends on a number of factors,Including the concentration of iodate/Food structure/Salt intake, etc.For example,Shanghai/tianjin/Beijing residents of salt intake per person a day about 7 or 8 grams,Western north May 1023 grams,The highest provinces to 20 grams."The new standard of the province decide iodine concentration,Embodies the‘Adjust measures to local conditions/Scientific complement iodine’principle."

　　据了解，世界各国规定的碘盐中碘含量各不相同。西欧一些国家使用的盐碘含量为每千克10毫克—20毫克，美洲大多数国家为每千克50毫克—100毫克，英国是每千克25毫克。我国的《食用盐碘含量》规定：每千克食用盐产品中碘含量的平均水平(以碘元素计)为20毫克—30毫克，食用盐碘含量的允许波动范围(均匀度)为食用盐碘含量平均水平±30%。

It is understood,The provisions of the countries all over the world iodate of iodine in each are not identical.Western Europe countries use salt iodine content for each kilogram 10 mg - 20 mg,America most countries for every kilograms 50 mg - 100 mg,The UK is 25 milligrams per kilogram.China's[Edible salt iodine content]provisions:Per kg of edible salt products iodine content of average level(With iodine element meter)For 20 mg - 30 mg,Edible salt iodine content allowed wave range(evenness)For edible salt iodine content average plus or minus 30%.

　　“美国碘盐覆盖率只有50%—60%，但除碘盐外，美国通过在牛奶中加碘来提高碘摄入量；澳大利亚则在面包中加碘。”吴艺捷介绍说，“数据显示，美国人均尿碘含量比我国高20%左右。”

"The United States iodate coverage only 50% - 60%,But in addition to the iodate,The United States through adding iodine in milk to improve iodine intake;Australia is in bread adding iodine."WuYiJie said,"Data display,The average American urine iodine content about 20% higher than in China."