近日，长沙市食安办对全市9月份食品安全检验检测情况进行了通报，其中市畜牧兽医水产局在马王堆批发市场对牛蛙进行抽检，5个批次检出违禁药品呋喃唑酮。10月中旬，本报记者跟随长沙市水生动物检疫防疫站、市工商局公平交易分局、马王堆工商所、马王堆海鲜批发市场的工作人员，对5个不合格批次的牛蛙进行了产地溯源，寻找问题症结。长沙市食安监管部门希望通过市场这只手，和产地监管部门、流通大户和养殖户共建产地准出、市场准入制度，保障长沙市民餐桌上水产品的质量安全。

recently,Changsha city food Ann do in September to food safety inspection detection on the bulletin,Which city animal husbandry and veterinary bureau of aquatic products in the wholesale market for bullfrog miu for check,5 batch detection illegal drugs furazolidone.In the middle of October,Our newspaper reporter to follow in changsha city aquatic animal quarantine epidemic prevention station/City industrial and commercial bureau fair trade branch office/Miu trade and industry/Miu seafood wholesale market staff,For 5 unqualified batch the bullfrog traceability of origin,Find a way to refocus this debate.Changsha food Ann regulators hope that through market this hand,And origin supervision department/Large circulation and farmers build origin quasi out/Market access system,Security of the changsha residents water table the quality of the product safety.

　　1 产地调查 1 origin investigation

　　1斤牛蛙，蛙农只赚5角钱左右 1 catty bullfrog,Frog agriculture earn only about 5 cents

　　据长沙市水生动物防疫检疫站相关负责人介绍，长沙市场上的牛蛙主要来自广东汕头、福建漳州等地。本次抽检不合格的项目为检出呋喃唑酮。呋喃唑酮毒副作用较大，对中枢神经系统能造成不可逆的损伤，在人体可引起溶血性肝坏死等疾病。早在2002年，农业部就将其列为禁用兽药，严禁在任何食品动物中应用，但一些养殖户为了追求经济效益，仍将其作为治疗水产品肠胃病的特效药使用。

According to changsha aquatic animal epidemic prevention quarantine station relevant controller introduces,Changsha on the field of the bullfrog mainly from guangdong shantou/Fujian zhangzhou, etc.This check is unqualified project for detection furazolidone.Furazolidone and side effects of larger,On central nervous system can cause irreversible damage,In the body can cause hemolytic hepatic necrosis and other diseases.As early as in 2002,The ministry of agriculture will disable it as a veterinary drug,It is strictly prohibited in any food animals application,But some farmers in order to pursue the economic benefit,Will the aquatic products as a treatment for gastrointestinal problems of specific use.

　　在某牛蛙产地，经销商带领记者一行随机前往一户牛蛙养殖户家中进行调查。这是当地一位小规模养殖蛙农，姓陈，已经养牛蛙四五年了。他告诉来客，自家蛙田亩产15吨左右，蝌蚪放下后成活率根据天气变化而有所波动。如果是冬季投入苗种，一般90天左右就有成蛙上市。但今年的牛蛙市场竞争激烈，供大于求，价格较往年走低，“一斤牛蛙成本投入约4.5元，出塘价在5元左右。”这样算下来，一斤牛蛙，蛙农约赚5角钱。养10万斤牛蛙，生产者可赚5万元左右。

In a bullfrog origin,Dealers lead the reporter a line of random to a door bullfrog farmers home survey.This is a local small-scale farming frog agriculture,Family name is Chen,Have a bullfrog four or five years.He told the visitor,His frog field per mu yield 15 tons,Tadpoles after let go of survival rate according to the change of weather and have fluctuation.If it is winter into fry,General 90 days or so has frog listed.But this year's bullfrog market competition is intense,Supply exceeds demand,Price is lower in previous years,"1 catty bullfrog costs about $4.5,Out of the pond price in 5 yuan."Such calculating down,1 catty bullfrog,Frog agriculture about earn 5 cents.Raise 100000 jins bullfrog,Producers can earn 50000 yuan or so.

　　需要指出的是，蛙农的饲料，一般由饲料生产企业赊给蛙农，待牛蛙成熟，饲料企业上门收蛙进行代销。所以，在牛蛙行业，饲料企业往往就是流通经销商。这种模式，在水产品养殖的其他行业也普遍存在。

It should be pointed out that,Frog farmers feed,Generally by feed production enterprise credit to frog agriculture,Stay bullfrog mature,Feed enterprises come to receive frog for sale on a commission basis.so,In the bullfrog industry,Feed enterprise is often flow distributor.This model,In aquatic products breeding of other industries is widespread.

　　发现蛙生病，蛙农自己买药处理 Found that frog sick,Frog agriculture oneself buy medicine treatment

　　由于利润薄，牛蛙的成活率就显得尤为关键。陈大伯说，牛蛙养殖主要是面临肠道病和肝病的困扰，“一些病蛙的肝解剖出来偏黄色。”根据蛙农的描述和现场观察的养殖密度，长沙市水生动物防疫检疫站的专业人士判断，这跟饲料的投放密度有关。另外，牛蛙养殖的环境、水源不佳，也容易导致牛蛙肠胃病高发。记者看到，陈大伯的蛙田，就在车来车往的大马路边上，尘土飞扬，养蛙的水也比较浑浊。

As profits thin,Bullfrog survival rate is particularly critical.ChenDaBo said,Bullfrog farming is mainly faced with intestinal disease and liver trouble,"Some disease frog liver anatomical out partial yellow."According to the frog agriculture description and field observation of breeding density,Changsha aquatic animal epidemic prevention quarantine station professional judgment,With the feed on the density about.In addition,Bullfrog farming environment/Poor water,Also easy to cause the bullfrog high incidence of gastrointestinal problems.The reporter sees,The frog ChenDaBo field,In the car to car to the edge of the boulevard,dust,A frog water also compares turbidity.

　　一位当地牛蛙流通大户指出，上世纪90年代牛蛙引入我国，逐渐在国内发展起来，其品种经过多代配种杂交，已经出现品质退化。“这恐怕也是牛蛙在养殖过程中经常大片死亡的原因。”

A local bullfrog circulation leader pointed out,The 1990 s bullfrog introduced in China,In the domestic developed gradually,Its breed through many generations of breeding hybrid,Has appeared quality degradation."I'm afraid this is also bullfrog in breeding process often large the cause of death."

　　在病害的袭击和提高单产的刺激下，用药成了一些蛙农不得不采取的措施。如何用药？用什么药？长沙市场方对产地蛙农进行了一番现场“考试”。“考试”的结果，让人大吃一惊。

In disease attacks and improve yield under the stimulus,Medicine has become some frog farmers had to take measures.How to use?With what medicine?Changsha market square to origin frog farmers had a field"examination"."examination"results,Let a person shocked.

　　陈大伯称，牛蛙生病与否，纯粹靠经验判断，“如果发现蛙田里死了一两只，一般不会做特别处理；若是接连死亡10只左右，就可判断是生病，生病后，都是我们自己去药店买药处理。”他说，养牛蛙几年来，没有谁来指导过自己用药，均靠蛙农之间经验的口口相传。

ChenDaBo says,Bullfrog ill or not,Pure rely on experience judgement,"If it is found that the frogs died one furtive,General won't do special treatment;If after death only about 10,Can judgment is sick,After the illness,Are our own went to a chemist's shop to buy medicine treatment."He said,Keep bullfrog for several years,No one to guide his medicine,All farmers by frog between the experience of mouth.

　　他称，使用的药物，蛙农称为“痢特灵”，是治牛蛙肠胃病的特效药。此外，若觉得蛙田里蛙的皮肤色彩不好时，就会往里面撒一些维生素B2之类的药。

He says,The use of drugs,Frog farmers called"furazolidone",Is cure bullfrog of gastrointestinal problems of specific.In addition,If you think frog field frog skin colour is bad,Will go toward inside and some vitamin B2 and so on medicine.

　

　蛙农用的药，是国家明令禁用的 Frog agricultural medicine,Is the national public proclamation banned

　　随后，在陈大伯的蛙棚里，他向大家展示了他所使用的药物：那种被叫为“痢特灵”的药物，瓶子上赫然写着“呋喃唑酮”。另外几种药，分别是大黄碳酸氢钠片、食母生片、维生素B2。记者查询获悉，大黄碳酸氢钠片是一种促进食欲的药片；食母生片同样用于防治B族维生素缺乏症及食欲不振、消化不良。在市场恶性竞争、蛙农片面追求单产的刺激下，用药物提高牛蛙的食欲，是最原始的办法。

then,The frog in ChenDaBo tents,He to show the use of drugs:That is called the"furazolidone"drugs,The bottle impressively write"furazolidone".Other kinds of medicine,Respectively is rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablet/Food mother born tablet/Vitamin B2.Reporters learned that inquires,Rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablet is a kind of appetizing tablets;Food mother born piece also used to prevent B vitamin deficiency and loss of appetite/indigestion.In the market of vicious competition/Frog agriculture one-sided pursuit of per unit area yield under the stimulus,The use of drugs improve bullfrog appetite,Is the most original way.

　　陈大伯出示的药瓶上显示，以上均为国药准字号，也就是人吃的药。而根据《兽药管理条例》，在畜牧水产养殖业里，严禁使用人药。因为人药被养殖行业滥用会带来抗药菌的出现，最终让人类控制疾病的手段越来越少。近年来，随着甲流、禽流感、非典等人兽共患疾病的出现，有疾病防控专家指出，“人药前移”目前已经给人类自身安全带来了困扰。

ChenDaBo show the language on display,All the above is for traditional Chinese medicine is a kind,Is the person eat medicine.According to[Veterinary medicine management regulations],In the animal husbandry and aquaculture,It is strictly prohibited to user medicine.Because of the medicine was breeding industry abuse will bring the emergence of resistant bacteria,Finally let the human disease control means less and less.In recent years,As a flow/Bird flu/SARS, beast common disease appear,A disease prevention and control experts say,"Medicine reach"Has been to human safety brought trouble.

　　为什么一些蛙农等养殖户仍习惯去人药店购买药品？当地一位人士告诉记者，他们长期以来形成了一种印象——兽药纯度低，假药多，不如人药管用。另外一个原因则是，在兽药的研发、生产、监管方面，长期以来，一直未得到社会应有的重视。

Why do some frog agriculture and farmers are still used to people drugstore is bought drugs?A local person told reporters,They formed for a long time a kind of impression - veterinary medicine lower purity,Counterfeit drugs more,As medicine works.Another reason is,In veterinary medicine research and development/production/regulatory,For a long time,Has not got social due attention.

　　2 监管空白 2 regulatory blank

　　牛蛙市场靠自发运作，准入机制不完善 Bullfrog market by spontaneous operation,Access mechanism is not perfect

　　长沙人爱吃牛蛙，很多餐馆都有爆炒牛蛙、风味牛蛙之类的菜品。有人说，这是基于牛蛙肉多，浸泡在辣椒汤里，吸足了酱汁，总能轻而易举地征服湖南人的味蕾。记者走访发现，一盆牛蛙，在餐馆叫价58元—108元不等。

Changsha people love to eat bullfrog,Many restaurants have sauteed bullfrog/Flavor bullfrogs and so on food.Some say,This is based on bullfrog more than meat,Soak in the hot pepper in the soup,Suction enough sauce,Always can easily conquer hunan people's taste buds.Reporter found that visit,A pot of bullfrog,In restaurants offer 58 yuan - 108 dollars.

　　在广东汕头，一家批发牛蛙的中间商告诉记者，一般情况下，该公司一天要往长沙发4货车的牛蛙，旺季时，可发17车。有人向记者透露，整条牛蛙产业链，从饲料、流通到兽药，估计目前产值在60亿元左右。

Shantou in guangdong,A wholesale bullfrog middlemen told reporters,generally,The company one day to go to changsha hair 4 truck bullfrog,Season when,Can send 17 car.Someone said to reporters,The entire industrial chain bullfrog,From the feed/Circulation to the veterinary drug,Estimated that in 6 billion yuan output value.

　　今年5月1日起，长沙市在建设食品安全城市的大背景下，对消费量较大的部分水产品试行凭证入市，对产品质量安全有保证的产地或企业颁发对接基地证明。“原本牛蛙有个对接基地的，牌匾都做好了，经再三考虑后，还是没有给它颁发下去。”长沙市水生动物检疫防疫站站长周健告诉记者，没有颁发的原因，是觉得牛蛙产业“上无监管，纯靠市场自发运作，源头上质量的市场准入机制基本空白，颁发下去，风险太大” 。

In may this year 1,In the construction of changsha food safety city of big background,For large consumption of aquatic products for trial implementation of entry certificate,To ensure product quality safety of origin or enterprises by butt base proof."Originally bullfrog a butt base,Plaque very well,After on reflection,Or did not give it issued down."Changsha aquatic animal quarantine epidemic prevention station webmaster ZhouJian told reporters,Not the cause of the issue,Is think bullfrog industry"Without supervision,Pure depend on the market spontaneous operation,The quality of the source of the market access mechanism basic blank,Issue on,Risk is too big" .

　　没有纳入例行检测，企业自检也是空话 No into routine detection,Enterprise self is also empty talk

　　据悉，国家农业部对市场上多个水产品一年有多次例行检测，然而牛蛙并没有纳入检测品种的范围里。在本次对牛蛙主产地的走访中，负责接待记者一行的当地动物卫生监管所所长说，根据他们的权限，该所只负责对牛蛙饲料进行检测。

It is reported,The national ministry of agriculture in the market for more than a year of aquatic products have multiple routine detection,However bullfrogs and not included in the scope of testing varieties in.In this leading to bullfrog of the visit,To be responsible for receiving reporter a line of local animal health supervision of the institute said,According to their authority,This only is responsible for bullfrog feed were detected.

　　纵观整条牛蛙产业链，做牛蛙饲料的流通企业占据了十分特殊的地位。这些饲料企业，是否做到产地准出的把关？记者此次走访了多家牛蛙饲料流通企业，发现企业自检室的建设基本空白。在一家拥有牛蛙药残自检室的饲料企业，记者发现，用于检测的试剂已经过期好几个月，但检测合格报告已经更新到了近日。

Throughout the entire industrial chain bullfrog,Do bullfrog feed circulation enterprise occupies a special position.These feed enterprise,Whether do origin quasi out checks?The reporters visited several bullfrog feed circulation enterprises,Found enterprise self chamber construction basic blank.In a have bullfrog medicine residual self-checking chamber feed enterprise,Reporter discovery,Used for detection reagent has expired for several months,But testing qualified report has been updated to recently.

　　3 经销模式 3 distribution mode

　　“市场绑架了蛙农，蛙农又绑架了企业” "Market kidnapped frog agriculture,Frog farming and kidnapped enterprise"

　　在牛蛙质量把关上，目前最根本的问题是，上无行政监管要求，下无市场压力，产地准出标准严重缺失。

In the bullfrog quality checks on,The most fundamental problem is,Without administrative regulatory requirements,Without market pressure,Serious lack of quasi out standard.

　　周健认为，饲料企业即流通企业，这种在水产养殖中普遍存在的特殊模式，从优势上看，以饲料为纽带，把蛙农等水产养殖散户组织在一起，可共同提高市场风险抵御能力。但饲料企业和蛙农这种亲密无间的关系，同样显现出劣势。“饲料企业的赢利主要靠蛙农的牛蛙来实现，只有蛙农的牛蛙顺利卖出去，饲料企业的赊款才能得以顺利回收。这造成了中间流通商(饲料企业)对蛙农的养殖过程没有强制措施。特别是在目前市场竞争激烈的背景下，对蛙农的争夺，决定了饲料企业不论蛙农的牛蛙品质如何，他都得收回来、卖出去，从而才能收回赊销的饲料款。”从这种意义上说，巿场绑架了蛙农，蛙农又绑架了企业。在这种情况下，源头检测室形同虚设也不足为奇了。

ZhouJian think,Feed enterprise namely circulation enterprises,This in aquaculture existing in special mode,Look from the advantage,To feed as the link,The frog farming and aquaculture retail organization together,Can improve together market risk resist ability.But feed enterprises and frog agriculture this intimate relationship,The same show weaknesses."Feed enterprise profit depend mainly on frog agriculture to realize the bullfrog,Only frog farmers bullfrog well sold,Feed enterprise's credit money can be smooth recovery.This caused the intermediate circulation quotient(Feed enterprise)Farmers to frog breeding process no compulsory measures.Especially in the present market competitive background,The farmers to frog for,Determine the feed enterprise no matter frog farmers bullfrog quality,He have to come back/sold,Thus to withdraw the selling on credit SiLiaoKuan."In this sense,Marketing in the kidnapped frog agriculture,Frog farming and kidnapped enterprise.In this case,Measure the room source was largely invisible also no wonder.

　　牛蛙流通企业也有自己的苦衷。“不管是成都市场还是长沙市场，牛蛙都不是家庭餐桌的常客，通常只是街头餐馆的宠儿，这种消费习惯本身就导致市场需求有限。”在福建某县牛蛙主产地，当地牛蛙流通大户、某饲料企业的邱总说，以往当地牛蛙大量出口，但今年以来出口量从20%急剧下降到不足5%，大量原本用于出口的牛蛙现在转为内销，使得今年蛙农的日子格外艰难。

Bullfrog circulation enterprises have their own difficulties."Whether chengdu market or the market in changsha,Bullfrog is not a regular family table,Usually just street restaurant's pet,The consumption habit itself lead to market demand limited."Some county in fujian leading bullfrog,The local bullfrog large circulation/A feed enterprise high always said,In the past the local bullfrog a large number of export,But since this year exports fell sharply from 20% to less than 5%,A large number of originally used to export bullfrog now to sale in domestic market,Make this year frog farmers more difficult days.

　　邱总坦言，在市场混战的今天，需要市场提供合理的渠道，让优质牛蛙有充分的竞争优势，企业才能在“薄利”的市场中获得动力。

High total said,In the market melee today,Need to provide reasonable market channels,Let the high quality bullfrog have fully competitive advantage,Enterprise can"Small profits"Market gained momentum.

　　4 出路探索 4 a way out to explore

　　长沙经销商外省自建检测室 Changsha dealers provincial self-built measure the room

　　在这种情况下，如何才能保证长沙人餐桌上牛蛙的质量安全？

In this case,How to ensure that changsha people table bullfrog quality safe?

　　在这次调查走访中，仍然存在一些亮色，让我们看到了牛蛙产业突破瓶颈、建立产地准出标准的希望。

In the survey of the visit,There are still some bright color,Let us see the bullfrog industry to break through the bottleneck/Establish origin quasi out standard of hope.

　　据业内人士介绍，在牛蛙产业，有四大饲料企业占据了行业领军者地位。其中，漳州市鸿益饲料有限公司约占据30%的份额。“如果没有溯源体系和质量体系，企业相当于坐在火药桶上，随时可能因质量风险发生大爆炸。”在长沙水产监管部门与该企业的交流座谈中，这一点得到了鸿益董事长陈裕文深深的认同。目前，鸿益饲料准备联手兄弟企业，着手建立牛蛙从田间到市场的质量溯源体系和药残自检体系。

Introduce according to the personage inside course,In the bullfrog industry,There are four feed enterprises occupy the industry leader in position.the,Zhangzhou hon profit feed co., LTD., occupy about 30% of the share."If there is no traceability system and quality system,Enterprise is equivalent to sit on powder keg,May at any time by quality risk massive explosion."In changsha fishery supervision department and the enterprise communication in the discussion,This point has been the chairman of the board of directors ChenYuWen PE deep identity.At present,The benefit to feed to brother enterprise,To establish bullfrog from field to market quality traceability system and medicine residual self-checking system.

　　另外记者获悉，骆先品和王增三，长沙市马王堆海鲜批发市场做牛蛙生意的两位最大的批发经销商，已经自购检测设备、试剂，前往外省的产地自建检测室。“检测合格，我们就要，才能往长沙发货；如果不合格，坚决不要，货还在当地，利于退返。”为了保证自检室的独立性，他们准备搬出当地流通企业提供的场地，另行选址，独立运作。

In addition the reporter learns,LuoXian taste and WangZengSan,Miu in changsha city seafood wholesale market do bullfrog business two largest wholesale distributors,Have bought oneself testing equipment/reagent,To provincial origin self-built measure the room."Detection qualified,We will,To go to changsha delivery;If not qualified,Resolute don't,Cargo is still in the local,To return to."In order to ensure the independence of self chamber,They are going to move out of the local circulation enterprises to provide site,Further location,Independent operation.

　　为优质牛蛙 For high quality bullfrog

　　开辟市场绿色通道 Open up the market the green channel

　　长沙市水产监管部门相关负责人还向记者透露，除了四处游说牛蛙主产地建设产地准出体系、为本地牛蛙经销商产地自检室建设提供资源支持和技术指导外，他们还将联手工商局和批发市场，拟为优质牛蛙提供商开辟市场绿色通道。

Changsha fishery supervision department related person in charge also revealed to reporters,In addition to the leading lobbying bullfrog around construction origin quasi out system/For the local bullfrog dealers origin self-checking room construction to provide resources to support and technical guidance outside,They will also to industrial and commercial bureau and wholesale market,Fitting for high quality bullfrog providers open up market the green channel.

　　“我们迫切寻找的，是产业中真正敢于担当、能够担当的流通大户。由流通大户从蛙田上把控牛蛙质量，哪怕是忍受部分蛙农流失带来的阵痛，也要真正承担起企业在食品安全的主体责任，这同样是全国市场和消费者的期待。”周健表示，长沙水产监管部门将继续在马王堆海鲜批发市场加强对“嗑药牛蛙”的严防死守，同时也希望通过本报，广向全国征集优质牛蛙生产基地和对食品安全有着深刻认识的牛蛙流通大户。谭琳静

"We are looking for,Is the real industry to bear/Can bear large circulation.The large circulation from the frog on the field the control bullfrog quality,Even if is to bear part of the frog agriculture loss brings pain,Also to really take responsibility for enterprises in the food safety responsibility main body,This is also the national market and consumer expectations."ZhouJian said,Changsha fishery supervision department will continue to strengthen the miu seafood wholesale market"Into hard drugs bullfrog"Defend the,Also hope that through our newspaper,Wide to national collection quality bullfrog production base and to food safety has a profound understanding of the bullfrog large circulation.TanLinJing