11月14日是“联合国糖尿病日”。今年的主题：“糖尿病教育与预防”；口号：“预防糖尿病，保护我们的未来”。

On November 14 is"The United Nations diabetes day".The theme of this year:"Diabetes education and prevention";slogan:"Prevention diabetes,Protect our future".

　　如今，为育一个聪明健康的宝宝，孕妇往往会受到家人的特殊照顾，过多的营养饮食和低体力活动，使准妈妈变“糖妈妈”成为一种“新潮”，这不仅害了妈妈，也害了孩子——我们的未来。

now,Yu a clever healthy baby,Pregnant women often will be affected by family's special care,Too much nutrition diet and low physical activity,Make expectant mothers become"Sugar mother"Become a"trendy",This not only caused great damage to the mother,It caused great damage to the children - our future.

什么是妊娠糖尿病 What is the gestational diabetes

　　妊娠糖尿病是糖尿病的一种特殊类型，指在妊娠期间首次发生或发现的糖耐量减低或糖尿病。包括妊娠前已有糖耐量减低或糖尿病，在孕期首次被诊断的患者。

Gestational diabetes is a special type of diabetes,Refers to the first occurrence or found during pregnancy glucose tolerance to reduce or diabetes.Including pregnancy had glucose tolerance to reduce or diabetes,For the first time during pregnancy diagnosed patients.

　　妊娠糖尿病产后多可恢复正常，其中约1/3的患者在5～10年后会发展为糖尿病，而最终发展为糖尿病的人可达60%。

Gestational diabetes postpartum much can return to normal,Roughly a third of the patients in 5 ~ 10 years to develop diabetes,And the final development for diabetes can amount to 60%.

哪些准妈妈易成“糖妈妈” What are the quasi mother easily into"Sugar mother"

　　如果具有以下任何一种情况，就需要注意了，因为你患妊娠期糖尿病风险较高，应该及早进行葡萄糖的筛查：1.体型肥胖者；2.年龄≥30岁；3.有妊娠糖尿病病史(以前怀孕时得过妊娠糖尿病)；4.有糖尿病家族史；5.以前分娩过体重较大的孩子；6.有异常妊娠分娩史，如流产、早产、死胎及新生儿畸形等；7.本次妊娠胎儿有异常(羊水过多，胎儿畸形)。

If has the following any kind of situation,It needs attention,Because you have a higher risk of gestational diabetes,Should as soon as possible for glucose screening:1. Figure obese;2. Age was 30 years old;3. A history of gestational diabetes(Before pregnancy had gestational diabetes);4. A family history of diabetes;5. Before delivery over weight older children;6. Have abnormal pregnancy childbirth history,Such as abortion/preterm/Stillbirth and neonatal malformations;7. The fetus has abnormal pregnancy(polyhydramnios,Fetal malformation).

如何早期发现妊娠糖尿病 How to the early detection of gestational diabetes

　　大多数患妊娠糖尿病的孕妇没有什么特殊的不适，有些孕妇可能会出现糖尿病典型的三多一少表现，即多饮、多食、多尿、体重不增或增加与孕周不相符合，虽然孕妇食用了大量营养丰富的食物，可是体重却明显减轻了，出现此种糖尿病症状时一定要及时到医院做妊娠糖尿病筛查，让医生及时诊断自己出现的这种情况是不是妊娠糖尿病。还有一部分孕妇会感到疲乏、皮肤瘙痒，这些表现在正常怀孕时也很常见，故很容易被忽视。因此孕妇均应进行常规的糖尿病筛查，尤其是有高危因素、容易发生妊娠糖尿病的孕妇，均应在首次产前检查时即做相关的筛查。

Most of the pregnant women with gestational diabetes no special unwell,Some pregnant women may appear diabetes typical san-duo a little performance,Namely polydipsia/Feed more/diuresis/Weight does not increase or increase and gestational weeks is not consistent with,Although a lot of the pregnant woman eat nutritious food,But weight was obviously reduced,Appear this kind of diabetes symptoms must be promptly to the hospital for gestational diabetes screening,Let the doctor timely diagnosis themselves appear this kind of circumstance is gestational diabetes.And part of the pregnant woman will feel tired/Itchy skin,These performance in normal pregnancy is also very common,It's easier to ignore.Therefore all pregnant women should be performed routinely diabetes screening,Especially have risk factors/Prone to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus,All should in the first prenatal examination time is to do relevant screening.

　　对有高危因素的孕妇，若空腹血糖大于等于7.0mmol/L，和(或)随机血糖大于等于11.1mmol/L，应在2周内重复测定，若血糖仍然如此可诊断妊娠糖尿病。

To have risk factors of pregnant women,If the fasting blood sugar is equal or greater than 7.0 mmol/L,and(or)Random blood sugar is equal or greater than 11.1 mmol/L,Should be in 2 weeks of repeated measurement,If blood sugar still so can diagnosis gestational diabetes.

　　所有准妈妈均应在24～28周采取以下2种方法之一测定血糖：1.进行75gOGTT检测。2.先行50gOGTT进行初筛，服糖后1小时血糖高于7.2mmol/L者进行75gOGTT检测。即清早空腹取血查空腹血糖后，口服75克葡萄糖，于服糖后1小时、2小时、3小时取血测血糖，其正常值上限分别为：空腹血糖5.3mmol/L、服糖后1小时10.0mmol/L、2小时8.6mmol/L、3小时7.8mmol/L，如检验结果有两个或两个以上时间点达到或超过上述上限值，则可诊断为妊娠糖尿病，这是早期发现、早期诊断妊娠期糖尿病的唯一可靠方法。

All quasi mother shall in 24 ~ 28 weeks take the following two methods determination of blood sugar:1. 75 gogtt detection.2. First 50 gogtt for initial screen,Take sugar 1 hour after blood sugar above 7.2 mmol/L people who are 75 gogtt detection.Early in the morning fasting blood that take look after fasting glucose,Oral 75 grams of glucose,In clothing sugar after 1 hour/2 hours/3 hours take blood glucose measurement,The upper limit for normal respectively:Fasting plasma glucose 5.3 mmol/L/Take sugar 1 hour after 10.0 mmol/L/2 hours 8.6 mmol/L/3 hours 7.8 mmol/L,If test results have two or more than two time points reach or exceed the upper limit value,Can be diagnosed with gestational diabetes,It is early detection/Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes is the only reliable method.

　妊娠糖尿病的危害 The harm of gestational diabetes

　　妊娠期高血糖的主要危害是围产期临床结局不良和死亡率增加，包括：母亲发展为2型糖尿病、胎儿在宫内发育异常、新生儿畸形、巨大儿(增加母婴在分娩时发生合并症与创伤的危险)和新生儿低血糖发生的风险增加等。

Gestation period high blood glucose main harm is bad perinatal clinical outcomes with increased mortality,including:Mother development for type 2 diabetes/The fetus in the palace dysplasia/Neonatal deformity/macrosomia(Increase in the delivery of maternal and infant occurs when the risk of complications and trauma)And neonatal hypoglycemia occur, such as increased risk.

“糖妈妈”如何治疗 "Sugar mother"How to treat

　　饮食治疗是妊娠糖尿病最主要、最基本的治疗方法，多数患者只需要进行单纯的饮食计划和运动就能使血糖得到良好的控制。

Diet therapy is the most main gestational diabetes/The most basic treatment,The majority of patients needs only simple diet and exercise can make blood sugar get good control.

　　妊娠糖尿病的孕妇要少量多餐，全日食物分为4～6次食用，睡前补充适量点心餐，避免晚餐与次日早餐时间相距过长。多吃高纤维食物，例如蔬菜、全谷类面包或馒头，以糙米取代白米，因为这些食物比普通碳水化合物消化、吸收得更慢，相比之下，不会使餐后血糖升得太高。

Gestational diabetes of pregnant women to a few much food,Diurnal food is divided into 4 ~ 6 times edible,Before DianXinCan supplementary,Avoid dinner the next day with breakfast time is too long.Eat more high fibre food,Such as vegetables/Whole grain bread or steamed bread,With brown rice instead of white rice,Because these food than ordinary carbohydrate digestion/Absorb more slowly,Compared with,Doesn't make the postprandial blood sugar rise too high.

　　水果中的青苹果、猕猴桃、草莓、柚子、桔子等，含可溶性纤维、维生素和矿物质高，应优先选用。而西瓜、葡萄、香蕉含糖较高，不宜多吃。水果最好在餐间食用，每天一份的量。若血糖控制不理想，可能要用黄瓜、西红柿等代替水果。

The green apple fruit/Kiwi fruit/strawberry/grapefruit/Orange, etc,Contain soluble fiber/Vitamins and minerals high,Should first selection.And watermelon/grapes/Bananas contain sugar is higher,Unfavorable eat more.The best fruit in between meals edible,The amount of a day.If blood sugar control not ideal,May want to use cucumber/Instead of tomato fruit.

　　少吃(或干脆完全不吃)富含单糖、双糖的食物和饮料，例如汽水、果汁、果味茶及大部分甜点、巧克力、果酱等，因为这些食物会迅速升高血糖水平。烹调用油以植物油为主，少食动物之皮及肥肉。

Eat less(Or simply not to eat)Rich in monosaccharide/Disaccharides food and drinks,Such as soda/juice/Fruit taste tea and most of the dessert/chocolate/Jam, etc,Because these food can quickly raise blood sugar levels.Cooking oil is given priority to with vegetable oil,Eat less animal skin and fat.

　　如果在孕前已摄取了足够营养，则妊娠初期不需增加蛋白摄取，妊娠中、后期每天增加蛋白质的量各为6g、12g，其中一半应来自禽蛋、牛奶、深红色肉类、鱼类及豆制品等。

If the pregnant has absorbed enough nutrition,The early pregnancy does not need to increase protein intake,pregnancies/Increase the amount of protein late every day for 6 g each/12 g,Half of them should be from eggs/milk/Deep red meat/Fish and bean products, etc.

　　还要辅以一定的体育锻炼，要有一定的强度负荷，但强度不宜过大，心率略有上升即可。

And is complemented by certain physical exercise,It is certain to should have strength load,But strength shoulds not be too big,Heart rate can be increased slightly.

　　如果通过饮食及运动治疗血糖控制不佳，应在控制饮食的基础上使用胰岛素治疗。很多孕妇担心打胰岛素调节血糖会否终身都需注射胰岛素，这种顾虑是完全没有必要的，暂时注射胰岛素绝对不会形成依赖。人胰岛素优于动物胰岛素，避免使用口服降糖药物，患者应遵医嘱定期抽血，监测血糖水平，根据血糖结果随时调整胰岛素的用量，使用胰岛素时，用量应准确，餐前半小时皮下注射，每天3～4次。注射胰岛素后半小时，患者按要求进食。如有外出或间隔时间长时，应随身携带食品，避免低血糖发生。(刘志民)

If through diet and exercise therapy poor blood glucose control,In the control diet should be based on the use of insulin therapy.Many pregnant women worry about playing insulin control blood sugar will be no life will be insulin injections,The concern is completely unnecessary,Temporary insulin injections would never rely on formation.People insulin is better than that of animal insulin,Avoid using oral glucose-lowering drugs,Patients should follow the doctor's advice regular blood,Monitor blood glucose levels,According to blood sugar results adjust the dosage of insulin,When to use insulin,Dosage should be accurate,Half an hour before meal subcutaneous injection,3 ~ 4 times every day.Injections of insulin after half an hour,Patients required to eat.If you have to go out or interval time long,Should carry food,Avoid hypoglycemia occur.(LiuZhiMin)