解决养老金双轨制不能再拖 Solve the pension double track system can't drag

人社部官员称要采取有效措施推进五省市改革试点 People club department officials say to take effective measures to promote the pilot reform of the five provinces and cities

　　昨天在《中国养老金发展报告2012》发布式上，人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚表示，要积极探索和推动机关事业单位养老保险制度改革，双轨制所导致的待遇差距过大问题已经到了必须要高度重视和采取必要措施解决的时候了。

Yesterday in[China's pension development report 2012]Release type on,People club department social security institute director JinWeiGang said,We should actively explore and promote pension insurance system reform,In the double pay gap problem has arrived must attach great importance to and take necessary measures to solve the time.

　　“目前社会上反映比较强烈的一个问题，就是在养老金待遇方面，由于双轨制所导致的待遇差距过大问题，这个已经成为近年来人大、政协两会之前和期间反映比较强烈的问题。”金维刚认为，“这个问题已经到了必须要高度重视和采取必要措施解决的时候了，不能再拖下去了。”

"In society at present is strongly reflect a problem,Is in the pension benefits,Due to the double pay gap problem,This has become a recent National People's Congress/Political consultative conference before and during two reflect comparative strong problem."JinWeiGang think,"This problem has arrived must attach great importance to and take necessary measures to solve the time,Can't drag on."

　　金维刚指出，要积极探索和推动机关事业单位养老保险制度改革。特别是要采取有效的措施推进五省市事业单位养老保险制度改革试点，这个试点方案在2008年的时候国务院已经出台，五个省市到目前为止没有一个出台正式实施方案，这种情况在我们国家改革历史上是罕见的，也反映了这个问题难度很大。

JinWeiGang pointed out that,We should actively explore and promote pension insurance system reform.Especially to take effective measures to promote five provinces and cities institution endowment insurance system reform pilot,The pilot scheme in 2008 the state council has issued,Five provinces and cities so far no one issued formal implementation plan,This kind of situation in our country in the history of the reform is rare,Also reflects the problem very difficult.

　　“但是，我觉得这个问题是有办法解决的，办法总比问题多。”金维刚说，“我觉得需要通过采取相应的一些政策措施推动地方在这方面的试点，逐步实行统一的城镇职工养老保险制度，从根本上解决双轨制导致的养老金待遇上社会不公平问题。”

"but,I think this problem is to solve,Measures the total is more than the problem."JinWeiGang said,"I felt the need to take some of the corresponding policies and measures to promote local in this pilot,Gradually unified town worker endowment insurance system,Fundamentally solve the double track system lead to pension treatment on social fairness."

焦点问题 focus

　　回顾2012年，先是年初“您最关心的十大热点问题两会调查”中“社会保障”以245211票连续三年居网民关注度首位，随后基本养老保险基金投资、养老金缺口、延迟退休年龄及养老金双轨制等相关问题引发了业界、学界、公众与媒体普遍热议。本报就这些热点问题对话中国社科院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文和中国社科院社会保障实验室执行专家高庆波。

Review in 2012,At the beginning of first"You most concerned about ten big two hot issues survey"in"Social security"By 245211 votes for three consecutive years in the Internet users attention,Then the basic endowment insurance fund investment/Pension gap/Delay retirement age and pension problems related to the double caused the industry/circles/The public and media widely hot debate.This is the hot issue dialogue by the Chinese academy of social sciences, director of the center for the study of social security ZhengBingWen and the Chinese academy of social security laboratory implementation GaoQingBo experts.

热点回应 Hot response

粤千亿养老金委托入市到位 Guangdong yuan pension entrust in the market

　　今年3月，经国务院批准，社保基金理事会受广东省政府委托，投资运营广东城镇职工基本养老保险资金1000亿元，这在全国尚属首次，备受关注。

In march this year,With the approval of the state council,Social security fund council entrusted by the government of guangdong province,Investment operation guangdong town worker is basic endowment insurance fund 100 billion yuan,This is the first in the country is,concern.

　　昨天，广东省社保基金管理局局长林白桦介绍，从来源来讲，1000亿元主要是各地个人账户的结余。“广东统筹基金也没有太多的结余。”林白桦说，1000亿来源于7个有结余的地区，主要是珠三角地区。包括深圳、广州、东莞、珠海，还有广东省本级等。至于具体收益，林白桦称，资金分批到位，3个月前1000亿刚刚全部到位，因此“八字一撇还没有”。

yesterday,Guangdong province social security fund administration LinBaiHua is introduced,From the source terms,100 billion yuan is mainly around the individual account balance."Guangdong to plan as a whole fund also does not have too much balance."LinBaiHua said,100 billion from seven has balance area,Mainly in the pearl river delta.Including shenzhen/guangzhou/The dongguan/zhuhai,And guangdong province at the same level, etc.As for the specific benefits,LinBaiHua says,Capital batch in place,Three months ago just 100 billion in all,so"Eight words is not one iota".

焦点 focus

延迟退休年龄每延迟一年减缓缺口200亿 Delay retirement age every delay in a slow gap 20 billion

　　京华时报：近年来，“延迟退休年龄”一直是敏感话题，官方和学者每次提及均遭民众激烈反对。您如何看待反对声音？

Jinghua times:In recent years,"Delay retirement age"Has always been a sensitive topic,Officials and scholars are mentioned by every time a backlash against the people.How do you think against voice?

　　郑秉文：退休年龄作为一项重要参数，它的高低对养老金制度有很大影响。因此，推迟退休年龄可作为弥补养老金缺口的一个途径。如若延迟退休的政策在几年内成型，将为养老金支付规模带来明显改变。根据测算，我国退休年龄每延迟一年，养老统筹基金可增长40亿元，减支160亿元，减缓基金缺口200亿元。

ZhengBingWen:The retirement age as an important parameter,It to the discretion of the pension system has a great influence.so,Defer emeritus age pension gap can be used as make up a way.If delay retirement policy in a few years forming,For pension payment scale bring obvious change.According to the calculation,Our country every delay retirement age a year,Pension plan as a whole fund can increase 4 billion yuan,In order to 16 billion yuan,Slow fund gap is 20 billion yuan.

　　京华时报：您怎么看“延迟退休年龄对大多数劳动者不利，对于那些足额交付了养老金而希望退休养老的人是掠夺”的观点？

Jinghua times:How do you see"Delay retirement age for most workers adverse,For those who delivered full pension and hope retirement pension is rob"Point of view?

　　高庆波：养老金制度的任何一种改革，需要考虑的问题有两点：首先需要考虑的，是有助于保护劳动者退休后的利益；其次改革有助于制度向公平、公正、公开的方向发展。延迟退休年龄显然可以缓解基金的缺口，但是纵观国际，退休年龄的变更最主要的考虑因素从来都不是养老金收支的缺口，而是劳动力市场的平衡。

GaoQingBo:Any a kind of pension system reform,There are two problems need to consider:First of all need to consider,Is to protect the interests of the employee after retirement;Next to the fair to reform the system/justice/Open the direction of development.Delay retirement age can obviously relieve fund gap,But the general international,The retirement age changes the most important considerations is never pension and gap,But the balance of the labor market.

　　而且，任何提高法定退休年龄的制度的实施，都有两个必要条件：一是养老金计发办法的变革，其基本准则是保障新旧制度之下劳动者的缴费成本和收益不会受损；二是在足够长的时间里面进行制度变革。如上世纪80年代，美国里根政府提出将法定退休年龄提高2岁之后，其实施历程长达几十年，至今尚未实行完毕。与之相伴的，还有提前退休减计养老金、延迟退休增发养老金的规定。

and,Any improve legal and emeritus age to the implementation of the system,There are two necessary conditions:One is the change of annuities plan hair method,The basic rule is security under the old and new system the pay cost of laborer cost and income not damaged;Second, in the long enough to change in the system.As the 80 s,The Reagan administration put forward the legal and emeritus age to improve after 2 years old,The implementation process for decades,Have not yet to complete.Accompanied by,And early retirement pension reduction plan/The provisions of the additional delay retirement pension.

　　我个人认为，中国探讨法定退休年龄的变更，同样需做到保护劳动者利益，在保护劳动力市场运行的基础上进行制度设计。

Personally, I think,China to explore the change of legal and emeritus age,Also need to do to protect interests of workers,In the protection of the Labour market operation on the basis of system design.

焦点 focus

养老金改革关键在消弭巨大福利差距 Pension reform key in level great welfare gap

　　京华时报：目前公众反对延迟退休的一个重要原因，就是养老金“双轨制”。但有专家认为错不在两个制度，认为双轨制是历史原因形成的，且存在一定合理性。比如机关事业单位不像企业有市场营收，自负盈亏，而是公益性质，经费来自财政拨款。从世界范围来看，这一部分人也不都纳入社会保险制度，或纳入也有一些特殊制度安排。您怎么看这种观点？

Jinghua times:At present the public against delay retirement is an important reason,Pension is"Double track system".But some experts think is not wrong in the two system,That is the formation of the double historical reasons,And there is a certain rationality.Such as institutions like enterprise market revenue,Responsible for their own profits and losses,But public welfare nature,Funds from financial appropriation.From the world to see,This part of the people are not all into the social insurance system,Or into some special system arrangement.How do you see this point of view?

　　高庆波：养老金双轨制是“碎片化”的一个集中体现。由于存在着比较效应，在养老金碎片化问题严重的地方，往往容易引致各种社会问题。

GaoQingBo:Pension is double"fragmentized"A concentrated reflection.In the presence of a more effect,In the pension fragmentized problem serious place,Tend to cause all kinds of social problems.

　　中国的养老金制度事实上不仅仅是双轨制，而是数量极为繁多的不同制度安排，是基于就业的两种养老金制度安排，他们因为身份的不同，形成了两种大的制度(双轨制)，在这些制度中，还有各个地区缴费参数不同，所形成的数以百计的小制度。此外，还有基于身份的城镇居民社会养老保险制度和新农保制度。尽管中国现在的养老金制度体系有其历史成因，但我认为，养老金制度改革的方向应该是“大一统”。在当前条件下，更重要的问题应该是如何提高除公务员和事业单位以外的各种退休金制度的福利待遇水平，消弭巨大的福利差距。(记者 张然)

China's pension system in fact is not only the double,But the quantity is very many different institutional arrangements,Employment is based on two kinds of pension system arrangement,Because of their different identity,To form the two big system(Double track system),In the system,And each region capture different parameters,By the formation of the hundreds of small system.In addition,And based on the identity of the urban system of social endowment insurance and new agricultural insurance system.Although China's current pension system has its historical origin,But I think,The pension system reform direction should be"united".In the current conditions,The more important question is how to improve in addition to civil servants and institutions outside of the various pension system welfare level,Put an end to the welfare of the huge gap.(Reporter ZhangRan)