12月19日，“求证”栏目报道了美国大规模种植转基因作物、大量消费转基因食品的情况。但在网上，针对转基因的争议一直都有。为什么要发展转基因作物？转基因食品对人体健康有害吗？就有关问题，人民日报“求证”栏目记者采访了中外专家。

December 19,,"verification"Column reports the large-scale planting genetically modified crops/Large amount of consumption of genetically modified food.But on the Internet,According to the dispute have been genetically modified (gm).Why to develop genetically modified crops?Genetically modified food is harmful to human body health?The problem,People's Daily"verification"The reporter interviewed column of Chinese and foreign experts.

　　为什么要发展转基因技术 Why to develop transgenic technology

　　黄大昉（中国农科院生物技术研究所研究员）：转基因技术是利用现代生物技术，将目的基因进行人工分离、修饰和转移而培育出新品种，从而赋予原来品种以新的优良性状。如转基因抗除草剂（草甘膦）大豆，就通过增加耐受除草剂的特性，节约了防除杂草的人工和成本。

Yellow big Fang(China academy researcher at the institute of biotechnology):Transgenic technology is the use of modern biological technology,The purpose gene for artificial separation/Modification and transfer and cultivate new varieties,To give the original varieties with new good character.Such as transgenic herbicide-resistant(glyphosate)soybean,Just by increasing the resistance characteristics of the herbicide,Save the weed control of artificial and cost.

　　布鲁姆瓦尔德（美国加州大学戴维斯分校植物学系细胞生物学教授）：转基因作物有两大益处：其一，提供更高的作物产量。极端天气、水资源短缺等问题对全球农业的负面影响日趋严重，而运用转基因技术培育新品种，不仅能够抗病虫害和抗除草剂，甚至可以抗干旱，无形中扩大了宜耕土地的面积。其二，有效减少农药的使用。据英国咨询公司PG Economic发布的统计数据, 1996—2010年由于转基因作物的应用，化学农药用量减少4.38亿公斤。

Bloom wald(The university of California, Davis department of plant cell biology professor):Genetically modified crops has two big profit:one,Provide higher crop yields.Extreme weather/The shortage of water resources and for the negative effects of global agriculture become more and more serious,And the use of transgenic technology cultivate new varieties,Can not only resistant to diseases and insects and herbicide resistance,Can even resistance to drought,Virtually expanded appropriate tillage land area.The second,Reduce the use of pesticides.According to the British consulting company issued by the PG Economic statistical data, 1996-2010 due to the application of genetically modified (gm) crops,Chemical pesticide consumption reduce 438 million kilograms.

　　林敏（中国农科院生物技术研究所所长）：种植转基因大豆的国家包括美国、巴西、阿根廷、巴拉圭、加拿大、乌拉圭、南非、墨西哥、玻利维亚、智利、哥斯达黎加。另外，已有不少国家和地区批准进口转基因大豆，包括澳大利亚、加拿大、日本、瑞士、英国、新西兰、俄罗斯、南非、泰国、土耳其、墨西哥、美国、哥伦比亚、菲律宾、中国大陆和中国台湾、欧盟、马来西亚等。我国进口的转基因大豆主要来自美国、巴西和阿根廷。

LinMin(China academy biotechnology institute director):Growing genetically modified soybean countries including the United States/Brazil/Argentina/Paraguay/Canada/Uruguay/South Africa/Mexico/Bolivia/Chile/Costa rica.In addition,Many countries and regions approve the import of transgenic soybeans,Including Australia/Canada/Japan/Switzerland/British/New Zealand/Russia/South Africa/Thailand/Turkey/Mexico/The United States/Columbia/The Philippines/Mainland China and Taiwan/The European Union/Malaysia.Our imports of genetically modified soybean mainly comes from the United States/Brazil and Argentina.

　　段武德（农业部科技发展中心主任）：我国也开展了转基因大豆的研究工作，在大豆新基因发掘、转基因技术平台建设和新品种选育等方面取得了显著进展，但目前仍处在研究试验阶段，并未种植。

Section '(The ministry of agriculture science and technology development center director):Our country also carry out the transgenic soybean research work,In the soybean discover new genes/Transgenic technology platform construction and development of new varieties and has made significant progress,But at present is still in the test phase,Did not grow.

　　转基因会影响传代生殖能力吗 Gm will affect transfer of culture reproductive capability

　　黄昆仑（中国农业大学教授）：转基因大豆问世以来，研发者以及世界各国的多家独立机构进行了大量、长期的食用安全性评价，包括营养学评价、毒理学评价和致敏性评价等。试验证明，新引入的蛋白没有增加毒性风险，食用转基因大豆不会对人体健康产生不良作用。

HuangKunLun(China agricultural university professor):Since the advent of transgenic soybeans,Research and development of all countries in the world, and several independent agencies have done a lot/Long-term edible safety evaluation,Including nutrition evaluation/Toxicology evaluation and the sensitivity evaluation, etc.Test proof,Newly introduced protein did not increase the risk of toxicity,Eating genetically modified (gm) soy won't produce adverse effects on human health.

　　以抗草甘膦（SGT）转基因大豆为例。其转入的基因是来自于土壤农杆菌CP4株系的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸合酶（EPSPS），该蛋白可以使作物对除草剂草甘膦产生抗性。

To fight glyphosate(SGT)Transgenic soybeans as an example.The gene is to come from soil loss of agrobacterium CP4 phosphoenol acetone acyl shikimic acid synthase(EPSPS),The protein can make crops on glyphosate herbicide resistant.

　　这种蛋白基因是植物和微生物中的一种限制酶，普遍存在于人类食物和动物饲料中，具有长期安全食用历史。将该蛋白与数据库中已知毒素的序列进行同源性比对，发现没有序列同源性。美国、日本和韩国学者还分别采用模拟胃肠液对该蛋白进行消化试验，结果显示，在模拟胃液或肠液中，蛋白数秒内完全降解。对该蛋白的小鼠试验表明，当灌胃量达到572 mg/kg体重，蛋白没有对小鼠产生不良反应。可以认为，该蛋白对动物的毒性风险很小。

The protein gene is plants and microorganisms in a restriction enzyme,Are widespread in the human food and animal feed,With long history safe to eat.The protein and the database of known toxin sequence homology for comparison,Found no sequence homology.The United States/Japanese and south Korean scholars also separately using simulated gastric intestinal juice on the protein for digestive test,The results show,In the simulation of gastric juice and intestinal juice,Protein seconds completely degradation.The protein tests showed that the mice,When lavage quantity to 572 mg/kg body weight,Protein no adverse effects on mice.Can think,The protein of animal toxicity risk is very small.

　　此外，美国、日本、中国等国科研人员采用转基因抗草甘膦大豆和非转基因大豆进行了动物亚慢性毒性和传代生殖能力等多项检测。其中，日本采用加热后的大豆粉以30%的添加量饲喂大鼠和小鼠15周，检测生长、进食量、脏器重量和脏器切片等一般毒性指标和免疫毒性指标，结果表明转基因大豆对大鼠无毒性。中国采用这种大豆饲喂大鼠91天，做了进食量、体重、血生化、血常规、尿常规指标和组织病理学检查，结果表明转基因大豆未对动物产生亚慢性毒性。美国对喂养这种大豆的小鼠进行了2—4代繁殖试验的生殖能力检测，分析了胎仔大小、体重、睾丸细胞数量等指标，认为转基因大豆对小鼠无生殖毒性。

In addition,The United States/Japan/Countries such as China's scientific research personnel using transgenic soybean resistance of glyphosate and the transgenic soybean animal and chronic toxicity and transfer of culture reproductive ability test, etc.the,The Japanese use heating of soybean meal with 30% of the adding amount of feeding rats and mice 15 weeks,Detection growth/Food intake/Viscera weight and viscera section and general toxicity index and immune toxicity index,Results show that the transgenic soybean to rat non-toxic.China has adopted the soybean feeding rats 91 days,Made food intake/weight/Blood biochemical/Routine blood/Routine urine index and histopathological examination,Results show that the transgenic soybean to animals not produce the chronic toxicity.The United States to feed the soybean mice on the 2, 4 generation reproduction test reproductive ability test,Analysis of the fetal seed size/weight/Testicular cells number index,Think transgenic soybean on mice without reproductive toxicity.

　　外来基因会破坏食物营养成分吗 A foreign gene can destroy food nutrition

　　黄昆仑：转基因大豆与非转基因对照大豆的营养成分具有实质等同性，且能够被正常消化利用。美国于1992年在6个地点、1993年在4个地点，欧盟2005年在5个地点，以及美国和加拿大在2000、2001和2002年连续3年对多种遗传背景的抗草甘膦大豆的营养成分进行分析，发现抗草甘膦大豆与其亲本大豆在主要营养成分（水分、灰分、蛋白、脂肪、纤维、碳水化合物）和抗营养因子（凝集素、植酸、胰蛋白酶抑制剂），以及脂肪酸和氨基酸组成方面含量相当，并且都在参考文献提供的自然变异范围内。此外，1992年美国还对6个地点收获的大豆进行了加工产品如烤豆粕、脱脂豆粕、蛋白提取物、蛋白浓缩物的主要营养成分分析，结果表明，在加工性能和营养成分方面没有显著差异。

HuangKunLun:Transgenic soybeans and the transgenic soybean nutritional composition control with substance and gay,And can be normal use of digestion.In 1992 the United States in the six place/In 1993, four locations,The European Union in 2005, five sites,And the United States and Canada in 2000/2001 and 2002 for three consecutive years a variety of genetic background of resistance to glyphosate soybean nutrition analysis,Found that resistance to glyphosate soybean and soybean were the main nutrients(moisture/ash/protein/fat/fiber/carbohydrates)And antinutritional factors(agglutinin/Phytic acid/Trypsin inhibitor),And fatty acid and amino acid content is in,And in reference to provide natural variation range.In addition,In 1992 the United States the six place of soybean harvest the processing products such as baking soybean meal/Defatted soybean meal/Protein extract/Protein concentrate the main nutritional composition analysis,The results show that,In the processing performance and nutrition has no significant difference.

　　同时，用加工和未加工的抗草甘膦大豆和非转基因对照大豆喂养大鼠和奶牛4周、肉鸡6周、鲶鱼10周、鹌鹑5天后，分别检测生长指标、饲料转化率、肌肉和脂肪组成（鸡）、牛奶产量和牛奶成分、瘤胃发酵和氮消化率（牛）等营养指标，结果表明，转基因和非转基因大豆对动物具有同等的营养价值。

At the same time,With processing and raw resistance to glyphosate soybean and the transgenic soybean control feeding rats and cows 4 weeks/Chicken 6 weeks/Catfish ten weeks/Quail 5 days,Growth indices were detection/Feed conversion rate/Muscle and fat composition(chicken)/Milk production and milk composition/Rumen fermentation and nitrogen the digestion rate(cattle)Nutrition such as the index,The results show that,Genetically modified (gm) and the transgenic soybean to animals have the same nutritional value.

　　转基因食品会造成基因变异吗 Genetically modified foods can cause genetic variation

　　杨晓光（中国疾病预防控制中心研究员）：人类食用的天然食品中含有各种基因，尚未发现基因的水平转移或跨物种转移。从科学角度看，转基因食品跟其他常规食品不存在特别之处。食品进入人体后会在消化系统的作用下，降解成小分子，而不会以基因的形态进入人体组织，更不会影响人类自身的基因组成。转基因食品不可能改变人的遗传特性。

YangXiaoGuang(China researcher at the centers for disease control and prevention):Human consumption of natural food contains various gene,Have not yet found the level of gene transfer or transfer across species.From the scientific point of view,Genetically modified food with other conventional food does not exist special place.Food into the body will be under the action of the digestive system,Degradation into small molecules,Not in the form of genes into human body tissue,More will not affect human own genetic makeup.Genetically modified foods can't change people's genetic characteristics.

　　转基因与非转基因食品的区别就是转入了特定蛋白质。只要这种蛋白质不是致敏物和毒素，它和食物中的蛋白质就没有本质差别，都可以被人体消化、吸收，不会长期保存在身体里。

Genetically modified (gm) and the genetically modified food is the difference between on the specific protein.As long as the protein is not sensitized things and poison,It and the protein in food there is no essential difference between,Can be human digestion/absorption,Not long-term preservation in the body.

　　彭于发（中国农科院植物保护研究所研究员）：与人吃转基因食品同样的道理，动物吃了转基因大豆饲料，其中的耐除草剂基因和转基因蛋白也会迅速降解，作为营养成分被消化、吸收，不会在体内累积。

Peng in hair(China researcher at the institute of plant protection academy):And people eat genetically modified foods in the same way,Animals eat the transgenic soybean feed,One of the herbicide resistance genes and transgenic protein also can rapid degradation,As a nutrition be digested/absorption,Not accumulated inside body.

　　转基因大豆会使人体过敏吗 Transgenic soybeans will make human body allergic

　　黄昆仑：转基因大豆新引入的蛋白不会增加致敏性风险，转基因操作也没有引起大豆本身的致敏原种类和含量增加。

HuangKunLun:Transgenic soybean newly introduced protein does not increase the risk of allergic reaction,Genetically modified operation also did not cause the soybean itself allergens types and content increased.

　　常见过敏原一般都是生物中含量较高的蛋白质，占总蛋白的1%—80%。而CP4 EPSPS蛋白在转基因大豆中只占总蛋白的0.08%。该基因的供体土壤农杆菌不是过敏原，而且该蛋白可在模拟胃液肠液中被迅速消化。此外，从1995年到2007年，采用欧洲、美国、日本、韩国等易过敏儿童和成年人的血清尤其是大豆过敏患者的血清，与CP4 EPSPS蛋白进行特异性结合试验表明，该蛋白不会与任何过敏血清结合。采用大鼠进行的试验也证实该蛋白无论注射还是灌胃都不会激发动物的过敏反应。

Common allergens are generally high content of protein in living organisms,The total protein 1% - 80%.And CP4 EPSPS protein in transgenic soybean only accounts for 0.08% of the total protein.The gene donor soil agrobacterium not allergens,And the protein in gastric juice can be simulated in the intestinal juice rapid digestion.In addition,From 1995 to 2007,The European/The United States/Japan/South Korea, easy allergic children and adults of serum especially soybean allergic patients serum,And CP4 EPSPS protein than that with the test,The protein will not with any allergy with serum.The rat test also confirmed that the protein whether injection or lavage won't stimulate animal allergic reaction.

　　布鲁姆瓦尔德：转基因食品会导致人体过敏的说法没有依据。

Bloom wald:Genetically modified food allergies can cause human body would have no basis.

　　转基因对人体的长期安全能保证吗 Genetically modified to the human body can ensure the long-term safety

　　杨晓光：转基因食品对人体长期健康效应是转基因安全评价的重要问题之一。转基因食品推到市场之前须经过严格的食用安全性评价，这套评价体系相对于传统食品而言更加严谨甚至苛刻。其中就包括了对人体长期健康效应的评价，在试验过程中采取的是超常量试验，即大大超过常规食用剂量。之所以采用超常量试验，就是考虑到了长期效应，科研上的模型相当于长期效应试验。现行的化学食品、药品多是用这套系统进行验证的。如大鼠90天喂养实验，时间相当于大鼠生命周期的1/8，大鼠2年喂养试验是观察其整个生命周期的慢性毒性试验。

YangXiaoGuang:Genetically modified foods on human long-term health effects of genetically modified (gm) is one of the important problems of safety evaluation.Genetically modified food push to market prior pass strict food safety evaluation,This evaluation system as compared with the traditional food more rigorous and demanding.Including the human long-term health effect evaluation,In the test process is taking the super constant test,That is much more than conventional food dose.The reason is made of super constant test,Is considered the long-term effect,Research on the model equivalent to long-term effect test.The current chemical food/Drug is to use this system for verification.Such as rats fed the 90 days,Time is equivalent to 1/8 of the life cycle of rats,2 years of rats fed test is to observe the whole life cycle of the chronic toxicity test.

　　贝内特（美国加州大学戴维斯分校教授）：人们对转基因作物安全性的担心主要出于不了解，认为转基因属于非自然的育种方式，存在安全隐患。实际上，转基因不过是有选择地引入基因而已，它是人类漫长育种史中的一个发展阶段。

Bennett(Professor at the university of California, Davis):People to concerns about the safety of genetically modified (gm) crops due to don't understand,Think transgenic belong to the natural breeding way,unsafe.In fact,Genetically modified (gm) but is selectively introduced gene just,It is a long history of human breeding in a stage of development.

　　布鲁姆瓦尔德：据美国农业部公布的信息，美国转基因大豆和转基因玉米种植比例均在90%以上。自1996年转基因大豆商品化生产应用以来，上亿美国人直接或间接食用转基因大豆16年，至今未发生一例经过证实的转基因食品安全事故。

Bloom wald:According to the U.S. department of agriculture information published,The United States transgenic soybeans and genetically modified corn planting proportion are more than 90%.Since 1996, the commercialization of transgenic soybean production since application,Hundreds of millions of people in the United States, directly or indirectly, eating genetically modified (gm) soy 16 years,Has not happen proven case of genetically modified food safety accidents.

　　抗草甘膦作物会导致杂草蔓延吗 Resistance to glyphosate crops will lead to the spread of weeds

　　吴孔明（中国工程院院士、中国农科院副院长）：早在抗草甘膦作物应用之前，就已有杂草产生抗药性的报道。实验发现大部分抗性杂草无法与现有的抗草甘膦作物杂交，因此，并无证据表明抗性杂草的产生与种植抗草甘膦作物有直接关系。如同其他生物一样，若杂草长期、大量接触某一除草剂，的确会对该除草剂产生抗性，这是常见的生物现象。

The wu(Chinese academy of engineering/China's vice President of the academy):As early as in resistance to glyphosate crops before application,Has resistant weeds reports.It was found most resistant weeds can't with existing resistance to glyphosate crop hybrid,so,There is no evidence that resistance of weeds produce and planting crops have direct relationship between the resistance of glyphosate.As with other living things,If long-term weeds/A lot of contact with a herbicide,Do the herbicide resistant,This is a common biological phenomenon.

　　本期栏目统筹：孟辉　王梦纯

This section as a whole:MengHui WangMengChun