1. 全国围产期出生缺陷总发生率呈上升趋势，目前约为5.6%，处于世界中等收入国家平均水平 1. The incidence of perinatal birth defects always shows ascendant trend,At present about 5.6%,In the middle-income countries of the world average level

　　在江西省赣州市人民医院，每个月都有几台免费先天性心脏病手术，对象是农村贫困儿童。

In ganzhou city of jiangxi province people's hospital,Every month a few sets of congenital heart disease surgery for free,Object is poor children in rural areas.

　　在心外科病房，记者见到来自会昌县周田镇的萌萌。已经3岁多的她，看上去比实际年龄小得多。“孩子生下来嘴唇是紫的，3天后出院坐电梯时，我发现她喘气变急，脸色发青。医生诊断，患了先心病。” 萌萌的爷爷张庆福说，“小时候喂养可愁坏了人，同龄孩子已经能吃面条了，她还只能喝奶。而且一年有几个月的时间患感冒，感染了好几次肺炎。”

In the heart ward,Reporters saw from HuiChangXian ZhouTian town of MOE.She has been more than 3 years old,Looks much younger than actual age."Children born lips is purple,Three days after discharge from hospital take the lift,I found her breath is urgent,Pale green.The doctor diagnosed,Had FCHT." Come see grandpa ZhangQingFu said,"When I was a child feed can worry about bad people,The same age children can eat noodles,She can only drink milk.And there are a few months in a year of time to catch a cold,Pneumonia infection for several times."

　　据该院副院长何春明介绍，自3年前启动儿童“两病”免费救治工作以来，该院已接诊了178名像萌萌这样的患儿。

According to the hospital, vice President of the HeChunMing introduction,Since three years ago to start children"Two disease"Since the treatment work for free,The hospital has been accepts 178 children like come come.

　　先天性心脏病是胎儿心脏血管发育异常所造成的心血管畸形。它是我国发生率最高的一种出生缺陷，也是我国新生儿自然死亡的首要病因。卫生部监测数据表明，全国先心病发生率呈上升趋势，2011年为2000年的3.56倍。

Congenital heart disease is caused by the abnormal fetal cardiovascular development cardiovascular malformations.It is one of the highest rates of China's birth defects,Is primary cause of neonatal natural death in China.The ministry of health monitoring data shows,The incidence rate of FCHT shows ascendant trend,In 2011 is 3.56 times that of 2000.

　　在北京市妇产医院产科副主任于松眼里，这些年出生缺陷儿在不断增多，有些异常出生时就能发现，比如唇腭裂、无脑儿等，有些则在出生后一段时间甚至数年后才逐步显现。

In Beijing maternity hospital, deputy director of the maternity in the eyes,In recent years increasing in birth defects,Some abnormal birth can be found,Such as cleft lip/Anencephaly, etc,Some period of time after birth and even a few years to appear gradually.

　　在山西的一些医院，经常会有来看遗尿的学生或看腰痛病的青年。医生们检查后发现，这些患者的脊柱通常都有个小裂口，这种隐蔽的小裂口叫隐性脊柱裂。儿童遗尿，10%以上受其影响。得了隐性脊柱裂，即便小时候不遗尿，长大成人后也会腰痛，而且逐渐加重，有人甚至要靠打“封闭”来镇痛。

Some hospitals in shanxi,Often have these students or look at waist painful disease of youth.The doctors found after inspection,These patients with spine usually have a small gap,The concealment of small call recessive spina bifida.These children,Affected by more than 10%.Got recessive spina bifida,Even when I was a child no incontinence,After grow up, also can lumbago,And gradually increase,Some have even want to rely on"closed"To pain.

　　“其实，在神经管畸形中，隐性脊柱裂是症状最轻的一种。重症脊柱裂会导致下半身瘫痪，走路永远是一个梦。”山西省卫生厅妇社处处长郭湛英说，我国是全球神经管畸形高发国家，每年有8万至10万患儿出生。山西、陕西等北方省份，发生率高于全国平均水平。

"In fact,In because neural tube defects,Recessive spina bifida is one of the symptoms of the lightest.Severe spina bifida will result in lower half paralyzed,Walking is a dream forever."Shanxi Province health department woman clubs in GuoZhanYing said,China is the world's high incidence of spinal deformity,From 80000 to 100000 children are born each year.shanxi/Shaanxi, such as the northern provinces,Incidence is higher than the national average.

　　“出生缺陷是指婴儿出生前就已发生的身体结构、功能或代谢异常。”卫生部妇社司妇卫处处长宋莉介绍，我国于1986年建立了以医院为基础的出生缺陷监测系统。监测数据表明，全国围产期出生缺陷总发生率呈上升趋势，目前约为5.6%，处于世界中等收入国家平均水平。以当前年出生人数1600万计算，平均不到30秒就有一名缺陷儿出生，每年新增出生缺陷人口约90万例。其中，出生时临床明显可见的出生缺陷约25万例。

"Birth defects is refers to the baby was born was the body structure/Function or metabolic abnormalities."Health fu club company woman who's SongLi is introduced,Our country was established in 1986 based on the hospital birth defects monitoring system.Monitoring data show that,The incidence of perinatal birth defects always shows ascendant trend,At present about 5.6%,In the middle-income countries of the world average level.With the current number was born in 16 million,An average of less than 30 seconds a birth defects,With birth defects population of about 900000 new cases each year.Among them,Was born about 250000 cases of clinical visible birth defects.

　2.全国将近一成的家庭，承受过或正在承受出生缺陷带来的不幸。在严重出生缺陷患儿中，约40%将成为终生残疾 2. Almost ten percent of the families in the country,Bear or are taking birth defects bring misfortune.In children with serious birth defects,About 40% will be a permanent disability

　　在海口市举办的“世界地中海贫血日”活动现场，11岁的文艺博依在爸爸身边，面色有些黑黄，沉默不语。父亲文兵告诉记者，小艺博一岁半时，体质变得十分虚弱，经常感冒发烧，脸色惨白。经过一段时间检查，被确诊患上地中海贫血症。

Held in haikou city"The Mediterranean anemia"Activities on site,11 years old of literature and art with the beside my father,Some black and yellow complexion,silent.Father WenBing told reporters,Small art at half a year,Constitution become very weak,Often catch a cold have a fever,His face pale.Over a period of time,Was diagnosed with Mediterranean anemia.

　　医生好心地劝文兵：“根治这种病需要骨髓移植，费用至少30万元，但成功率并非100%。你还年轻，可以再生一个……”对于一名下岗工人来说，30万元想都别想。妻子绝望地走了，最初几年，还回来看过孩子，后来就再没露过面。

The doctor kindly advise WenBing:"Effect a radical cure the disease needs a bone marrow transplant,Cost at least $300000,But the success rate is 100%.You're still young,Can regenerate a..."For a laid-off worker,I don't think 300000 yuan.His wife in despair went away,The first few years,Return have children,Later he was never seen again.

　　小艺博发病的时候，每个月都要输血，还要除铁，以免体内铁沉积导致内分泌失调，一个月花销4000元左右。为了给儿子治病，文兵打过各种零工，不管多苦多累，只要能挣钱，他都会去做。然而，即便拼命干活，高昂的医药费还是让他入不敷出，常常是旧债未还，新债又起。

Small art rich of time,Every month to a blood transfusion,And in addition to iron,In order to avoid iron deposition cause endocrine disorders,Spend about 4000 yuan a month.In order to son,WenBing played all kinds of job,No matter how bitter more tired,As long as you can make money,He will do.However,,Even if you work hard,The high medical bills or let him sometimes,Is often old debt did not return,New debt and.

　　由于长期患病，文艺博变得头颅宽大，面黄肌瘦，经常无精打采。“一个重型地中海贫血儿的出生，就像拉开了一场家庭悲剧的大幕。”在带着孩子四处求医的过程中，文兵结识了许多“地贫儿”家庭。许多人家因为给孩子治病，由小康陷入贫困。也有不少父母因不堪重负，放弃孩子治疗。

Due to long illness,Literature and art bo be headed wide,A lean and hungry look,Often listless."A heavy Mediterranean anemia son is born,Like open a family tragedy unfolds."In the process of took the children went to,WenBing met a lot of"The pauper"The family.Because many people give to their children,By a well-off into poverty.There are many parents because of the heavy burden,Give up the child treatment.

　　“出生缺陷不但严重影响儿童的生命和生活质量，也给家庭带来沉重的精神和经济负担。”宋莉说，在社会保障水平总体偏低的情况下，它导致很多家庭因病致贫、因病返贫，贫困地区尤其突出。

"Birth defects not only the serious influence children's life and the quality of life,Also give family bring heavy spiritual and economic burden."SongLi said,In the case of the social security overall level is low,It causes many families become financially/Poverty due to illness,Especially in poor areas.

　　一项调查显示，2005年全国城镇居民家庭人均年收入为1.13万元，而城镇有残疾人的家庭人均年收入仅为4864元；全国农村居民家庭人均年收入为4631元，而农村有残疾人的家庭人均年收入仅为2260元。

According to a survey,In 2005 the per capita annual income of urban households is 11300 yuan,And towns have disabled family average per capita income is 4864 yuan only;The national rural households per capita annual income for 4631 yuan,And rural have disabled family average per capita income is 2260 yuan only.

　　根据我国出生缺陷监测结果，目前累计有近3000万个家庭曾生育过出生缺陷儿，约占全国家庭总数的近1/10。也就是说，全国将近一成的家庭，承受过或正在承受出生缺陷带来的不幸。出生缺陷是我国婴儿残疾的主要原因。在严重出生缺陷患儿中，约40%将成为终生残疾。

According to China's birth defects monitoring results,Currently has nearly 30 million families have fertility birth defects,Accounting for nearly 1/10 of the total number of households in the country.That is to say,Nearly ten percent of families throughout the country,Bear or are taking birth defects bring misfortune.Birth defects are the main reasons for the baby disability in China.In children with serious birth defects,About 40% will be a permanent disability.

　　出生缺陷也是儿童死亡的重要因素，在全国婴儿死因中的构成比排序，出生缺陷由2000年的第四位上升至2011年的第二位，达到19.1%。出生缺陷的发生，也给社会带来沉重负担。据测算，我国每年因神经管缺陷造成的直接经济损失超过2亿元，先天性心脏病的治疗费高达126亿元，唐氏综合征的总经济负担超过100亿元，维持最基本生活费用高达数百亿元。

Birth defects is also an important factor of death in children,In national infant death constitute more than order,Birth defects from fourth in 2000 up to 2011 years of the second,Up to 19.1%.The occurrence of birth defects,Also brings heavy burden to the society.According to the calculation,In China every year for neural tube defects caused by the direct economic losses of more than 200 million yuan,The congenital heart disease treatment as high as 12.6 billion yuan,) the total economic burden of more than 10 billion yuan,To maintain the basic living expenses up to tens of billions of dollars.

　　3. 出生缺陷病因十分复杂。其中，遗传因素占25%，环境因素占10%，不明原因占65% 3. Cause birth defects is very complicated.Among them,Genetic factors accounted for 25%,Environmental factors accounted for 10%,Unexplained accounted for 65%

　　头发细黄的贝贝到了该会爬的年龄了。可他不会爬，不会抬头，扶墙站立时会突然“软趴”。最近皮肤上还长了奶癣，小便也有股怪味。妈妈带他去医院，医生检查后说，贝贝患了苯丙酮尿症，体内缺乏代谢酶，终生只能吃特制奶粉和米面。

Fine hair yellow beibei reached the age when they should climb.But he does not climb up,Don't look up,Help wall stand when suddenly"Soft addiction".Recently on the skin also long tinea of milk,Pee also has a strange smell.Mother took him to the hospital,The doctor said after inspection,Beibei with phenyl acetone urine,Lack of metabolic enzymes in the body,Life can only eat special milk powder and rice noodles.

　　“苯丙酮尿症是一种遗传代谢性疾病。患儿出生时大多表现正常，3—4个月后逐渐表现出智力、运动发育落后，尿液和汗液带有一股鼠尿味，民间俗称‘鼠尿儿’。”于松说。

"Phenyl acetone urine disease is an inherited metabolic disease.Children born with most was normal,3-4 months later showed intelligence gradually/Motor development lag behind,Urine and sweat with a rat urine,People commonly known as‘The rat urine son’."YuSongShui.

　　“我国出生缺陷病种繁多，目前已知的至少有8000—10000种。”中国优生科学协会副会长、北京大学人口研究所所长郑晓瑛表示，出生缺陷病因十分复杂。其中，遗传因素占25%，环境因素占10%，不明原因占65%。

"Birth defects various diseases in China,Known of at least 8000-10000."Eugenic science association, vice President of China/Population research institute of Peking University ZhengXiaoYing said,Cause birth defects is very complicated.Among them,Genetic factors accounted for 25%,Environmental factors accounted for 10%,Unexplained accounted for 65%.

　　“贝贝所患的苯丙酮尿症和小艺博的地中海贫血症，都是遗传因素所致。”郑晓瑛介绍，前者在我国10万人中有7人发病；后者在广西、广东、海南等南方省区，基因携带者高达20%以上。如果夫妇双方都带有地中海贫血基因，他们的子女患重型地中海贫血症的几率是25%。

"Beibei of phenyl acetone by urine and small art bo of the Mediterranean anemia,Are caused by genetic factors."ZhengXiaoYing introduced,There are 100000 people in the former in 7 people;The latter in guangxi/guangdong/In hainan, such as southern provinces,Gene carriers as high as 20% above.If the couple both with Mediterranean anemia,Their children suffer from heavy Mediterranean anemia chance is 25%.

　　出生缺陷可由染色体畸变、基因突变等遗传因素或环境因素引起，也可由这两种因素交互作用或其他不明原因所致，通常包括先天畸形、染色体异常、遗传代谢性疾病、功能异常如盲、聋和智力障碍等。环境因素包括生物、化学和药物等多种因素，如母亲在怀孕期间感染了风疹病毒、梅毒、艾滋病等；长期接触X光射线或铅、镉、汞、甲醛、有机溶剂等有害有毒物质；使用了某些致畸药物。环境和遗传环境因素相互作用引发的出生缺陷，包括某些先天性心脏病、脑积水、脊柱裂等。一些儿童耳聋，是因为孩子携带了某种耳聋基因，在服用链霉素等药物的刺激下诱发致病。

Birth defects can be made of chromosome aberration/Gene mutations caused by genetic or environmental factors, etc,Can also be used by these two factors interact or other unknown reason,Usually include congenital malformations/Chromosome abnormality/Genetic metabolic diseases/Dysfunction such as blind/Deaf and mental retardation.Environmental factors including biological/A variety of factors, such as chemistry and medicine,If the mother during pregnancy the rubella virus infection/syphilis/Such as HIV/AIDS;Long-term contact with x-rays or lead/cadmium/mercury/formaldehyde/Harmful toxic substances such as organic solvent;Use some teratogenic medicines.Environmental and genetic factors caused by the interaction between birth defects,Including some congenital heart disease/hydrocephalus/Such as spina bifida.Some children deaf,Because children carry some deaf genes,Under the stimulation of streptomycin and other drugs cause disease.

　　郑晓瑛强调，我国出生缺陷发生率上升，还与孕妇自身的生理因素有关。

ZhengXiaoYing stressed,Rising incidence of birth defects in our country,Also related to pregnant women's physiological factors.

　　一是高龄孕产妇比例逐年上升。目前，北京、上海等大城市的医院里，35岁以上的产妇约占一成以上。研究发现，随着孕妇年龄提高，染色体异常总发生风险迅速提高。准妈妈年龄在35岁以上，生育先天愚型、“兔唇”缺陷儿的风险提高2—3倍。

One is at the age of pregnant and parturient women proportion is rising year by year.At present,,Beijing/In hospital in Shanghai and other big cities,35 pregnant women over the age of about ten percent above.The study found that,As women age,Chromosome abnormality happen risk increase rapidly.Expectant mothers in people over the age of 35,Congenital down fertility/"Cleft lip"2-3 times higher risk of defects.

　　二是孕妇营养失衡导致部分微量元素缺乏，特别是碘与叶酸缺乏。叶酸来自于新鲜绿叶蔬菜及柑橘类水果等。孕妇缺乏叶酸，会导致神经管发育动力不足，出现神经管畸形缺陷。山西、内蒙古等神经管畸形高发的北方地区，妇女普遍严重缺乏叶酸，叶酸水平只为南方妇女的1/3。另外，孕妇怀孕前吸烟、喝酒等，也是导致出生缺陷的原因之一。

Second is pregnant women nutrient unbalance leads to lack of some trace elements,Especially iodine and lack of folic acid.Folic acid from this green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, etc.Pregnant women lack of folic acid,Will lead to the development of neural tube defect,Because neural tube defects bugs.shanxi/Because neural tube defects such as Inner Mongolia high incidence of the north region,Women is a serious lack of folic acid,Folic acid level only 1/3 of the southern women.In addition,Pregnant women smoking during pregnancy/Drink etc.,Is also one of the reasons lead to birth defects.

　　卫生部妇幼保健与社区卫生司司长秦怀金指出，当前，我国出生缺陷防治面临巨大挑战。一是我国人口基数大，出生缺陷患儿绝对数量多。二是出生缺陷病种多、病因复杂，且多数病因不明，缺乏特异性的干预技术和措施。同时，受经济条件、医疗水平、地理环境、传统文化、健康知识普及程度等因素的影响，一些有效的干预措施尚未得到应用和普及。三是出生缺陷防治地区间发展不平衡，中西部地区的出生缺陷防治工作明显落后于东部地区，防治体系不健全，综合防治能力不足。四是出生缺陷防治网络尚不完善，出生缺陷防治专业人才队伍建设、学科建设和科学研究亟须加强，出生缺陷患儿医疗保障制度有待进一步完善。（记者 李晓宏）

QinHuaiJin pointed out that the head of the department of maternity and child health and community health,The current,Prevention and control of birth defects in China is facing a great challenge.A is a large population in China,Birth defects in children with absolute quantity.2 it is birth defects disease/Cause complicated,And the majority of unknown etiology,Lack of specificity of intervention techniques and measures.At the same time,By the economic conditions/Medical level/Geographical environment/The traditional culture/Health knowledge popularization degree of factors,Some effective measures of intervention has not been application and popularization.3 it is birth defects prevention and control of the imbalance in development between regions,In the Midwest of the prevention and control of birth defects obviously lags behind that of the eastern region,Prevention and control system is not sound,Comprehensive prevention and control ability.Four is birth defects prevention and control network is still not perfect,Birth defects prevention and specialized talented person troop construction/E. strengthening discipline construction and scientific research,Children with birth defects of medical security system needs further improvement.(The reporter LiXiaoHong)