全国肿瘤登记中心日前发布的《2012中国肿瘤登记年报》引发热议。数据显示，我国每分钟就有6人被确诊为癌症。同时，癌种也呈现地域化特点，如胃癌集中在西北及沿海，而广东则被划为肝癌高发地区。

National cancer registration center has released[2012 Chinese cancer registration annual report]Cause of hot debate.Data display,Every minute in our country have 6 people have been diagnosed with cancer.At the same time,Cancer also present a regional characteristics,Such as gastric cancer concentrated in the northwest and coastal,And guangdong is belong to liver cancer high-risk areas.

　　记者了解到，该数据来源于24个省的72个监测点，覆盖8547万人。年报显示，每年新发肿瘤病例约为312万例，平均每天8550人，这意味着全国每分钟有6人被诊断为癌症。

The reporter understands,The data comes from 24 provinces 72 monitoring stations,Covering 85.47 million people.Annual report shows that,New hair every year about 3.12 million cases of cancer cases,An average of 8550 people every day,This means that every minute of the six people diagnosed with cancer.

　　

年龄段：40岁起发病率翻番 age:Forty years old up double incidence

　　从年龄段来看，恶性肿瘤发病率全国35岁～39岁年龄段为87.07/10万，40岁～44岁年龄段几乎翻番，达到154.53/10万；50岁以上人群发病占全部发病的80%以上，60岁以上癌症发病率超过1%，80岁达到高峰。

From age to,The incidence of malignant tumor 35 to 39 years old age was 87.07/10,Forty years old ~ 44 years of age have nearly doubled,To 154.53/10;Fifty years old people of all the more than 80% of the disease,Sixty years old cancer incidence rate more than 1%,80 - year - old peak.

　　

死亡率：因癌症死亡率13% mortality:Because cancer mortality was 13%

　　从死亡率来看，全国肿瘤死亡率为180.54/10万，每年因癌症死亡病例达270万例。我国居民因癌症死亡的几率是13%，即每7至8人中有1人因癌死亡。肿瘤死亡率男性高于女性，为1.68:1。

See from the mortality,National cancer mortality was 180.54/10,Cancer deaths every year because of 2.7 million cases.Residents in our country the risk of death from cancer is 13%,That is every seven to eight people have 1 person for cancer death.Cancer mortality men than women,1.68:1.

　　

病种：肺癌是“众癌之首” disease:Lung cancer is"The carcinoma of"

　　从病种看，居全国恶性肿瘤发病第一位的是肺癌，其次为胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和食管癌，前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤的76.39%。居全国恶性肿瘤死亡第一位的仍是肺癌，其次为肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌。死亡率最高者男女均为肺癌。男性其他主要死因癌症包括肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌；女性其他主要死因癌症包括胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌。

See from the disease,The malignant tumor in the first is lung cancer,Secondly for gastric cancer/Colorectal cancer/Liver cancer and esophageal cancer,The top ten malignant tumor accounted for 76.39% of all malignant tumor.In the country the first death of malignant tumor is still lung cancer,Secondly for liver cancer/Gastric cancer/Esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer.Mortality compared with men and women are lung cancer.The other major cause of male cancer including liver cancer/Gastric cancer/Esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer;Women's other major cause of cancer including gastric cancer/Liver cancer/Colorectal cancer and breast cancer.

　　

地域：河南河北多食管癌 regional:Henan hebei many esophageal cancer

　　数据显示我国癌症发病呈地域分布明显，其中，食管癌高发区主要集中河南、河北等中原地区；胃癌高发区主要集中在西北及沿海各省市，如上海、江苏、甘肃、青海等较为突出；肝癌高发区集中在东南沿海及东北吉林等地区。

Data shows that our country cancer is obvious regional distribution,the,Esophageal cancer takes mainly henan/Hebei province in the central plains, etc;The high gastric cancer are mainly concentrated in the northwest and coastal provinces,Such as Shanghai/jiangsu/gansu/Qinghai relatively prominent;Liver cancer in the high concentration in southeast coastal and northeast jilin, etc.

　　

对话全国肿瘤登记中心副主任陈万青： Dialogue national cancer registration, deputy director of the center ChenWanQing:

　　

地域分布与文化饮食有关 Regional distribution and culture about diet

　　记者：这次年报统计的是哪一年的数据？您预计未来这一趋势又将如何变化？

reporter:The annual statistics which years of data?You expected future this trend and how will it change?

　　陈万青：是2009年的数据。未来肯定是上升的。发布两三年前的数据是国际惯例，因为肿瘤登记存在上报延迟的问题。国际上肿瘤登记最快也是两年，一般都要3年。肿瘤是慢性病，我们看时间趋势都是10年、20年的维度。

ChenWanQing:Is 2009 years of data.The future must be rising.Two or three years ago by the data's international practice,Because the tumor registration report the problem of delay there.The international registration of tumor the fastest and two years,Generally 3 years.Tumor is a chronic disease,We see time trend is ten years/Twenty years of dimension.

　　记者：这次肿瘤有很明显的地域分布特点，这是为什么呢？

reporter:The tumor has obvious regional distribution characteristics,This is why?

　　陈万青：癌症发病率之所以分布不均，与当地人种家族聚居的现象不无关系。而且与当地的土壤、水质，比如哪种微量元素的含量偏高偏低，另外还有文化传统、饮食习惯的影响。一些地方喜欢吃腌菜和咸鱼等。

ChenWanQing:Cancer incidence of a disease is uneven distribution,With the local people in a family is the phenomenon of relationship.And with the local soil/Water quality,What kind of trace elements such as the content of low is on the high side,In addition to traditional culture/The influence of eating habits.Some places like to eat pickles and salted fish, etc.

　　记者：这一数据将来会怎样？

reporter:The data will be how?

　　陈万青：我们做过预测，发病人数肯定是逐年上升的。这里面有老龄化逐步加剧的因素，发病和死亡人数都会上升，每一类肿瘤的发病率都会上升。如果去除老龄化因素，我们会发现肺癌、乳腺癌等发病率是增加的，胃癌、食管癌是下降的，肝癌则可能是持平的。

ChenWanQing:We do a forecast,The number must be of rising.There are aging gradually increasing factors,Incidence and death toll will rise,Every type of cancer incidence of a disease will rise.If remove aging factors,We will find that lung cancer/Such as breast cancer incidence of a disease is increasing,Gastric cancer/Esophageal cancer is falling,Liver cancer is likely is the same.

　　记者：有没有数据预测呢？

reporter:Any data to predict it?

　　陈万青：我们预测2015年全国每年新发病例达到364万人。

ChenWanQing:We forecast 2015 new cases each year 3.64 million people.

　　

粤肺癌发病率提高 Guangdong lung cancer incidence of a disease to improve

　　

女性宫颈癌年轻化 Young women cervical cancer

　　

广东多肝癌因肝炎病人多 Guangdong liver cancer patients because of hepatitis

　　中山大学肿瘤防治中心医生卢震海对“广东多肝癌”的结果表示并不奇怪：“因为目前中国肝癌主要是肝炎性的，而广东流动人口多，肝炎病人也多，很正常。”

Sun yat-sen university cancer prevention and control center for the doctor LuZhenHai"Guangdong liver cancer"Results said is not surprising:"Because China's liver is mainly hepatitis sex,And guangdong mobile population,Hepatitis patient also many,Very normal."

　　中山大学附属肿瘤医院梁文华医生强调，目前欠发达地区接种疫苗还不够规范，很多确认乙肝患者也没有进行药物早期干预。所以如果能在以上两个方面有所改善，肝癌的发病率就有望逐步下降。他特别提醒：“很多人觉得乙肝疫苗出生时打过就不用打，但这种保护作用也有时限性的，应该在每次接种后3～5年复查，视情况再次接种。”

Affiliated hospital of sun yat-sen university tumor LiangWenHua doctors emphasize,At present owed the developed local vaccination also is not standard,Many patients with chronic hepatitis b confirm no drug early intervention.So if we can in the above two aspects improve,The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to step down.He special remind:"A lot of people think that hepatitis b vaccine was born a don't have to play,But this kind of protection also have time limit sex,Should be in every time after inoculated 3 ~ 5 years to review,As the case again inoculation."

　　

农村肺癌发病率增长快 Rural lung cancer incidence of a disease is growing faster

　　中山大学附属肿瘤医院预防医学部副主任曹素梅表示，广东近年的癌症发病总体趋势与全国的情况是一致的，但也有自己的特点：一是肝癌、鼻咽癌的发病率虽高但保持稳定；二是肺癌发病率正在不断增高；三是女性宫颈癌年轻化的特点明显。

Affiliated hospital of sun yat-sen university cancer preventive medicine, deputy director of the CaoSuMei said,Guangdong in recent years with the national cancer overall trend is consistent,But also has its own characteristics:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a/The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is high but remained stable;The second is lung cancer incidence is increasing;The third is the characteristics of young women cervical cancer significantly.

　　她说，肺癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌一直是广东男性癌症死亡率的前3位。近年的数据可以发现，城市和农村的肺癌病例都增长明显，因为汽车尾气等污染严重。目前，城市的发病率依然高于农村，但农村的吸烟率高于城市，而且因为农村人口外出打工等原因，造成农村肺癌发病率增长非常快。

She said,Lung cancer/Liver cancer/Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been guangdong male cancer mortality front three.Recent data can be found,Urban and rural areas of lung cancer cases are increased substantially,Because the car tail gas pollution, etc.At present,The incidence of city is still higher than the countryside,But rural smoking rates above the city,And because the rural population in a wait for a reason,Lung cancer incidence in countryside is increasing very fast.

　　而女性宫颈癌以前很少出现在30岁以下的女性患者，目前也开始增多，有年轻化的趋势，这与通过性行为感染HPV有关。

While women before cervical cancer rarely occur in 30 years old the following female patients,At present also began to increase,Have the trend of the young,And through the sex on HPV infection.

　　

梅县潮汕地区食管癌高发 Mei country chaoshan district esophageal cancer high-risk

　　在广东省内，癌症发病也带有地域特点。曹素梅发现，在梅县和潮汕地区，食管癌高发。调查显示，这与这两个区域的移民组成有关，来自河南等中原地区的移民保留了食管癌高发的特征，推测可能与多食腌制食物、粗硬食物以及过烫的粥和茶水有关。

In guangdong province,Cancer also with regional characteristics.CaoSuMei found,Mei country and in chaoshan area,High incidence of esophageal cancer.Investigation shows that,This and the two areas of the immigrants,From henan zhongyuan area such as immigrants retain the high incidence of esophageal cancer characteristics,It has been speculated that it may and eating pickled food/Hard food and hot porridge and about tea.

　　而在西江流域的几个城市，例如广州、肇庆、中山等地，鼻咽癌是高发病种。曹素梅认为，鼻咽癌才是广东地域特点最为明显的癌症病种，这种癌症在中国北方的发病率平均不到1/10万，但在广东可达到20～30/10万，即使在全球来说也是典型的高发地区，因此鼻咽癌俗称“广东瘤”。

And in a few cities in the west river basin,Such as guangzhou/zhaoqing/Zhongshan, etc,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a high incidence of disease.CaoSuMei think,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most obvious characteristics of guangdong region of cancer diseases,The incidence of cancer in northern China on average less than 1/10,But in guangdong can achieve twenty ~ 30/10,Even in the world is also the typical high-risk areas,So called nasopharyngeal carcinoma"Guangdong tumor".

　　在广东鼻咽癌之所以高发，目前有以下几种推测：第一，广东人基因中具有鼻咽癌高发的遗传特征；第二，腌制食物中的亚硝胺有致癌的作用；第三，广东地区生长有多种能促进EB病毒激活的植物。另外，吸烟也会激活EB病毒。(文/记者李颖、杨洋、贺涵甫)

In guangdong nasopharyngeal carcinoma is high,There are several speculation:The first,Cantonese genes have high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) genetic characteristics;The second,Pickled food of nitrosamines have carcinogenic effect;The third,Guangdong area there are many can promote the growth of EB virus activation of plants.In addition,Smoking will also activate EB virus.(Text/reporter kit-tai/YangYang/HeHanFu)

　　

广东：专家吁建肿瘤登记系统 guangdong:Experts was built tumor registration system

　　近日，我国首次发布肿瘤发病情况登记年报，称近20年来癌症呈现年轻化及发病率和死亡率“三线”走高。广东肿瘤防治专家昨天表示，由于尚未建立覆盖全省的肿瘤发病登记系统，目前，广东肿瘤发病情况基本靠“粗略估计”。

recently,China's first release tumor incidence of annual registration,Says nearly twenty years younger and present cancer incidence of a disease and mortality"Three line"Go high.Guangdong cancer prevention and control experts said yesterday,Because the tumor has not been set up covering the whole province the registration system,At present,Guangdong tumor incidence basic depend to"roughly".

　　“肿瘤发病率的差异与人种、生活方式的不同等因素有关。同一种肿瘤，在中国南北方的发病率可能相差很大。”中山大学附属肿瘤医院院长助理钱朝南说，天津、上海等地都已建立起本地肿瘤发病情况登记系统。

"Cancer incidence of a disease of the differences and race/Lifestyle factors such as different relevant.The same kind of tumor,In China the incidence of China may vary considerably."Affiliated hospital of sun yat-sen university tumor dean assistant money toward the south said,tianjin/Shanghai has set up local tumor incidence registration system.

　　

摸清“家底”制定政策才有数 of"resources"Policy to have

　　广东在这方面仍是空白。广东医学界有识之士多年前即酝酿建立涵盖全省所有医院的肿瘤发病登记系统，了解准确的肿瘤发病情况。但由于缺乏支持，屡次努力均不了了之。

Guangdong in this respect is still blank.Guangdong medical insight years ago is brewing establish covers all the hospital cancer pathogenesis registration system,Know the exact tumor incidence.But due to lack of support,Repeated efforts are dropped.

　　建立肿瘤发病登记系统的意义何在？专家指出，摸清了“家底”，在制定医疗资源的投入等政策时，心中才会有数。

Establish tumor onset of the meaning of the registration system?Experts say,the"resources",In making medical resources investment policy,Heart will have.

　　以肝癌防治为例。在这次公布的肿瘤发病地图上，广东是肝癌的高发区。“乙肝在肝癌高发因素中排在第一位，广东是乙肝大省。”广东省医学会感染病专业委员会主委、中山大学附属第三医院感染科高志良教授说。

With liver cancer prevention and control as an example.In the published cancer incidence on the map,Guangdong is the high of hepatocellular carcinoma."Hepatitis b in liver cancer high-risk factors ranked in the first place,Guangdong province is hepatitis b."Guangdong province medical association professional committee chair infection/The third affiliated hospital of sun yat-sen university professor said GaoZhiLiang infectious disease.

　　广东各地乙肝疫苗的接种情况冷热不均，统计数据总的来说比较准确。专家指出，建立肿瘤发病登记系统，能摸清各地肝癌发病的家底，与疫苗接种情况相对照，就能判断出疫苗对防控肝癌的实际效果。钱朝南说，在肿瘤高发的大背景下，如果现在不做，“20年后，这仍是一笔糊涂账。”

Guangdong around the hepatitis b vaccine inoculation uneven and situation,Statistical data generally more accurate.Experts say,Establish tumor pathogenesis registration system,Can all the liver cancer incidence of resources,And vaccination are enormous,Can judge a vaccine for prevention and control of the actual effect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Money toward the south said,In the background of cancer cases,If you don't do it now,"Twenty years later,This is still a a mess."

　　

北京：肺癌发病率10年增56% Beijing:Lung cancer incidence increased by 56% 10 years

　　北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室监测数据显示，2010年肺癌位居北京市户籍人口男性恶性肿瘤发病的第1位，在女性中居第2位，仅次于乳腺癌。2001～2010年，北京市肺癌发病率增长了56%。全市新发癌症患者中有1/5为肺癌患者。2010年，北京市户籍居民肺癌死亡率达48.9/10万，亦居“众癌之首”。

Beijing cancer prevention and control research office monitoring data shows,2010 lung cancer in Beijing household register population male malignant tumor of the 1 a,In women in the second,After breast cancer.2001 ~ 2010,Beijing lung cancer incidence increased by 56%.The new cases of cancer patients with 1/5 of patients with lung cancer.In 2010,,Beijing household residents of lung cancer mortality of 48.9/10,Also in"The carcinoma of".

　　不仅如此，35岁以上人群的肺癌发病率上升加速；且男性发病率高于女性，北京的肺癌患者男女比例为172∶100。

Not only that,More than 35 years old the lung cancer incidence rates accelerated;And the incidence of men than women,Beijing lung cancer gender ratio for 172:100.

　　

上海：将肿瘤预防“关口”前移 Shanghai:Tumor prevention"gates"reach

　　“不仅是胃癌或者肝癌，所有癌症的治疗最重要的还是在于预防。”复旦大学附属肿瘤医院副院长叶定伟说，早期发现的癌症，其治愈率和存活率均比较高。

"Not only is the stomach or liver cancer,All cancer treatment is the most important still is prevention."Fudan university affiliated tumor hospital, vice President of the YeDingWei said,Early detection of cancer,The cure rate and survival rate is higher.

　　“虽然我们现在还做不到像欧美发达国家那样的定期筛查，但可以在某些特定高危人群里做先行试点。”叶定伟告诉记者，在美国，普通民众进行体检时，都会将老百姓肠胃检查情况记录在案，“只要被及时发现，很多异变的部分在做胃镜时就可以被切除，成本也比较低。”

"Although now we still do not like the European and American developed country that regular screening,But can in some specific high-risk groups in the first pilot."YeDingWei told reporters,In the United States,Ordinary people are physical,Will people intestines and stomach inspection situation on the record,"As long as was discovered in time,A lot of variation in the part of doing gastroscope can be resection,Cost is low."

　　记者就此专门采访了上海和江苏两地的卫生主管部门。上海卫生局工作人员表示，上海目前正在推行的家庭医生和社区医院两项措施，就是为了将疾病预防的“关口”前移，“医生就在身边，哪里有个病痛，医生上门服务，定期检查，这正是我们的初衷”。据悉，上海的各大综合医院已经基本建立了恶性肿瘤申报制度，任何一家医院检查到此类患者，都有专用的申报卡，由卫生部门统一存档。

The reporter interviewed in Shanghai and jiangsu of both the competent department of health.Shanghai health bureau officials said,Shanghai are currently carrying out family doctor and community hospital two measures,To the prevention of diseases"gates"reach,"The doctor is at hand,Where there is a pain,The doctor door-to-door service,Regular inspection,This is our original intention".It is reported,Shanghai each big general hospital has been basically established the malignant tumor declaration system,Any hospital inspection to these patients,There are special declaration card,The department of health unified file.

　　江苏省卫生厅疾控部门负责人表示，就眼下的实际情况来看，要进行全民的癌症定期筛查比较困难，“其实还是一个经费问题，目前能够覆盖全民的只能是基础的体检，至于那些复杂的检查，比如胃镜等还需要一段时间”。但这位负责人也认为，预防癌症提前筛查是个发展方向，“虽然做不到面面俱到，但江苏还是着手先从某些区域开始，如沿淮河流域的盐城、淮安等地，都已经有了专门的检查项目”。(任珊珊 黄金娟 欧晓芳 江澜)

Jiangsu provincial health bureau disease control department person in charge said,Is the actual situation,To carry out the regular cancer screening is difficult,"There was a funding problems,At present to cover the only is the foundation of medical,As for the complicated inspection,Such as gastroscope and need a period of time".But the person in charge also think,Prevent cancer screening is a development direction in advance,"While trying to do,But to jiangsu or first in some area began,Such as along the huaihe river basin of yancheng/Huaian, etc,All have special inspection project".(As HuangJinJuan shan Europe XiaoFang JiangLan)