花生、骨头、大头针、图钉、塑料球、果冻、耳环、链坠、金属片……这些看起来似乎没有任何关联的物体，都可以在北京儿童医院耳鼻喉科看到，它们的来源是孩子的气管或食道。记者今天从北京儿童医院了解到，随着寒假的来到，气管异物和食道异物的患儿明显增多。耳鼻喉科主任医师张亚梅告诉记者，气管异物和食道异物的患儿现在天天都能遇到，最忙的时候，一晚上就要做三台手术。

peanut/bones/pin/thumbtack/Plastic ball/jelly/earrings/Chain pendant/Sheet metal...These seems to be no associated objects,Can be in Beijing children's hospital otolaryngology see,What is the source of their child's windpipe or esophagus.Reporters today from the Beijing children's hospital to know,As the winter comes,Esophageal foreign body in trachea and children increased obviously.Ent chief physician ZhangYaMei told reporters,Esophageal foreign body in trachea and children every day now can meet,The most busy time,One night will do three station operation.

　　张亚梅说，气管和支气管异物是耳鼻喉科常见的危、急、重症之一，也是宝宝窒息死亡的一个重要原因。气管和支气管异物高发的年龄段是1至5岁，其中75%发生在3岁以下的儿童中。一旦孩子把异物吸进气管或支气管中，只能通过手术治疗，而且危险性比较高。为什么孩子容易发生气管异物呢？张亚梅解释说，这与宝宝的生理特点有关。小宝宝的喉部反射性保护功能发育不完善；牙齿没有长全、咀嚼功能较差，不能完全将食物嚼碎；相对成人来说，情绪不稳定，嘴里含着食物哭闹、大笑的情况相对更多；孩子爱跑动，而跑动时吃东西很容易呛进气管。

ZhangYaMei said,Tracheal and bronchial foreign body is ent common dangerous/urgent/One of severe,Is the baby suffocation death is an important reason.Tracheal and bronchial foreign body high age is 1 to 5 years old,75% of which occurred in 3 years old of the following children.Once the child suck or bronchial foreign body in the inlet pipe,Only through the surgery,And the risk is higher.Why do children prone to trachea?ZhangYaMei explained,The baby's physiological characteristics about.The baby's throat reflectivity protection function is not perfect development;Teeth not long full/Chewing function is poor,Can't completely will chew your food;Relative adults,Emotional instability,In the mouth holds the food crying/The laughter relative more;Children love to run,And when running eat easily choke intake pipe.

　　在耳鼻喉科，医生从孩子气管里取出的异物千奇百怪，其中80%以上可以归属在植物性食物这一大类中，包括花生、瓜子、苹果、大豆、核桃等，其中花生最常见；此外，还有肉类、骨头等动物性食品，大头针、螺丝钉、图钉等金属类异物，笔帽、哨、塑料球、玩具零件等塑料性异物，果冻、降热垫芯等胶冻样异物。这几类异物中，医生最头疼的就是带皮的豆子(特别是蚕豆)、笔帽、圆球、带尖的特型异物(如图钉)等，这些东西想要取出来特别困难。

In otolaryngology,The doctor from child in the trachea foreign body out of all sorts of strange things,More than 80% of them can belong in plant food in the categories,Including peanuts/Melon seeds/apple/soybean/walnut,The most common of peanuts;In addition,And meat/Bones and other animal food,pin/screws/Studs and metal kind of foreign body,cap/tower/Plastic ball/Toy parts plastic sex foreign body,jelly/Drop thermal pad core and jelly sample foreign body.This a few kinds of foreign bodies,The doctor is the most headache is skin beans(Especially broad bean)/cap/ball/Take pointed typecast foreign body(Such as studs)etc,These things want to take special difficulties.

　　张亚梅说，再好的技术手段也赶不上家长的预防。她发现新加坡气管异物的患儿很少，后来才了解到，新加坡的法律规定家长不要给5岁以下孩子吃坚果。她特别建议，3岁以内婴幼儿的家长尽量不要给孩子吃带壳的干果类食物，如果孩子一定要吃，可以碾碎了吃、也可以让孩子在一边安安静静吃东西，别在孩子吃东西时逗孩子。一旦发生气管异物，小一点的孩子可以趴在成人的膝盖上，头朝下，家长拍打孩子背部，使异物随体位坠落而出；稍大的孩子如果发生气管异物，家长可以站在孩子的身后，抱住孩子、两手折叠向孩子的上腹部使劲儿地、有节奏地向上顶压，让肺内空气把气管里的异物冲带出来。(记者贾晓宏）

ZhangYaMei said,It is a good technology to also fail to catch the parents of prevention.She found that Singapore trachea of children rarely,Afterwards just know,Singapore law parents don't give below 5 years old children eat nuts.She has a particular advice,Within three years of infant parents try not to give children eat shelled nuts kind of food,If a child must eat,Can crush eat/Also can let the child in the quiet side to eat,Don't eat in children with the kids.Once occurred in trachea,Small children can lie prone on adult's knee,Upside down,Parents beat the child back,Make foreign bodies fall out with the position;Older children in the event of trachea,Parents can stand behind in children,Hold children/To the child's hands folded on abdominal strain to land/Rhythmically up top pressure,Let the air in the lungs of the trachea foreign body impact brought out.(Reporter JiaXiaoHong)