急性肾损伤是由各种原因引起的不超过3个月的肾脏结构或功能的异常，表现为肾功能短期内进行性下降（48h内至少两次检查血肌酐升高绝对值＞0.3 mg/dl，或者尿量

Acute kidney injury is caused by various reasons of not more than 3 months of abnormal structure or function of the kidneys,Characterized by short term progressive renal function decline(Within 48 h at least twice to check blood creatinine increased absolute value > 0.3 mg/dl,Or the amount of urine<180ml>

　　日常生活中，人们感冒后常常自行服用抗生素、退烧药，效果看似“药到病除”，但临床上常常见到就是因为服用感冒药而导致急性肾损伤。因此民间一直认为是药三分毒，用药要谨慎是不无道理的。这是因为，肾脏是人体重要的解毒和排泄器官，我们吃进去的绝大部分要经肾脏浓缩后排泄，导致肾脏局部药物浓度很高，因此，肾脏非常容易受到药物损害。

In daily life,People often cold after self-medication with antibiotics/Fever-reducing medication,Effect seems to be"Be done",But is often seen as taking medicine and clinical results in acute kidney injury.So folk drug toxicity has been considered,Not unreasonably use caution.This is because,Kidneys detoxification and excretion is human body important organ,We eat in the vast majority of the renal excretion after enrichment,Lead to renal local drug concentration is very high,so,Kidneys are very susceptible to the drug damage.

　　最常见的肾毒性药物有：氨基糖苷类抗生素（如庆大霉素）、非甾体抗炎药（解热镇痛药）、抗肿瘤药物、利尿剂、造影剂等。近年来，少数中药也被证明有肾毒性，它们包括含有马兜铃酸成分的中药，例如关木通、天仙藤、广防己、青木香、甘露消毒丸、龙胆泻肝丸、排石冲剂、冠心苏合丸、妇科分清丸等中成药。

The most common renal toxic drugs:Aminoglycoside antibiotics(Such as gentamicin)/Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids)(Antipyretic analgesic)/Antitumor drugs/diuretics/Contrast agents, etc..In recent years,A handful of Chinese traditional medicine also proved to have renal toxicity,They include of traditional Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid,Such as customs also/Fairy cane/Wide stephania/Radix aristolochiae/Dew sterilization pill/Gentian purging liver pills/Row of stone granule/Bolted together pill/Gynecology distinguish proprietary Chinese medicine pills, etc.

　　急性肾损伤最为突出的临床表现就是尿量的减少。正常人尿量平均为每天1500毫升，每天4—8次。如没有发热、大量出汗、大量饮水等，小便量出现骤减，大家一定要引起注意，及时去医院检查，尿液检查可见血尿、蛋白尿和管型尿。急性肾损伤还可因为毒素在体内潴留而引起中毒症状，如：厌食、恶心、呕吐、水肿、心慌气短、呼吸困难等。

Acute kidney injury is the most prominent clinical manifestations is decreased urine output.Normal urine volume 1500 ml per day on average,4-8 times a day.If no fever/A lot of sweat/Drinking lots of water, etc.,Urine volume drop,You must pay attention,Go to a hospital checking in time,Urinalysis visible hematuria/Proteinuria and urine tube type.Acute kidney injury can also cause poisoning symptoms due to toxins in the body for retention,Such as the:Loss of appetite/nausea/vomiting/edema/Palpitate shortness of breath/Difficulty in breathing, etc..

　　急性肾损伤固然凶险，但治疗及时可以治愈。关键是早期发现，及时诊治。发现急性肾损伤并不难，对易发人群及时检查尿常规和肾功能，即可早期发现。有时病因诊断不太容易，需要住院做肾脏病理检查。急性肾损伤治疗方法因人而异、因病而异。总体原则是：休息、补充营养、去除病因、保护肾脏功能、纠正代谢紊乱和肾脏替代治疗。由于血液净化技术的应用，严重急性肾衰患者的预后已极大改善。少部分患者可能转为慢性肾衰而需要长期透析。

Acute kidney injury is dangerous,But treatment can cure in time.The key is early detection,Make a diagnosis and give treatment in time.It's not difficult to found in acute kidney injury,For people prone to check urine routine and renal function in a timely manner,Can be detected early.Sometimes it's not too easy to the etiological diagnosis,Need to do the renal pathologic examination in hospital.Acute kidney injury treatment methods vary from person to person/Owing to the different disease.General principle is:rest/Compensatory nutrition/Remove causes/Protect renal function/Correct metabolic disorder and renal replacement therapy.Due to the application of blood purification technology,The outcomes for patients with severe acute renal failure has been greatly improved.A small number of patients may become chronic kidney failure and need dialysis for a long time.

　　虽然大部分急性肾损伤患者在病因去除后，经过积极治疗肾功能可完全恢复正常。但是近年研究发现，急性肾损伤也可以引起慢性肾脏病。有一些急性肾损伤患者可能原先就有慢性肾脏病基础（如老年人），这些患者肾功能不容易恢复正常。

Although most patients with acute kidney injury in causes are removed,After active treatment kidney function can be fully returned to normal.But in recent years, studies have found,Acute kidney injury can also cause chronic kidney disease.There are some patients with acute kidney injury may have chronic kidney disease (CKD) basis(Such as the elderly),It is not easy to these patients renal function back to normal.