急性肾损伤通常是可以预防的,因此发现具有发病风险的患者注意早期预防和早期诊治非常重要。

Acute kidney injury often can be prevented,Therefore found that patients with these risk pay attention to the early prevention and early treatment is very important.

　　那么,究竟哪些人群容易发生急性肾损伤呢?

then,What people are prone to acute kidney injury?

　　一、脱水,容量不足的患者:严重腹泻、呕吐、烧伤等导致全身容量减少的情况下,肾脏血流灌注也随之减少,肾脏本身已处于缺血缺氧的危险环境,此时若接触肾毒性因素,更易致急性肾损伤。

a/dehydration,Capacity lack of patient: severe diarrhea/vomiting/Under the condition of burns and other associated with systemic capacity reduction,There is less renal blood perfusion,The kidney itself is at risk of ischemic hypoxia environment,At this point if contact renal toxicity,Are more likely to cause acute kidney injury.

　　二、老年人:老年人易发生急性肾损伤的原因有:

(2)/Old people: old people prone to acute kidney injury reasons are:

　　(1)随着年龄增长肾脏血流量逐渐下降,肌酐清除率每10 年大约降低10%,肾功能减退使老年人对缺血及毒素的损伤更加敏感;

(1)Renal blood flow decreased gradually with age growth,Creatinine clearance decrease about 10% every decade,Kidney function decline to old people more sensitive to damage in ischemia and toxins;

　　(2)老年人肌肉组织减少,肌肉分解代谢也减少,使得血肌酐水平与肌酐清除率之间缺乏相关性,此时根据血肌酐水平用药非常容易导致用药过量而产生肾毒性;

(2)Reduce the elderly muscle tissue,Muscle catabolism also decreases,Making the lack of correlation between serum creatinine and creatinine clearance,According to the serum creatinine level at this time medicine is very easy to lead to a drug overdose and renal toxicity;

　　(3)老年人肾脏易失钠、肾脏浓缩稀释功能减退等因素增加了脱水和容量不足的发生率,从而易导致急性肾损伤;

(3)The elderly kidney volatile sodium/Reduced kidney concentration dilution function factors such as increased dehydration and the incidence of insufficient capacity,Which can lead to acute kidney injury;

　　(4)自身调节机制的损伤及血管活性物质分泌减少,加速了老年人急性肾损伤的发生及病情的进展;

(4)Its regulating mechanism of injury and vascular active substances secreted decrease,Accelerate the elderly the progress of the occurrence of acute kidney injury and illness;

　　(5)老年人免疫功能差, 各脏器功能减退, 常并存多种疾病。

(5)A poor immune function in the elderly, Each viscera function decline, Often exist a variety of diseases.

　　三、 有慢性肾脏病基础的人:有慢性肾脏病基础的患者对肾损伤危险因素的易感性增加。

three/ People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on kidney injury risk factors increase susceptibility.

　　四、有心、肝、肺等重要脏器基础疾病的人:人体各个器官是一个有机统一的整体,任何一个器官发生病变,都有可能影响到其他脏器的功能。

four/A heart/The liver/Basic important organs such as lung diseases: the human body each organ is an organic unity of the whole,Any organ lesions,Are likely to affect the function of other organs.

　　五、大手术或介入手术后:如严重的心脏瓣膜病(风湿性二尖瓣狭窄等)、先天性心脏病、严重的冠脉病变等需行心脏手术的患者是急性肾损伤的高危人群。多项研究表明,高龄、术中体外循环时间较长、心脏瓣膜置换合并冠脉搭桥手术、术前肾功能异常、合并高血压、合并糖尿病以及术前造影剂的使用等是心脏术后发生急性肾损伤的独立危险因素。

five/After the big surgery or interventional surgery: such as serious heart valve disease(Rheumatic mitral valve stenosis)/Congenital heart disease/Severe coronary lesions such as need to do heart surgery patients are at risk of acute kidney injury.Several studies show that,Old age/Intraoperative extracorporeal circulation for a long time/Heart valve replacement combined coronary artery bypass surgery/Preoperative renal abnormalities/Merger of high blood pressure/Diabetes mellitus and heart preoperative use of contrast agents, etc are independent risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury.

　　六、糖尿病患者:糖尿病患者常合并动脉粥样硬化等并发症,肾动脉也可受累,从而导致肾脏血流灌注不良,因此糖尿病患者也是急性肾损伤的高危人群。

six/Merger is common in patients with diabetes: diabetes complications such as atherosclerosis,Renal artery may also be affected,Resulting in poor renal blood perfusion,So people with diabetes are at risk of acute kidney injury.

　　七、恶性肿瘤患者。

seven/Patients with malignant tumor.

　　八、严重贫血患者:严重贫血时,肾脏也处于相对缺血缺氧状态,对肾毒性因素及损伤的敏感性和易感性增加。

eight/Patients with severe anemia, severe anemia,Kidney is in a state of relative ischemia hypoxia,The renal toxicity increased sensitivity and susceptibility of factors and damage.

　　九、因复杂疾病需要使用多种药物的人群:因长期服用某种药物的毒副作用、对药物的过敏反应、多种药物之间的相互作用等而使这部分人群成为急性肾损伤的高危人群。

nine/Due to the need of complex diseases of multiple drug use: because of the side effects of long-term use of certain drugs/Allergic reactions to drugs/A variety of the interaction between the drug and make this part of the population at risk of acute kidney injury.