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　　●再障是良性疾病，但重型再障不治疗3~6个月内会夺命

Aplastic anemia is a benign disease,But not heavy aplastic anemia treatment will killing 3 ~ 6 months

　　●重型再障正规治疗七八成可生存10年以上

Seven eighty percent low formal treatment of severe aplastic anemia can survive more than 10 years

　　“医院的门诊部常发生这样一幕，慕名前来就医的大婶说：‘医生你帮我量一量血压，看看我是不是贫血。’这么一说我就知道这位大婶一定又是不了解什么是贫血，把血压低理解为贫血了。”广州市第一人民医院血液科主任王顺清说，与高血压、糖尿病这些常见病不同，血液系统疾病发病率低，人们在日常生活中不常碰到，因此认识也就差得多。但血液系统疾病中有不少严重危害人类的健康，就如再生障碍性贫血（简称再障）。

"Hospital outpatient department often happen,Said aunt attracts thousands of medical treatment:‘The doctor you help me to measure the blood pressure,See if I anemia.’So say I knew the aunt is don't know what is anaemic,Low blood pressure as anemia."Guangzhou Wang Shunqing haematology department director of the first people's hospital said,With high blood pressure/These common diseases of diabetes were different,The blood system disease incidence is low,People don't often encounter in our daily life,So to know is worse.But the blood system disease in many serious harm human health,As aplastic anemia(Hereinafter referred to as aplastic anemia).

　　根据他的观察，患者和亲友对再生障碍性贫血的认识容易走两个极端——要么认为再障就是白血病，没治了，要么认为再生障碍性贫血就是一般“贫血”，不治、慢慢治也无所谓。

According to his observation,Understanding of aplastic anemia patients and relatives and friends to go two extremes - either think aplastic anemia is leukaemia,nuts,Or think that aplastic anemia is common"anemia",Don't put/Slowly it doesn't matter.

　　实际上，再障分为重型和非重型，并非“没得治”，也并非“慢慢治也无所谓”。起病急的重型，可能在三至六个月内就能夺命，然而医学界现在已找到成熟的治疗方法，只要及时、规范治疗，10年生存率可达70%~80%，年轻人的治疗效果更好。非重型再障起病缓慢，可以用中西医结合的方法治疗，但重型再障患者就不能依赖中医中药了。

In fact,Aplastic anemia is divided into heavy and not heavy,Is not a"Don't have to cure",Is not"Slowly it doesn't matter".Onset of heavy,May be in three to six months can seizes a life,However, the medical profession is now find mature therapy,As long as the timely/Standard treatment,Ten years of survival rate could reach 70% ~ 70%,Young people's treatment effect is better.The slow onset of the severe aplastic anemia,You can use the method of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,But can't depend on traditional Chinese medicine in patients with severe aplastic anemia.

　　文/记者伍仞 通讯员徐晶、周薇

Wen/reporter wu asked the correspondent xu/Zhou Wei

　　医学指导/广州市第一人民医院血液科主任王顺清

Medical guide/guangzhou Wang Shunqing haematology department director of the first people's hospital

　　70%的患者发病与免疫功能紊乱有关

70% of the patients disease associated with immune dysfunction

　　王顺清介绍，在人体中，骨髓相当于制造血细胞的工厂，功能就是造血。再障是指各种原因引起的骨髓造血功能障碍导致不同程度的全面血细胞减少的疾病，常常表现为面色苍白、头晕气短、鼻孔和牙龈出血、感染发热等。“极少数再障是先天性的，生来就有，但绝大部分为出生后获得，并非遗传病，对后代没有影响。可能由环境污染、接触有毒化学物质、病毒感染或使用某些药物等引起，但70%以上的患者发病原因不明，发病与自身免疫功能紊乱密切相关。”

Wang Shunqing introduction,In the human body,Bone marrow is equivalent to the production of blood cells,Function is hematopoietic.Aplastic anemia is bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction due to a variety of causes lead to different levels of comprehensive blood cells reduce disease,Often performance for the pale/Dizziness, shortness of breath/The nostril and bleeding gums/Infection, fever, etc.."Very few are congenital aplastic anemia,Was born with,But for the most part is obtained after birth,Is not hereditary disease,Has no effect on offspring.Possible by the environmental pollution/Exposure to toxic chemicals/Virus infection or use of certain drugs, etc,But more than 70% of the patients with unknown etiology,Disease is closely associated with autoimmune disorders."

　　根据血细胞减少的严重程度不同，该病可分为重型（包括极重型）再障和非重型再障，而患者和家属对再障认识的误区，往往就在于对不同类型再障的认识错位。王顺清说，目前再障的诊断和治疗技术日趋成熟，困难不大。主要困难首先是患者及其家属对再障认识的不足，未能及时到有经验的医疗中心采取正规的治疗，贻误治疗时机；再就是高额的医药费用限制了正规或及时的治疗，重型再障一切顺利的情况下治疗费用需20万元~30万元，而且大多是一些高级药品，属于自费范畴。

According to the blood cells to reduce the severity of the different,The disease can be divided into heavy(Including the very heavy)Aplastic anemia and severe aplastic anemia,The mistake understanding of aplastic anemia patients and their families,Often lies in the understanding of different types of aplastic anemia.Wang Shunqing said,At present in the diagnosis and treatment of aplastic anemia technology become more mature,Trouble is not big.Main difficulty is first to insufficient knowledge of aplastic anemia patients and their families,Failed to timely to adopt regular treatment experienced medical center,Delay treatment time;And the high medical costs limit the normal or timely treatment,Everything goes well with severe aplastic anemia treatment under the condition of 200000 yuan to 300000 yuan,And is mostly some advanced drugs,At his own expense category.

　　警惕再障认知三大误区

Three main error cognitive vigilance aplastic anemia

　　误区一：“再障等同于白血病”

Myth a:"Aplastic anemia is equivalent to leukemia"

　　“车祸、失忆、白血病”被网友们戏称为“韩剧三宝”。往往在影视作品中，“白血病”的桥段一出，剧情往往以悲剧收尾。白血病因此也成为人们相对熟悉的一种血液病，甚至提到血液病，很多人认为就等同于白血病。其实血液病中有很多类型是良性疾病，包括再生障碍性贫血。

"A car accident/Memory loss/leukemia"Netizens called for"Han the sanbao".Often in film and television works,"leukemia"Sort of a,Plot takes a tragic ending.Leukemia and therefore become a blood relative familiar people,Even when blood disease,Many people think that equates to leukemia.In fact there are many types in the blood is benign disease,Including aplastic anemia.

　　广州市第一人民医院血液科主任王顺清介绍：“再障与白血病是两回事，用通俗的语言来说，再障是骨髓不造血了，而白血病则是骨髓造出了坏血，发病机理是完全不一样的。因此，两者的治疗效果和长期生存率也相差很大。”

Guangzhou Wang Shunqing haematology department director of the first people's hospital is introduced:"Aplastic anemia and leukemia are two different things,In plain language,Aplastic anemia is bone marrow hematopoiesis,The leukemia is bone marrow create bad blood,Pathogenesis is not the same.so,The treatment effect and long-term survival rates also vary widely."

　　“得了再障就没治了”的认识，在数十年前或许还是正确的。但是近20年来，再障的治疗方法日渐成熟，这样的认识需要更新了。据了解，现在，非重型再障通过中西医结合或是长期的免疫抑制剂治疗，一般可以生存10年甚至20年以上，目前危害较大的重型再障的治疗方法也日渐成熟。目前重型再障总体的10年生存率已达70%~80%，20岁以下的年轻人10年生存率达90%以上，而且大多能完全治愈，可以像正常人一样学习、工作、结婚、生子，完全回归社会。

"With aplastic anemia is hopeless"The understanding of the,In a few decades ago may be correct.But in the past twenty years,Aplastic anemia's treatment method is mature,Such understanding needs to be updated.We have learned,now,The severe aplastic anemia by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, or a long-term immunosuppressive therapy,General can survive more than 10 years or 20 years,Currently affecting the larger severe aplastic anemia treatment can mature.At present overall heavy aplastic anemia 10-year survival rate is 70% ~ 70%,20 young people under the age of 10 year survival rate was above 90%,And most can cure completely,You can learn like a normal person/work/To get married/Having a child,Full return to society.

　　但让血液科大夫心痛的是，由于部分重型再障，起病急，病情危重，若未能得到及时救治则死亡率高，而且治疗费用高，容易与急性白血病混为一谈，造成有些患者和家属认为再障治疗效果差、花费高，因此放弃治疗，白白错失治疗、生存机会。

But let the haematology department doctor is heartache,Due to some severe aplastic anemia,Urgent urgent,In a critical condition,If failed to get timely treatment, mortality is high,And the high cost of treatment,Easily confused with acute leukemia,Due to some patients and families that aplastic anemia therapy effect is poor/Cost is high,So give up treatment,Nothing, miss treatment/survival.

　　误区二：“再障是贫血，慢慢治也行”

Myth 2:"Aplastic anemia is anemia,Slowly put to also go"

　　对再障认识的另一误区则完全相反。有些民众知道再障不是恶性疾病，身边也看到一些长期生存的再障病友，误认为再障是慢性病，通过长期的中草药等治疗可以治愈。

Another myth completely opposite understanding of aplastic anemia.Some people know that aplastic anemia is not malignant diseases,Also saw some of the long-term survival of aplastic anemia patients around you,Mistaken for aplastic anemia is a chronic disease,Through long-term treatment such as Chinese herbal medicine can cure.

　　王顺清表示，再障确实不是肿瘤，但是也不等于慢性病，有些再障起病就是重型，重型再障病人起病急，病情危重，需要得到有效的大剂量的联合免疫抑制治疗甚至是骨髓移植治疗才能治愈。假如得不到非常及时而且有效的治疗，绝大多数在3至6个月内会死亡。一般而言起病后的40天内治疗是重型再障治疗的最佳时机，绝非慢慢治疗可以解决问题的。

Wang Shunqing said,Aplastic anemia is not cancer,But it is not equal to chronic diseases,Some aplastic anemia have disease is heavy,Severe aplastic anemia patients is urgent urgent,In a critical condition,Need to be effectively large doses of treatment with immunosuppressive therapy or even bone marrow transplants can cure.If I don't get very timely and effective treatment,Most will die in 3 to 6 months.Generally within 40 days after onset of therapy is the best time to severe aplastic anemia therapy,Is slowly treatment can solve the problem.

　　对于慢性的非重型再障，一般采取单用环胞霉素、雄激素、中医中药或以上几种联合治疗，往往起效较慢，常两三个月才开始起效，治疗上必须要有耐心。值得注意的是，即使是慢性的非重型再障，也有部分最终会转化为重型再障。

To chronic non severe aplastic anemia,Generally take ring cell alone/androgen/Traditional Chinese medicine or above several kinds of combination therapy,Tend to work slower,Often two or three months to begin to work,Treatment must be patient.It is worth noting,Even the chronic severe aplastic anemia,Some will eventually translate into severe aplastic anemia.

　　王顺清表示，目前国际上权威的专家的共识是：重型再障的治疗越快越好，越早越好，而且要尽早到有治疗经验的医疗中心救治。

Wang Shunqing said,The consensus was that international authoritative expert at present:Severe aplastic anemia treatment as soon as possible,The sooner the better,But as soon as possible to the experience in treatment of medical center for treatment.

　　误区三：“再障最好用中医治疗”

Myth 3:"Aplastic anemia is the most useful treatment in TCM"

　　王顺清指出，网络上某些网站和一些非正规的宣传单上过分夸大中医治疗再障的疗效，致使很多患者起病后首选中医治疗，而错失治疗的最佳时机。他介绍，再障治疗方案的制定需要针对再障的不同类型和每个患者的个体情况而异。重型再障和非重型再障的治疗方案更是完全不同：一般而言，非重型再障起病缓慢，病情较稳定，可以采用中草药、雄激素、免疫抑制剂等中西医结合的方法治疗，并且相当部分患者有较好疗效；但是对于起病急骤的重型再障患者，尤其是小部分极重型再障患者来说，其病情凶险，危害甚至超过急性白血病，必须抓紧时间进行骨髓移植或是大剂量联合免疫抑制治疗，否则很快死亡。

Wang Shunqing pointed out,Internet web sites and some informal handout exaggerate the curative effect of TCM treatment of aplastic anemia,In many patients after onset of the first choice treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,And missed the best time to treatment.He introduced,Aplastic anemia treatment need for different types of aplastic anemia and each patient's individual situation.Severe aplastic anemia and severe aplastic anemia treatment is completely different:In general,The slow onset of the severe aplastic anemia,Condition is relatively stable,Can use Chinese herbal medicine/androgen/Immune inhibitors and other methods of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,And some patients have good curative effect;But for the sudden onset of severe aplastic anemia patients,Especially for a small number of extremely severe aplastic anemia patients,Its dangerous illness,Even more harm than acute leukemia,Must take the time to bone marrow transplantation or large doses combined immunosuppressive therapy,Or die soon.