编者按：四季怎么养生，小儿喂养应注意啥，孕产妇如何保健，按哪几个穴位能救急……这些最基础的中医养生保健知识，最近被北京中医药学会编辑整理，即将作为《北京市民中医药健康素养基本知识与技能》发布。为此本报特别邀请中医专家就其中的要点进行了解读。

Editor's note:How to preserve one's health of the four seasons,Infantile feeding what should be paid attention to,How the maternal health care,According to which a few points to emergency...The most basic of traditional Chinese medicine keeping in good health health care knowledge,Recently compiled by Beijing society of Chinese medicine,Soon as the[Beijing residents health literacy of Chinese medicine basic knowledge and skills]release.For this special invited expert of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key points.

　　春夏养阳，秋冬滋阴 Yang chun,Qiu dong Yin

　　芽菜补阳气 辛辣耗阴津 Sprouts sun be the spirit consumption and hot

　　春天人们爱去踏青，冬天就爱“猫冬”，这其中蕴含着中医养生的道理。北京中医药大学东方医院副教授曹建春说，中医讲究“天人相应”，即人在饮食起居上顺应春夏秋冬四季的变化，才能身体健康。

People love to go for an outing in spring,Love is in the winter"The cat in winter",Which contains the traditional Chinese medicine keeping in good health.Beijing university of Chinese medicine hospital, an associate professor at east Cao Jianchun said,Chinese emphasize"Heaven corresponding",That people on diet daily life conform to the changes in the four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter,To good health.

　　春天是阳气生发的季节，自然界一片欣欣向荣的景象。这时人们应早睡早起，增加户外活动，可登高、踏青、放风筝。

Spring is the season of spring forth sun be the spirit,One in nature.At this time people should be early to bed and early to rise,Increase in outdoor activities,Can climb/For an outing/Fly a kite.

　　阳气是保卫人体免受外邪侵袭的“守护者”。春夏时节，应顺应季节的特点来保护体内的阳气，使之不断充沛和旺盛。春天适合吃豆芽、香椿芽等芽菜，其中蕴含的阳气对人体很有益处，另外可以吃香菜、生姜、葱、蒜等辛温的食物。同时应少吃寒性食物，如绿豆、黄瓜、冷饮等，蔬菜也最好加热吃。

Sun be the spirit is to defend the body against attacks"guardian".Spring, summer, season,,Should conform to the characteristics of the season to protect the sun be the spirit of the body,Energetic and strong.Spring is fit to eat bean sprouts/Sweet ChunYa sprouts, etc,Which contain the sun be the spirit of great benefit to the human body,Also can eat coriander/ginger/Green onion/Garlic XinWen food.At the same time, should eat less cold sex food,Such as green beans/The cucumber/Cold drinks and so on,Also had better heat to eat vegetables.

　　秋冬季节，万物敛藏，是休养生息的时节。这时人体需要养精蓄锐，注意养阴。室外活动应减少，心态上要趋于平静，起居上宜早睡晚起。生活上尽量避免伤阴的因素，如外出要防风沙，少吃辛辣食物，少饮酒，居室要加湿等。

Autumn and winter,The folding of the hidden things,Is the rest time.When the human body need to rest,Pay attention to nourishing Yin.Outdoor activities should be reduced,To calm attitude,Living on should be early to bed late.Avoid injury of Yin factors in life,Like to go out to protect themselves from blowing sand,Eat less spicy food,Drink less,A bedroom to add wet, etc.

　　饮食上，秋冬适合吃滋阴、润燥的食物，如桑葚、枸杞、海带、百合、藕、梨、萝卜、生蚝、牡蛎等，可适当增加肉、蛋、奶，以补充能量，弥补和改善体质，抵抗病邪。▲

On the diet,Qiu dong is suitable for eating ziyin/Dryness of the food,Such as mulberry/Chinese wolfberry/kelp/lily/Lotus root/pear/radish/Raw oysters/Oyster, etc.,Can be appropriately increased/The egg/milk,In order to supplement energy,Make up and improve body constitution,Resistance of pathogenic.Bring about

　　老人，呵护肾气要当先 The old man,Protecting kidney to draw

　　在《北京市民中医药健康素养基本知识与技能（试行）》中，有这样一句话：“老年人肾气渐衰，体力渐减，当处处加以呵护。”

In the[Beijing residents health literacy of Chinese medicine basic knowledge and skills(On a trial basis)]In the,There is a word:"The elderly kidney failure gradually,Physical degradation,When all take care."

　　天津中医药大学第二附属医院副主任医师江海涛解释说，肾为先天之本，随着年龄的增加，肾精亏虚，逐渐出现夜尿多、尿频、尿不净、腰膝酸软、健忘、耳鸣（高音频）、耳聋、手脚发凉、白发等，都是肾虚的表现。

The second affiliated hospital of tianjin medical university, deputy director of the physician Jiang Haitao explains,The kidney is the foundation of the birth,With the increase of age,Kidney essence deficiency,Gradually appear more urine at night/Frequent urination/Urine is not clear/Lumbar debility/forgetful/Ringing in the ears(High audio)/deafness/Hands and feet cold/White hair, etc.,Is a sign of kidney empty.

　　保护肾气，首先要生活规律，早睡早起，不要过于劳累，更不能熬夜。夏天注意防暑，冬天防寒保暖。另外，心情愉悦也很重要。

Protect the kidney,First of all to routine,Early to bed and early to rise,Don't be too tired,Don't stay up late.Pay attention to sunstroke in summer,Warm in the winter to keep warm.In addition,Happy is also very important.

　　补肾的药物有地黄、首乌、枸杞子、菟丝子、巴戟天、仙灵脾、肉苁蓉等，老年人可适当选用。但肾虚严重者仅用植物类药材可能补得不够，需要配合使用阿胶、鹿角胶、龟板胶等动物类药材。▲

Kidney drugs rehmannia/Radix polygoni multiflori/medlar/The dodder weed/Medicinal indianmulberry root/A fairy spleen/C. deserticola, etc.,The elderly can choose appropriately.But in serious kidney with plant-based medicines may only enough,Need to cooperate to use glue/Antler glue/Tortoise plastron glue animal medicinal materials, etc.Bring about

　　两个穴位能救命 Two points can help

　　有人晕过去了，立刻会有人给他掐人中。其实，除了人中，还有一个急救穴——内关。

Someone passed out,Someone will give him choke people immediately.In fact,In addition to those,There is an emergency acupuncture point - closed in.

　　中国中医科学院西苑医院针灸科博士蒋可介绍说，内关在手腕横纹正中上方2寸。遇到昏过去的人，按压此穴能升高血压、调节心律，从而恢复神智。紧急情况下，同时按压人中、内关两穴，效果更好。

China academy of xiyuan hospital of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture Dr. Chiang said,Within the confined in horizontal stripes in the middle of 2 inches above the wrist.Meet people fainted,Press the hole can raise blood pressure/Adjust the rhythm of the heart,To restore sanity.Case of an emergency,At the same time of press/Closed in two holes,better.

　　《北京市民中医药健康素养基本知识和技能（试行）》除了介绍人体几个重要穴位，还介绍了刮痧、拔罐、艾灸等中医治疗手段。刮痧能行气、活血、温经、祛风湿，让机体失调的状态恢复正常。拔罐能让气血活动旺盛、经络通畅，达到行气、止痛、消肿、散结、祛风散寒的作用。艾灸就是将灸条点燃后放在穴位上，用温热的感觉刺激穴位，达到温通气血、扶正的作用。灸足三里、关元、神阙三个保健要穴，能提高免疫力；灸神阙穴，能降血压、血糖、血脂。▲

[Beijing residents health literacy of Chinese medicine basic knowledge and skills(On a trial basis)]Several important points in addition to the introduction to the human body,Gua sha is introduced in the paper/Per cutem/Moxibustion treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, etc.Scrapping can do chi/Invigorate the circulation of/warm/(,Let the body disorder status back to normal.Per cutem can let qi activity/Meridian patency,To qi/The pain/Keep the swelling down/fights/The role of the wind cold.After moxibustion moxibustion is a light on the acupuncture point,With warm feelings stimulate acupuncture points,Achieved WenTong vitality/The role of righting.Moxibustion st 36/Guan yuan/CV 8 care to point three,Can enhance immunity;Moxibustion god que acupuncture point,Can lower blood pressure/Blood sugar/Blood fat.Bring about

　

　八味药食最经典 Eight herbs most classic

　　《北京市民中医药健康素养基本知识和技能（试行）》中列举了8味最常见的药食同源药材，天津中医药大学第二附属医院副主任医师江海涛对其进行了解读。

[Beijing residents health literacy of Chinese medicine basic knowledge and skills(On a trial basis)]Lists eight flavour is one of the most common medicine edible herbs,Tianjin university the second affiliated hospital of traditional Chinese medicine of doctor of vice director of Jiang Haitao to learn to read.

　　生姜：能散表寒，适用于风寒感冒的初期，病人须有畏寒、无汗、周身疼痛等表现。生姜入胃经，嚼生姜能止恶心呕吐。

ginger:To hash tables is cold,Apply to chill cold early,The patient must have chills/No sweat/Aches, etc.Ginger into the stomach through the,Ginger chewing can stop nausea and vomiting.

　　菊花：清脑明目，眩晕的病人可做个菊花枕头。“桑菊饮”可用于风热感冒，表现为发热、不怕冷、口干、口渴、出汗、小便黄。另外，眼干、眼涩时，可用菊花加枸杞代茶饮。

chrysanthemum:Clear bright eye brain,Vertigo patients can do a chrysanthemum pillow."Sang ju Yin"Can be used for the wind hot cold,Characterized by fever/Not afraid of cold/Dry mouth/thirsty/sweating/Dr.In addition,Dry eye/Dry eyes when,Available with medlar chrysanthemum tea.

　　紫苏：分为苏叶、苏梗、苏子三种。苏叶解表发汗祛风，苏梗能理气，苏子降气、平喘。

Perilla:Divided into su leaf/Sue terrier/Perilla three.Sue leaves nourish sweating functions,Sue can stem and qi,antiasthmatic/Smooth wheezing.

　　薏仁：能祛湿化痰，治疗肌肉痉挛。体内有湿表现为舌苔厚腻、嘴里发甜发黏、食欲不振，另外大便黏腻，易粘在便池上冲不干净。

yi:To remove wet phlegm,Treatment of muscle spasm.In wet performance for thick greasy tongue coating/Mouth sweet sticky/Loss of appetite,Another shit, gooey,Easy to stick on the urinal flush isn't clean.

　　黄芪：有补气的功效，用于气短、气虚、头晕的病人，能增加抵抗力，预防感冒。

The root of remembranous milk vetch:Have the effect of invigorating qi,Used for shortness of breath/Qi deficiency/Patients with dizziness,Can increase the resistance,Prevent colds.

　　大枣：补脾、养血，有痰湿的人不适合。

jujube:Tonifying spleen/Nourishing blood,People with phlegm wet does not fit.

　　枸杞子：能补肝肾，特别是肝阴不足的病人，表现为口干、眼干等症状。

medlar:Can fill kidney,Particularly in patients of liver Yin deficiency,Characterized by dry mouth/Dry eye symptoms.

　　西洋参：能补气，力度不如党参和人参，但比较平和，不燥，爱上火的人可以用。▲

American ginseng:Can fill gas,As dangshen and ginseng,But very gentle,Don't dry,People fall in love with the fire can be used.Bring about

　　

要想小儿安，三分饥与寒 If you want to children,,Three points of hunger and cold

　　穿衣遵循背暖、肚暖、足暖、头凉原则

Dress to follow back to warm/Belly warm/Feet warm/Principle of head cold

　　如今很多家长在孩子的喂养上操碎了心。其实对于小儿的喂养，中医早就积累了丰富的经验。古人有句话，“若要小儿安，三分饥与寒”。首都医科大学附属北京中医医院儿科王应麟教授指出，孩子属于“稚阴稚阳”体质，即体内精血津液还不充足，内脏功能尚不健全。因此，无论是饮食、起居、穿着，家长都不能把成年人的习惯套用在孩子身上。

Now a lot of parents about children's feeding broken heart.Actually for feeding of children,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine have accumulated rich experience.The ancients have words,"If you want to children,,Three points of hunger and cold".Beijing Chinese medicine hospital affiliated to capital medical university professor of pediatric Wang Yinglin pointed out,Children belong to the"Childish is key to Yin Yang"constitution,Namely in JingXie fluid is not enough,Viscera function is not perfect.so,Whether diet/The living/Dressed in a,Parents can't keep the habit of adults to paraphrase in children.

　　王应麟教授说，小儿发育迅速，生机旺盛，对营养物质的需求比成人多，但其脾胃薄弱，消化能力差，饮食稍有增加就容易引起消化不良。因此，小儿的饮食应注意：1.有节制；2.清淡，不偏食；3.宜暖；4.细嚼慢咽；5.饭前忌动，饭后忌静；6.饭时愉悦；7.定时定量。

Professor Wang Yinglin said,Children develop rapidly,Vitality exuberant,Demand for nutrients than adults,But the weakness of spleen and stomach,Digestive ability is poor,Easy to cause indigestion diet increases slightly.so,Children should be paid attention to your diet:1. The temperate;2. The light,certain;3. Should be warmer;4. Eat slowly;5. Avoid moving before meals,Avoid static after dinner;6. Your pleasure;7. Timing quantitative.

　　另外，古人提倡小儿“薄衣”的穿衣原则。王应麟教授解释说，小儿离开母体后，需要逐渐适应外界冷暖，自己调节体温。如果穿得过多过厚，孩子就会出汗，体液过多消耗，不能很好地适应外界刺激。除了“薄衣”原则，古人还提出了背暖、肚暖、足暖、头凉、心胸凉的衣着主张。▲

In addition,The ancients advocates the children"Thin clothes"The principle of dressing.Professor Wang Yinglin explains,After children leave the mother,Need to gradually adapt to the outside world changes in temperature,Own to regulate body temperature.If too much too thick,Children will be sweating,Excessive consumption of fluid,Not well adapted to external stimuli.In addition to"Thin clothes"The principle,Ancient people also proposed to warm back/Belly warm/Feet warm/Head cold/Heart cool clothes.Bring about