为何一位大学生，会因小事而情绪失控，挥刀捅死同学？

Why is a college student,Will because of small things and emotions out of control,A knife stabbed to death?

　　犯罪心理学认为，“应激性犯罪”的成因，主要是受外界刺激和内心心理缺陷而促成的。

Criminal psychology thought,"Stress sex crimes"The cause of the,Mainly by external stimuli and inner psychological defects.

　　何样的心理缺陷，会让其如此“小刺激，大反应”？这和“挫折教育”的缺失，有无关系？

What kind of psychological defects,Will make it so"A small stimulus,Big reaction"?This and"Setback education"The lack of,Have any relationship?

　　采访专家：南京市心理危机干预中心主任 张纯

Interviews with specialists:Nanjing Zhang Chun, director of the center for psychological crisis intervention

　　1 应激状态下瞬间犯罪了 1 instant crime when under stress

　　个案1：16日21时许，蒋某自习归来，未带宿舍钥匙便敲门求助，正在打游戏的袁某本想过一会开门,听到蒋某的不文明骂声后，便不予理睬。蒋某以为宿舍没人，取钥匙回来,进宿舍后发现袁某在内，遂生气发生争吵，厮打中，蒋某用手扣住了较瘦弱的袁某的头，袁某拿起水果刀吓唬蒋某，蒋某不理，袁某情绪失控，当下挥刀怒捅，致蒋某失血过多而死亡。

Case 1:16, 21 PM,Returned from earlier self-study,Didn't bring my key was knocking at the door for help,Are playing games Yuan Mou wanted to open the door,After heard earlier uncivilized bristle,Then ignore.Dormitory nobody earlier thought,Take the key back,Into the dormitory and found Yuan Mou,So angry,In the fighting,Earlier by hand buckle the relatively thin Yuan Mou head,Yuan Mou picked up the fruit knife to scare earlier,Earlier ignore,Yuan Mou emotions out of control,The flick knife stabbed,To earlier bled to death.

　　袁某的同学说他,无论是性格还是人品都很好，平时和同学相处十分融洽。

Yuan Mou classmates said he,Both character and personality is very good,At ordinary times and students get along very harmonious.

　　个案2：成都的一个路口，33岁的农民工小李与素不相识的一位女子发生了口角。吵骂越来越激烈，小李大怒动手，活活打死了那位女子。

Case 2:In chengdu a crossroads,Migrant workers, 33, xiao li and have never met a woman quarrel happened.Making more and more fierce,Xiao li is great anger to start work,He killed the woman.

　　大家本以为小李是“当地一霸”，结果发现：他在当地的口碑极好，忠厚、老实，孝敬父母，从不与人争吵。他的杀人，让父母和邻居都感到不可思议。

Everybody thought that xiao li is"A local bully",The results found that:His excellent reputation in the local,And honest/honest,Filial piety parents,Never quarrel with people.His murder,Let parents and neighbors all feel unimaginable.

　　个案3：2009年6月23日下午5点多，南京某中学13岁的小蔡同学和小李同学在自行车棚里闹起了矛盾。小李同学因个子矮小，一时情急，用随身携带的“一把很短的水果刀”刺向了蔡同学，致其身亡。

Case 3:More than 5 PM on June 23, 2009,Nanjing a XiaoCai classmate of middle school at the age of 13 in a bicycle shed and xiao li making up a contradiction.Classmate xiao li for short,At that time the feeling be nasty,With carry"A short fruit knife"Stabbed the CAI,To the dead.

　　因行为人“失常和失控”而发生的案子，被犯罪心理学称为“偶发性的应激犯罪”，属于情绪性动机(又称感情冲动型犯罪)犯罪中的一种。

Because of the person"Disorder and out of control"The case happened,Criminal psychology called"Accidental stress of crime",Belongs to the emotional motives(Also called feelings with crimes)One of the crime.

　　其特点是——

Its characteristic is --

　　应激：

stress:

　　行为人在应激状态下（受到出乎意料的挫折或打击，如个案1袁某的头被死死摁住），让其极为愤怒、惊恐和无助，蓄积了极为巨大的负面情绪。

The offender under stress condition(Hit by unexpected setbacks or,As in case 1 Yuan Mou head would be pressed on),Let it is very angry/Fear and helpless,To accumulate the extremely huge negative emotions.

　　爆发：

Broke out:

　　犯罪人为摆脱这种应激状态，情绪强烈地爆发了，因情绪极为亢奋，出手力量很大，结果十分惨重。

Crime people to get rid of the stress state,Emotions strongly broke out,Because the mood is very excited,To force,The result is very heavy.

　　如，个案1袁某因瘦小被死死摁住，个案3小李同学也是因瘦小在打架中处于下风，但他们却竟都是一刀致人死命。

Such as the,Case 1 Yuan Mou thin would be pressed on,Case 3 classmate xiao li is also due to the smaller disadvantage in the fight,But they are unexpectedly death-dealing.

　　后悔：

regret:

　　“偶发性应激犯罪人”又称“瞬间犯罪人”。

"Accidental stress an offender"Also known as the"Instantaneous criminal".

　　“瞬间犯罪人” 情绪性犯罪的过程，是情绪释放的过程。因其平时并不想侵害他人或社会，因此，待情绪平静下来后，立刻痛悔不已。

"Instantaneous criminal" Emotional process of crime,Is the process of emotional release.Because of its usual does not want to infringe on others or the society,so,When the mood calm down,Immediately regret unceasingly.

　　如，“随后，袁某也吓坏了，赶紧叫来同学，并拨打了120。在送校医院治疗未果之后，眼见蒋某伤势严重，袁某再次拨打了报警电话，并协助将蒋某送往同仁医院。”

Such as the,"then,Yuan Mou also frightened,Hurriedly called classmates,And called 120.In the school hospital after treatment failed,See the earlier seriously,Yuan Mou again dial the alarm telephone,And assist sent earlier to tongren hospital."

　　

2 应激状态下大脑一片空白 2 stress state, the brain a blank

　　为何平时忠厚、老实，从不与人争吵的人，在应激状态下会出手杀人？

Why at ordinary times and honest/honest,Never quarrel with people,In the stress state to kill people?

　　犯罪心理学认为有其生物学的基础。

Criminal psychology thought has its biological basis.

　　科学家发现，面对应激事件时，人脑会立刻评估当前刺激，并与过去经验进行比较，一系列应激激素（皮质类固醇激素是其中最主要的一种）随之释放；同时，大脑的边缘系统会与皮质类固醇激素协调行动，调节下丘脑室旁核的活动，并对情绪施加影响；面对压力，杏仁核结构和功能的变化也会导致相应的情绪变化，帮助我们远离应激产生的有害情绪。

Scientists have found that,When faced with stress events,The human brain will immediately assess current stimulation,And comparing with the past,A series of stress hormones(Corticosteroids is one of the most important one)Then release;At the same time,The brain's limbic system will coordinate with coriaceous steroid hormone action,Regulate the activity of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,And influence mood;In the face of pressure,The structure and function of the amygdala changes can lead to mood changes accordingly,Help us away from the stress of bad mood.

　　但是，如果其应激事件激发的强烈情绪，超出了其“情绪调节系统”所能承受的阈值，就会让其调解失灵。

but,If the stress events trigger strong emotions,Beyond its"Emotion regulation system"Can withstand the threshold,Failure will make the mediation.

　　研究发现，人在受到外界突发的强烈刺激时，产生情绪上的激烈冲动，失控的情绪造成机体活动受到严重障碍，致使大脑一片空白。如果刺激超过了所能承受的阈线，失控情绪过于强烈，大脑思维难以恢复，令其思维狭窄，自控能力减弱，理智分析受到抑制，情绪就暂时性地处于失控状态。

Studies have found that,People from the outside world when sudden intense stimulation,Generate intense emotional impulse,Runaway emotions cause body activities are serious obstacles,Making the brain a blank.If stimulus than can inherit the threshold line,Out of control mood too strong,The brain thinking is difficult to recover,For the narrow mind,Self-control weakened,Rational analysis,Mood is temporarily out of state.

　　应激性犯罪，因是情绪失控性地爆发，因此，一般是手段简单，方式直接，以杀、打的方式，不计后果地，一了百了地，十分冲动地发泄自己的情绪。

Stress sex crimes,As a mood disorder in outbreaks,so,Generally means is simple,directly,In order to kill/A taxi way,reckless,Get to the,Very impulse to give vent to their emotions.