漫画：张亮

Comic book:Zhang liang

　　每个人在不同的时期，都会产生程度不同的自卑情绪，尤其是青春敏感期，孩子会非常在意别人对自己的看法。可以说，人人都有自卑感，但同时人人也都有自信心，人们心理健康的标志就是能以行动去表现自己的优点，增强自信，千万别让自卑把自己压垮。

Each person at different times,Can produce different degree of inferiority complex,Especially youth sensitive period,Children will be very care about others opinion of himself.Can say,Everyone has a sense of inferiority,但At the same time人人也都有自信心,People is a sign of mental health can take action to show their advantages,Enhance self-confidence,Don't let the inferiority overwhelm yourself.

　典型案例：学习不再出色开始心生自卑 A typical case:Learning is no longer good heart of inferiority

　　中学生向真真(化名)和同学不敢交流，总怕自己说错话；在走廊里碰到老师，总是匆忙地避开，低着头不敢与老师打招呼；课堂上回答问题，不敢直视老师的眼睛，对自己很明确的答案却因别人的质疑而变得犹豫。家人团聚的时候，永远是坐在最角落的地方，扮演乖孩子的角色……

Middle school students to the real(Not his real name)Can't communicate with your classmates,Always afraid of saying the wrong thing;Meet the teacher in the corridor,Always in a hurry to avoid,Low head can't with the teacher to say hello;Answer questions in class,Can't look straight into the eyes of the teacher,Very clear answer to myself but someone else has become paralyzed by doubts.When families get together,Is always sitting in the corner of the place,Play the role of good boy...

　　生活中，向真真总是羡慕别人比自己强，觉得自己没有任何优点。其实，没上初中前，向真真是班里的学习委员，成绩优秀，每次她的作文都会成为范文被老师点评。后来，她升入了一所重点中学，成绩就不像以前那样出类拔萃了，但是她还坚持着“遇到不懂就去问”的原则，可是有几次被同学开玩笑地说“这么简单都不会，真笨”之后，她开始觉得是不是自己真的变笨了。从那以后，她总觉得自己每次开口说话，同学们都像听笑话一样，就越来越不敢开口了，慢慢地和家长说话，她也怕被指责自己笨。原本就话不多的她，从此变得更加沉默寡言，自卑情绪压得她抬不起头来。

In your life,To really always envy others better than yourselves,Feel you don't have any advantages.In fact,Before didn't top junior high school,Were indeed to learn in the class members,Outstanding achievement,Every time she was teacher comments on composition can be a model essay.later,She rose to a key middle school,The result is not as outstanding as before,But she still persisted"Meet don't understand, ask"The principle of,But a few times by classmates joked"So simple all can't,It was really stupid"after,She began to feel really stupid.From then on,She always feel every time to speak,Students all like to listen to jokes,Just going to ask more and more,Slowly talk to parents,She also afraid of being accused her stupid.She has few words,From now on become more silent,She lift her head to inferiority complex.

　心灵导航：害怕暴露缺点而压抑自己反加重自卑 Soul navigation:Afraid of exposed shortcomings by suppressing our increase of inferiority

　　向真真同学进入青春期之后，自我意识增强，非常在意别人对自己的看法，他人的一句带着嘲笑的玩笑，让她陷入被他人否定的误区，慢慢也变得自卑。

To really classmates after puberty,Self awareness enhancement,Very care about others opinion of himself,The one with laugh at jokes of others,Let her be others deny the traps,Slowly also become inferior.

　　有自卑倾向的人，容易轻视、否定自己，他们无论做什么都觉得，自己这不行、那不行，与别人比总是有差距，对什么都没有坚持到底的态度，容易放弃。而这样的情绪一旦形成，当事人无论对生活还是学习，都没有了兴趣，更严重的可能会心灰意冷、万念俱灰，失去了奋斗拼搏、锐意进取的勇气。当遇到困难或者挫折时，自卑者必然会抱怨多过努力，让自己的负面情绪越来越多，让生活陷入一个持续低潮的深渊。

A person with inferiority tendency,Easy to look down on/Deny himself,No matter what they think,Your not working/That not line,Than there is always a gap between with others,Attitude to have nothing to stay the course,Easy to give up.And this kind of mood once formed,The parties no matter to life or study,Don't have interest in it,More serious is likely to lose hope/apathy,Lost the fight/The courage to forge ahead.When encounter difficulties or setbacks,Inferior will inevitably complain more than effort,Let yourself more and more negative feelings,Let the life in the abyss of a continuous low.

　　“金无足赤，人无完人”，任何人都无法做到没有一丝缺陷，都会有弱点。正是这样的弱点，如果不积极去面对，那么就容易产生自卑情绪。

"Gold has no pure gold,No one is perfect",No one can do without a defect,Will have weaknesses.It is such a weakness,If you don't actively to face,Then it is easy to produce inferiority complex.

　　比如说有的同学会为自己制订比较高的目标，但经过努力后却达不到，这样的失败如果连续几次，那么容易让人自我否定，产生自卑感；而像向真真进入青春期之后，非常在意别人对自己的看法，受到他人的嘲笑否定，也会产生自卑感；有些同学由于外表长相不尽如人意觉得自己卑微而失去生活的勇气；还有些同学特别注重物质上的攀比，一旦发现自己稍逊一筹，也会觉得在人前没有面子，变得自卑。

Such as some students will set higher goals for themselves,But after trying to reach,If such a failure for several times,So easy to let a person self denial,Have sense of inferiority;As to the real after puberty,Very care about others opinion of himself,Laughed at by others,Also can produce inferiority complex;Some students because of the appearance looks not very desirable feel humble and lose courage of life;Also some students with a special focus on material comparisons,Once he found himself slightly inferior,Will feel lose face in front of people,self-abasement.

　　世间每个人都会有自己的优点和缺点，当我们的优点得到表现时，就有自信；而在别人面前表现缺点时，就会感到自卑。向真真因为害怕暴露缺点而放弃行动（如与同学交往、说话等），其实就是压抑、隐藏自己的优点，只会加重自卑感，从而错失自我发展的好机会。

There everyone have their own advantages and disadvantages,When we get the advantages of performance,There is confidence;And in front of others show weakness,Will feel self-abased.Because to really fear of exposure defects and give up(As with classmates/Speaking of),Is really depressed/The advantages of hiding oneself,Only can aggravate the sense of inferiority,Thus miss good opportunity for self development.

　心理处方：树立自信心是战胜自卑感的根本方法 Psychological prescription:Self-esteem is a fundamental way to overcome inferiority complex

　　心理学家认为：一个人如果自惭形秽，那他就不会成为个美人；如果他不觉得自己心地善良，即使在心底隐隐地有此种感觉，那他也成不了善良的人；如果他不相信自己的能力，那他将永远不会是事业上的成功者。很难想象，一个缺乏自信心的运动员能够登上世界冠军的领奖台。正如拿破仑说的那样：“默认自己无能，无疑是给失败创造机会。”从这个意义上说，树立自信心是战胜自卑感的根本方法。人们在生活中发现，只要做到以下几个方面，就能战胜自卑感，树立自信心，让自己变得更优秀。

Psychologists believe that:If a man to shame,That he would not be a beauty;If he didn't think he has a kind heart,Even in the bottom of my heart have such a feeling vaguely,He also become a kind person;If he doesn't believe in your ability,Is that he will never be successful in career.It is hard to imagine,A lack of confidence of athletes to step onto the world championship podium.As napoleon said:"The default powerless,Is undoubtedly to the failure to create opportunities."In this sense,Self-esteem is a fundamental way to overcome inferiority complex.People find in their life,As long as do the following several aspects,Will be able to overcome inferiority complex,Build self-confidence,Let oneself become more outstanding.

　　合理评价自己。每个人都有自己的弱点和短处，也都有自己的优点和长处。我们不能因为自己某一方面的不足或缺陷而怀疑自己的全部，不但要看到自己的不如人处，还要看到自己的如人之处或过人之处，这样才能正确地与人比较。所以说正确地进行挫折归因，不但是总结经验教训的需要，也是对自卑心理的有效防治。

Reasonable evaluation of their.Everyone has his weaknesses and shortcomings,Also has its own advantages and strengths.We can't because you a particular aspect of all deficiencies or defects and doubt yourself,Not only should see themselves as people,To see himself as a man or edge,In this way can we properly compare with others.So correctly setbacks attribution,But not need to summarize experience and lessons,Effective prevention and control of low self-esteem.

　　适当表现自己。自卑感往往是在表现自己的过程中，由于受到挫折，对自己的能力发生怀疑，除了正确评价自己以外，还要学会适当地表露自己的才能，对自己提出适当的要求。自卑是同失望形影相随的。为什么自己会看不起自己呢？因为自己对自己失望透了，甚至有些绝望了。所以，我们无论做什么事情，都不能操之过急，要求过高。自卑感强的人，不妨多做一些力所能及、把握较大的事情。这些事情即使不显眼，也不放弃争取成功机会。任何成功都会增加人的自信，对于自卑的人来说尤其如此。而且，任何大的成功，都蕴积于小的成功之中。只要循序渐进不断取得一些小的成功，自信心就会逐渐增强。

Appropriate to express themselves.Inferiority complex is often in the process of your,Due to the setbacks,To have doubts about your abilities,In addition to correctly evaluate yourself,Learn to properly display your talents,To put forward the appropriate request.Low self-esteem is with the shadow of disappointment.Why will look down on yourself?Because I disappointed to myself,Even some of despair.so,We no matter do what things,Can't act too hastily,Demand is too high.People who have strong sense of inferiority,Might as well do some more depth/Grasp the big things.These things if not conspicuous,Don't give up chance to succeed.Any success will increase people's confidence,This is particularly the case for people with low self-esteem.and,Any big success,Accumulate accumulate in the success of small.As long as the step by step a little success continuously,Confidence will gradually increase.

　　学会补偿自己。补偿是人的天然。常言道“盲人尤聪”，说明失明的人，耳朵特别灵，以听补盲，就是这个道理。人不仅具有生理上的补偿能力，还可以进行心理上、才能上的补偿。一是“以勤补拙”。明知自己在某些方面有缺陷，就下更大的力去弥补。二是“扬长补短”。一个人总是有他的长处和短处，而且人总有内在潜能可被挖掘。

Learn to make up.Compensation is human natural.As the saying goes"The blind YouCong",Blind people,Ear special spirit,To listen to fill blind,It is for this reason.People not only has physiological compensation ability,Also can be psychological/To compensate.One is the"diligent".Knowing you is flawed in some ways,Is a greater force to make up for.The second is"Raise to".A man always has his strengths and weaknesses,And people always have internal potential can be dug.

　　积极地面对人生。要学会看事物的本质，乐观向上，对生活、前途充满信心。具有自卑心理的人总是过多地看重自己的不利、消极的方面，而看不到有利、积极的一面，缺乏客观地、全面地分析事物的能力和信心。这就要求我们学会透过现象把握本质，而不被它暂时的，表面的现象所迷惑。只要客观地分析自己有利和不利的因素，乐观向上，对前途充满信心，并积极进取，就不会因暂时的挫折而产生自卑心理。■ 章剑和

To actively face life.Learn to see things as they really are,Optimistic upward,To the life/The future is full of confidence.People with low self-esteem is always too much emphasis on their own/The negative aspects,But can't see the good/The positive side,The lack of objective/Comprehensive analysis of things the ability and confidence.This requires that we learn to grasp the essence through the phenomena,Is it temporary,On the surface of the phenomenon.As long as objectively analyze their advantage and disadvantage factors,Optimistic upward,Full of confidence for the future,And positive,Won't produce self-abased psychology due to temporary setbacks.S ZhangJian and

　　　　（作者系教育心理学硕士）

(The author is master of education psychology)