复方抗感冒药如同时服用两种以上，可增加药物不良反应风险。新京报记者 王远征 摄

In compound cold medicines such as two or more at the same time,An increased risk of adverse drug reactions.The Beijing news reporter Wang Yuanzheng perturbation

　　感冒药虽然品种很多，但不同品种包含的有效成分却是大同小异。熟记感冒药的主要成分，比记住商品名更有效。

A wide variety of cold medicine though,But different varieties contain active ingredients are the same.To memorize the main components of the medicine,More effective than remember the brand name.

　　乍暖还寒时，也是感冒高季。感冒看似事小，许多人因为工作、学习忙，往往选择自行服药。甚至更有甚者相信《红楼梦》中的说法——“只要清清净净地饿两顿就好了”，以净饿为主，次则服药。北医三院呼吸科主任贺蓓和北京大学药学院原细胞和分子药理系主任李长龄说：普通感冒虽然是最常见的急性呼吸道感染性疾病，但普通感冒并不普通，感冒症状不仅会严重影响我们的日常工作和生活，也有可能引起其他严重并发症。所以，感冒治疗需对症治疗，科学用感冒药，需要按说明书和推荐剂量服用。

When the soil,Is also a cold high season.A cold seems to be little,Many people because of work/Busy learning,Often choose to take medicine.What is even more believe[A dream of red mansions]The statement --"As long as clean clean and hungry two tons",Is given priority to with net hungry,Time is medicine.Founding director of respiratory He Bei and the research and the original cells at the Beijing university school of medicine and director of molecular pharmacology Li Changling said:Although the common cold is the most common acute respiratory infectious diseases,But the common cold is not ordinary,Cold symptoms will not only seriously affect our daily work and life,May also cause other serious complications.so,A cold treatment should be symptomatic treatment,Science in medicine,Need according to the specification and the recommended dose.

　

　疑问1 感冒了，不吃药能扛过去吗？ Question 1 has a cold,Do not take medicine can carry in the past?

　　感冒需对症治疗，不能硬扛 A cold need to symptomatic treatment,Not hard to carry

　　以“清清净净地饿两顿就好了”来治疗感冒的想法来源于中医理论，一般建议多喝水、多休息、清淡饮食，是有道理的。感冒90％是由病毒引起，病毒引起的感冒，5-7天病毒可被身体自主清除，伴随产生的流鼻涕、咳嗽等症状可能持续14天左右。但很多人认为感冒是自愈性小病，不用吃药，扛几天就过去了。

In order to"Clean clean and hungry two meal"Ideas derived from the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to treat cold,General advice to drink more water/More rest/Light diet,It makes sense to.90% colds are caused by viruses,Caused by a cold virus,5-7 days virus can be independent to clear body,Associated with a runny nose/Cough symptoms may last for 14 days or so.But many people think that cold is a self-healing ailment,Don't take medicine,Take a few days in the past.

　　贺蓓强调：普通感冒不普通，小感冒可以带来大危害，尤其任由感冒发展，可能引起的心肌炎、肺炎等严重并发疾病，如不及时救治有可能危及生命。2012年发布的《普通感冒规范诊治专家共识》（以下简称《专家共识》）明确指出：感冒治疗原则以对症治疗为主，通过迅速改善或消除感冒症状来缩短病程，减轻感冒的危害。感冒症状的缓解，不仅让自己能感觉舒服，还减少了感冒病毒传播到周围空间的机会，减少了感冒传染给他人的风险。感冒硬扛是以自己和他人健康为代价的，并不推荐。

He Bei stressed:The common cold is not ordinary,Little cold can bring large harm,Let the cold development in particular,Can cause myocarditis/Serious intercurrent illnesses such as pneumonia,If not treated in time is likely to endanger life.Published in 2012[Diagnosis and treatment of common cold specification expert consensus](Hereinafter referred to as the[Expert consensus])Made it clear:Cold treatment is given priority to with symptomatic treatment,By quickly improve or eliminate symptoms shorten the course of the disease,Reduce the dangers of a cold.Relief of symptoms of colds,Not only can let yourself feel comfortable,Also reduce the chance of a cold virus spread to the surrounding space,Reduce the risk of cold to others.A cold hard carry on themselves and others at the expense of health,Is not recommended.

　　疑问2 含伪麻黄碱类感冒药能吃吗？ Question 2 cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine can eat?

　　伪麻黄碱迅速缓解鼻部症状，安全性良好 Pseudoephedrine rapid relief of nasal symptoms,Security is good

　　近年来频频爆出不法分子提取感冒药中的伪麻黄碱制造冰毒的新闻，使得不少感冒患者产生疑惑：“含伪麻黄碱类感冒药能吃吗？服用含有伪麻黄碱的感冒药会不会上瘾？”对此，李长龄特别强调：“感冒药中的伪麻黄碱与冰毒的主要成分去氧麻黄碱有着本质的不同。虽然都来源于麻黄，但伪麻黄碱却能选择性地收缩鼻部血管，快速减轻鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏等感冒症状。而且伪麻黄碱口服后经由胃肠道吸收，由肾脏经尿液排出，尿液中的伪麻黄碱结构绝大部分没有改变，会以原型排出，也就是说伪麻黄碱在体内也不会转换成去氧麻黄碱。作为感冒治疗的主要成分，伪麻黄碱在临床上的使用经验已超过了百年；但是，冰毒的主要成分去氧麻黄碱的中枢神经兴奋作用强，会加快心跳、升高血压。人体服用后容易产生幻觉，易成瘾，对健康危害极大。”

Gust lawless extraction in recent years medicine pseudoephedrine in the manufacturing of methamphetamine,Makes a lot of wondering who has a cold:"Cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine can eat?Taking cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine will become addicted?"For this,Li Changling special emphasis:"Cold medicine pseudoephedrine and methamphetamine in the main ingredient to meth, a very different nature.Although the originate from ephedra,But it can selectively shrink nasal blood vessels pseudoephedrine,Quickly relieve nasal congestion/Runny nose/Cold symptoms such as sneezing.And pseudoephedrine via the gastrointestinal tract after oral absorption,By the kidney via the urine,For the most part urine pseudoephedrine structure has not changed,In prototype,That is to say, pseudoephedrine in the body will not convert to meth.As the main ingredients of a cold treatment,Pseudoephedrine in the clinical use of experience for more than one hundred years;but,The main composition of crystal meth to meth, central nervous system stimulants,Will speed up the heartbeat/Elevated blood pressure.The human body after taking prone to hallucinations,Easy to addiction,Great harm to health."

　　李长龄澄清：“作为治疗感冒的主要成分，伪麻黄碱经过了长期大量的国内外临床研究和广泛的临床应用，可快速缓解感冒鼻部症状，安全性良好，它选择性收缩上呼吸道血管，中枢影响小。《普通感冒规范诊治的专家共识》指出伪麻黄碱是有效缓解感冒症状的主要药物之一，它本身并不是毒品，因此大众不必过分担忧。”但高血压、心脏病、青光眼、糖尿病、甲亢、前列腺肥大的人慎用含有伪麻黄碱的药。

Li Changling clarify:"As the main component of treatment for colds,Pseudoephedrine after long-term a large number of clinical studies and extensive clinical application at home and abroad,Can quickly relieve cold nasal symptoms,Security is good,It selectively shrink blood vessels of the upper respiratory tract,Central impact is small.[Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of common cold specification]Points out that one of the main drugs of pseudoephedrine is effective in relieving symptoms,It itself is not drugs,So the public don't have to worry."But high blood pressure/A heart attack/glaucoma/diabetes/hyperthyroidism/Hypertrophy of the prostate are careful with medicine containing pseudoephedrine.

　

　疑问3 几种感冒药能一起吃吗？ Question 3 kinds of cold medicine can eat together?

　　复方感冒药只应选一种服用 In compound cold medicines only elected a taking

　　为快速消除感冒症状，感冒患者常会同时服用几种感冒药，李长龄指出：尽管治疗感冒的药物品种繁多，名称各异，但目前感冒药大多都是复方制剂，其组方成分相同或相近，药物作用大同小异。同时服用可能导致重复用药、过量用药，出现不良反应的风险可能随之增加。复方抗感冒药只选一种服用即可，如同时服用两种以上药物，可导致重复用药，超量用药，增加药物不良反应风险，联合用药应在医生指导下进行。

To quickly eliminate the cold symptoms,Who has a cold often taking some cold medicine at the same time,Li Changling pointed out:Although is a great variety of drugs for the treatment of colds,Different names,But so far most cold medicines are compound preparations,The formula composition of the same or similar,Drug action.At the same time taking may lead to repeated drug use/overdose,May increase risk of adverse reaction.Compound anti cold medicine you just choose a taking,If two or more drugs at the same time,Can lead to repeated drug use,Excessive drug use,Increased risk of adverse drug reactions,Under the guidance of combination should be undertaken.

　　“很多人常备维C银翘片，该药中也含有解热镇痛药对乙酰氨基酚和抗过敏药马来酸氯苯那敏，与市面上其他常见的感冒药有相似的药物成分，不要大意疏忽重复用药。”

"A lot of people have vitamin C pieces of fructus forsythiae,The drug also contains antipyretic analgesics acetaminophen and antiallergic maleic acid chlorobenzene that min,Similar to other common cold medicines on the market have a drug ingredients,Don't be careless negligence repeated drug use."

　　和睦家药师冀连梅说，复方感冒药里通常含有常用的抗组胺抗过敏药物成分，为避免重复用药导致过量，用药前一定要仔细核对成分，下列成分是具有相同功效的抗过敏药成分，应避免同时服用：氯苯那敏（扑尔敏），苯海拉明，赛庚啶，氯雷他定，地氯雷他定，西替利嗪，左西替利嗪，非索非那定，氯马斯汀等。复方药物安全性较差，治疗感冒的各种症状最好都试着分开用单方药物，两者都不缩短病程，只针对症状。

United family medicine guru ji mei said,Usually contain antihistamines commonly used in compound cold medicine allergy drug ingredients,In order to avoid repeat use too much,Must check the ingredients carefully before using this drug,The following components is the antiallergic component have the same effect,Avoid taking at the same time:Effects of the min(Chlorpheniramine maleate),diphenhydramine,cyproheptadine,loratadine,With loratadine,cetirizine,Cetirizine left,The SuoFei that,Chlorine Ma Siting etc..Compound drug safety was poor,A cure to the common cold symptoms are best try with single drugs separately,Both are not shorten the duration of symptoms,Only for symptoms.

　　■ 专家提醒 S experts remind

　　看清成分选感冒药 See the components selected cold medicine

　　“感冒药包含的有效成分大同小异，熟记感冒药的主要成分，比记住商品名更有效。”冀连梅在其撰写的《如何合理选择感冒药》的文章里说。李长龄介绍：患者可针对症状选择药物，如出现鼻塞、鼻黏膜充血症状、流涕等症状的，可选择减轻鼻黏膜充血成分的，含盐酸伪麻黄碱的感冒药；若发烧、头痛或关节痛的话，可用解热减痛抗炎成分如含对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、阿司匹林的感冒药；打喷嚏可选含扑尔敏、苯海拉明、氯雷他定等含抗过敏成分的感冒药，但扑尔敏会让人犯困；咳嗽可选含右美沙芬、可待因或那可丁等的感冒药；有痰的可选择愈创木酚甘油醚、氯溴索等感冒药。

"Cold medicine contains the active ingredients of the same,To memorize the main components of the medicine,More effective than remember the brand name."Ji mei in their writing[How to reasonably select cold medicine]Said in a story.Li Changling introduction:Patients can choose drug for symptoms,If appear congestion/Symptoms of nasal mucosa hyperemia/Runny nose and other symptoms,May choose to relieve nasal mucosa hyperemia composition,Cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride;If you have a fever/Headache or joint pain,Antipyretic pain relief available anti-inflammatory ingredients such as containing acetaminophen/ibuprofen/Aspirin in the cold;Sneezing optional containing chlorpheniramine maleate/diphenhydramine/Contains anti-allergic ingredients such as loratadine cold medicine,But the chlorpheniramine maleate can let a person feel sleepy;Cough contains optional dextromethorphan/Codeine or it can be cold, etc;Have phlegm can choose guaiacol glycerol ether/Chlorine in bromine rope, etc.

　　其中，伪麻黄碱与扑尔敏的复方组合是《专家共识》推荐的经典组合，对于早期仅有鼻部充血症状的感冒患者，治疗四天可显著改善90%左右的鼻部症状。

Among them,Combination of pseudoephedrine and chlorpheniramine maleate in compound is[Expert consensus]Recommend classic combination,For patients with early only hyperemic nasal symptoms of a cold,Four days treatment can significantly improve the nasal symptoms of about 90%.

　　抗感冒西药主要成分

Resistance to a cold western medicine ingredient

　　解热镇痛成分 对乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林、非那西丁、水扬酰胺、布洛芬

Antipyretic analgesic components acetaminophen/aspirin/phenacetin/Water Yang amide/ibuprofen

　　抗组胺成分 盐酸吡咯吡胺、特非那丁、扑尔敏

Antihistamine ingredient pyrrole HCL/, not that dean/Chlorpheniramine maleate

　　收缩血管成分 伪麻黄碱

Contraction of vascular component pseudoephedrine

　　中枢性镇咳成分 氢溴酸右美沙芬

Central cough component dextromethorphan hydrobromide

　　祛痰成分 愈创木酚甘油醚、溴环己胺醇

The expectorant composition guaiacol glycerol ether/Bromine cyclohexylamine alcohol

　　中枢兴奋成分 咖啡因

Central excitatory component of caffeine

　　抗病毒成分 金刚烷胺、马啉双胍等

Amantadine antiviral components/Ma Lin metformin, etc.

　

　■ 热点问答 S hot spot question and answer

　　小儿感冒药并非成人缩小版 Pediatric medicine not miniature adults

　　Q成人感冒药里也含有乙酰氨基酚和金刚烷胺复合成分，是不是可以理解为小儿感冒药是成人感冒药的缩小版？

Q adult medicine in compound paracetamol and amantadine are also found,Whether can be understood as a pediatric medicine is smaller versions of adult medicine?

　　首都儿研所药剂科临床药师王翔岩：成人常用感冒药如新康泰克（复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊）主要成分为每粒含盐酸伪麻黄碱90毫克，马来酸氯苯那敏4毫克；泰诺（酚麻美敏片）每片含主要成分对乙酰氨基酚325毫克、盐酸伪麻黄碱30毫克、氢溴酸右美沙芬15毫克、马来酸氯苯那敏2毫克。盐酸伪麻黄碱和氢溴酸右美沙芬都是常用儿童感冒药中没有的成分，主要用于成人镇咳。可见无论是成人或是儿童感冒药均为复方制剂，但二者所含具体成分还是有一定区别，不能简单认为小儿感冒药就是成人感冒药的减量版。

Capital ErYanSuo clinical pharmacists Wang Xiangyan pharmacy department:Adult common cold remedies, such as purchase(Compound pseudoephedrine hydrochloride sustained release capsules)Main ingredients for each containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 90 milligrams,The min 4 mg maleic acid chlorobenzene;tylenol(Phenol mami chlorphenamine tablet)Each ingredient contains 325 milligrams of acetaminophen/Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30 milligrams/Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15 mg/Maleic acid chlorobenzene that min 2 mg.Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and dextromethorphan hydrobromide were no ingredients commonly used children's cold medicine,Mainly used for cough in adults.Visible whether adults or children's cold medicine of compound preparations,But both contain specific ingredients or has a certain difference,Can't simply think pediatric medicine is reduced version of the adult medicine.

　　西药的儿童感冒药虽然数量也不少但主要成分和含量大致相同。例如小儿酚氨加敏颗粒也是复方制剂，主要成分为每袋含氨基比林50毫克、对乙酰氨基酚63毫克、咖啡因15毫克、马来酸氯苯那敏1毫克。采写/新京报记者 潘波

The number of children's cold medicine while western medicine is also a lot but the main composition and content of the same.Such as pediatric phenol ammonia jarmin particles and compound preparations,Main ingredients for each bag including amidopyrine 50 mg/About 63 milligrams of acetaminophen/15 mg of caffeine/Maleic acid chlorobenzene that min 1 mg.Concludes Pan Bo/Beijing news reporter