近日，媒体报道的好几例儿童、青少年写血书、自杀等事件让所有人触目惊心——宝贵的生命，绚丽的青春，是什么纵容死亡的阴影轻易地吞噬稚嫩的心灵，使这些孩子轻率地对待自己如花般的生命？ 据相关数据显示，我国未成年人自杀的比例呈上升趋势，有明显的低龄化趋势！15岁—35岁人群死亡的第一位原因就是自杀。更让人震惊的是，中国每年自杀的儿童约为2580人，有40.1%的小学生说过“不如死了的好”。“情绪问题和抑郁心理正成为困扰青少年甚至儿童心理健康的最大障碍，‘心理感冒’的孩子越来越多。”心理专家表示，由于缺乏自我调节能力，未成年人一旦遭遇心理困扰往往很难走出，如果这时社会、家庭、学校不及时给予足够的引导和关怀，不能在适当的时候给孩子“打心灵疫苗”，那么这种“感冒”就会加速滋生蔓延为“重症”，未成年人自杀的悲剧就可能再度上演。

近日,Media reports of several children/Teenagers write bloodletter/自杀, etc.事件让所有人触目惊心——宝贵的生命,Beautiful youth,What is indulge in the shadow of death easily engulf young heart,Make the children treat their floral life lightly? According to relevant data,The proportion of minors committing suicide is on the rise in our country,Has obvious trend of younger age!At the age of 15-35 years old crowd the first cause of death was suicide.Even more shocking,Chinese children commit suicide every year about 2580 people,40.1% of the pupils said"Not as good as dead"."Emotional problems and mental depression is becoming the biggest obstacle to teenagers and even children's mental health,‘Psychological cold’More and more children."Psychological experts say,Because of the lack of self-regulation,Minors once encountered psychological distress is often out of,If the society/family/The school does not give enough guidance and care in a timely manner,Not at the right time for their children"Make mind vaccine",Then this"Catch a cold"Will accelerate breeding for spread"severe",Minors the tragedy of suicide may again.

　

　8岁男孩：带我去死 8岁男孩:Take me go to dead

　　“你带我去死吧。”这话出自一个8岁的小男孩之口，让人惊讶。现实是无情的，小男孩经常冒出这样的话让家人着急，妈妈把他带到了心理医生处咨询。小男孩虽然刚上小学二年级，却有一身“好武艺”，钢琴已考过八级、英语口语很棒，还是奥数兴趣班的尖子生。父母花了金钱、精力对他进行各种培养，可是，却“吝啬”得连玩耍时间都没有给他预留。整日和钢琴、英文、数学为伴，男孩的情绪明显“感冒”，脑海中时不时跳出不想活的念头。“已有轻微抑郁症。”心理医生提醒年轻的父母一定要给孩子留出玩的空间。

"You take me go to dead."Coming from an 8 year old little boy,A surprise.Reality is cruel,The boy popped so let the family worry,Mother brought him to a psychologist consulting.The little boy although just elementary school grade two,There are a"Good skills",The piano has been pass tem8/Oral English is great,A straight-a student or mathematical olympiad interest class.Parents spend the money/Energy for all kinds of training,but,but"stingy"There was no time to play to his reserve.And the piano all day long/In English/Mathematics is companion,Boy's mood"Catch a cold",In my mind from time to time jump out don't want to live."For mild depression."Psychological doctor remind young parents must leave room for children to play.

　　初二男孩沉迷于上网，老是和父母作对，和同学关系处得也不好，诊断下来是品行障碍；一对父母天天督促孩子念书，去学校反而成了孩子最不乐意做的事……“过来咨询厌学的特别多。”在心理医生看来，孩子有厌学情绪可以看做是一种正常的反应，“长期做单一的事，人容易疲劳。”据有关研究表明，100个孩子中喜欢读书的不过10个，所以家长对孩子厌学不要感到奇怪，关键是改变教育方法，寻找孩子厌学原因，加以引导，学会调节孩子的情绪。

初二男孩沉迷于上网,Always fight with my parents,Get well along with classmates is also not good,Diagnosis is conduct disorder;A pair of parents to urge children to study every day,Instead of going to school became a child the most reluctant to do..."By learning much more special."In psychological doctor,Children have school-weary emotions can be seen as a normal reaction,"Do a single thing for a long time,People are prone to fatigue."According to the study,100 children like to read books but in 10,So tired of parents don't feel strange,The key is to change education method,Looking for children learning disabilities,Be directed,Learn to regulate children's emotions.

　

　三成孩子存心理障碍 三成孩子存心理障碍

　　据中国心理学会对全国22个省17岁以下的青少年进行的一项调查统计报告显示，我国学生心理疾病发病率高于一般人群，至少有3000万青少年受心理疾病困扰，而中小学生发病率竟然高达21.6%至32%；儿童癔症、网络综合症、抑郁障碍、儿童强迫症等心理疾病的青少年患者在逐年增加；小学生、中学生和大学生遭遇的心理问题不同，小到婴幼儿都可能存在心理问题。“中国家长对子女过分关注、溺爱的教育方式，以及现在许多家庭‘隔代养’的情况，都会带来很多问题。”专家认为，儿童心理问题大多是儿童情绪问题，部分为精神疾病。而情绪障碍、交流障碍、多动症、抑郁症、焦虑，以及学习困难、拒绝上学等症的患病率相对较高。

据中国心理学会对全国22个省17岁以下的青少年进行的一项调查统计报告显示,The students' psychological disease incidence rate is higher than the general population in our country,At least 30 million teenagers suffer from mental illness,And the incidence of primary and middle school students as much as 21.6% to 32%;Children hysteria/Network syndrome/Depressive disorder/儿童强迫症, etc.心理疾病的青少年患者在逐年增加;Primary school students/Middle school students and college students with psychological problems,Small to infants and young children are likely to have psychological problems."Chinese parents too much attention to their children/A fond way of education,And now a lot of families‘Every generation of a’In the case,Will bring a lot of problems."Experts say,Children's psychological problems are mostly children's emotional problems,Part for mental illness.And mood disorders/Communication disorders/adhd/depression/anxiety,And learning difficulties/拒绝上学, etc.症的患病率相对较高.

　　南宁市第五人民医院心理专家黎明表示，多数大学生的心理问题，在中小学阶段的成长过程中就存在基础、埋下隐患，到了大学期间人际交往、学习压力、经济状况等都会构成刺激因素，使心理问题暴发出来。“抑郁容易导致儿童青少年自杀。”心理专家称，孤独症、精神发育迟滞、精神分裂症等儿童心理疾病致残的儿童占残疾儿童的20%。一个患有心理疾病的儿童每年花费是正常儿童的4倍以上，成年后发病率比正常人高10倍。

南宁市第五人民医院心理专家黎明表示,Most of the psychological problems of college students,In the process of the growth of the middle and primary school stage is based/Buried hidden trouble,Relationships in college/Academic pressure/经济状况, etc.都会构成刺激因素,Outbreak to psychological problems."Depression is easy to cause children to commit suicide."Psychological experts say,autism/Mental retardation/精神分裂症, etc.儿童心理疾病致残的儿童占残疾儿童的20%.A child suffering from mental illness each year spent more than four times as great as that of normal children,Adult incidence of a disease is 10 times higher than normal.

　

　跟父母交流最多的是学习 跟父母交流最多的是learning

　　孩子感冒了，父母会急着求医问药，可孩子一旦“心灵感冒”，却很少有父母想着去增强孩子的心理素养。一项针对中小学生的心理调查结果显示：在选择最愿意倾诉的对象中，父母得票最少，排在前面的分别是朋友、社会工作者、心理辅导员；不少孩子认为来自父母的压力最大，因而将亲子困惑摆在首位。

孩子Catch a cold了,Parents will be in a hurry doctor visits,But once the child"A cold heart",Few parents want to enhance the child's psychological quality.A study of primary and middle school students psychological survey:In choosing the most willing to pour out the object,Parents are least,Row in front of the friend, respectively/A social worker/Psychological counselor;Many children think most pressure from their parents,Thus will parents confused in the first place.

　　记者从南宁市部分中小学了解到，亲子沟通、学业和交友是学生心理咨询最多的问题，其中亲子沟通问题占了一半以上。不少孩子抱怨：和父母之间的交流只有学习，他们三句不离学习。初三学生小方说，父母问他“今天在学校开心吗”、“想吃什么”，正当他准备和父母好好交流时，母亲又说：“妈妈做了你最爱吃的菜，吃完了就去做作业。”他顿时泄了气。一些中小学老师告诉记者，很多孩子不愿意向父母倾诉心事，是因为一看见父母就觉得压力大，在他们面前会有很多微妙的心理变化，比如父母在意学习，如果成绩不好就觉得亏欠他们；和父母之间好像除了学习，就没什么好说的。

记者从南宁市部分中小学了解到,Parent-child communication/Studies and dating one of the most serious problems is the student counseling,Accounted for more than half of parent-child communication problem.Many children complain:Only learning and communication between parents,They learn three sentences and carrots.Grade students in small fang said,His parents asked"Happy at school today"/"What do you want to eat",As he was prepared to have a good communication with my parents,And mother said:"Mom do you favorite food,Finished to do my homework."He was frustrated.Some primary and secondary school teacher told reporters,Many children don't want to talk to your parents,Because I saw the parents feel big pressure,There will be a lot of subtle psychological change before them,Such as my parents care about learning,If the result is bad feel indebted to them;And as if in addition to learning between my parents,There is nothing to say.

　　对此，三○三医院心理服务中心主任李红政指出了很多家长的“共病”：喜欢将自我意愿强加在孩子身上，比如让他们多吃，让他们学画画学钢琴，规定他们看什么样的动画片等。“家长都是出于关爱与呵护，但往往不知孩子的心思，好心办了坏事。”

对此,Three "hospital, director of the psychological service center Li Gongzheng pointed out a lot of parents"comorbidity":Like to intend to impose themselves in children,Such as let them eat more,Let them learn to draw piano lessons,规定他们看什么样的动画片, etc.."Parents are all out of love and care,But usually I do not know the mind of the children,Kindly do the bad thing."

　

　及时注射“心灵疫苗” 及时The injection"Mind the vaccine"

　　“儿童时期是培养健康心理的黄金时期，各种习惯和行为模式，都在这时奠定基础，如果有一个好的开始，将来可使孩子的品德智力得到健康的发展，如果在此时忽略了孩子的心理卫生，那么，希望孩子成人后拥有健全的人格和健康的心理，就比较困难，甚至是不太可能的。”专家称，“心灵疫苗”应当从儿童时期开始“注射”。

"儿童时期是培养健康心理的gold时期,All kinds of habits and behavior patterns,Then lay the foundation,If you have a good start,In the future can make children's moral intelligence get healthy development,If ignore the child's psychological health at this time,then,Hope to adults who have healthy personality and healthy psychology,It is difficult to,Even is unlikely."Experts say,"Mind the vaccine"Should start from childhood"The injection".

　　专家强调，家长对孩子不要过度呵护和溺爱，因为这会使孩子形成以自我为中心，认为人人都应该尊重他，结果成为自高自大的人；要引导孩子处理好各方面的人际关系，鼓励孩子与同龄人一起生活、学习、玩耍，从中学会与人相处的方法；有意识地让孩子吃亏，能够培养孩子宽容大度的性格；舍得让孩子吃苦，接受“挫折教育”，能让孩子在今后遇到困难时不退缩、不逃避，经得起挫折。同时，不要勉强孩子做一些不能胜任的事情，孩子的自信心多半是由做事成功而来，强迫他们做力所不能及的事，只会打击他们的自信心。

专家强调,Parents of children don't too much care and dote on,Because this will make children form a self-centered,Think everyone should respect him,The results become conceited;To guide their children to deal with all aspects of the relationship,Encourage the children to live with their peers/learning/play,Learn to get along with people method;Let the child suffer consciously,Tolerance can cultivate children's character;Willing to let the child suffering,To accept"Setback education",Can let the children meet with difficulties don't flinch when in the future/Don't escape,Withstand setbacks.At the same time,Don't force children to do something that is not up to,The child's self-confidence mostly by doing things success,Force them to do force of yourself,Will only hit their self-confidence.

　　此外，专家建议家长，不要对孩子太严厉、苛求甚至打骂，这样会使孩子养成自卑、胆怯、逃避等不健康心理，或导致反抗、残暴、说谎、离家出走等异常行为；不要对孩子喜怒无常，这样会使孩子敏感多疑，情绪不稳，胆小畏缩。家长要多与孩子交流和沟通，真正走进孩子的心灵，帮助孩子去分析他所处的环境，帮其解决困难，而不是代替他们解决困难，当他们的看法的确有问题时，不要大惊小怪，而应心平气和地说服教育。

此外,Experts advise parents to,Don't be too strict to kids/Demanding even beat and scold,This will make children get into inferiority/timid/逃避, etc.不健康心理,Or lead to resistance/brutal/Tell a lie/离家出走, etc.异常行为;Don't moody for children,This will make the child sensitive suspicious,Mood swings,Timid quail.Parents want to communicate with children and communicate more,Really into the children's heart,Help children to analysis his surroundings,To help resolve the difficulties,Rather than replace them with their difficulties,When their opinions do have problems,Don't make a fuss,But you should persuade education calmly.

　　

■新闻背景 S news background

　　5月2日早上，南京溧水一名13岁男孩疑因作业未完成，上吊自杀。而当日中午11点多，南京燕子矶一名初三男生也跳楼身亡，原因也是作业没完成，家长让他别上学补作业。

5月2日早上,Nanjing LiShui a 13-year-old boy suspected because of the homework has been finished,Commit suicide by hanging suicide.And more than 11 PM at noon on the day,Nanjing swallow angeles a third boy also leapt to his death,Reason also didn't finish homework,Parents to let him don't go to school for work.

　　4月26日晚上，云南一名初一学生在写作业时流鼻血，孩子含泪蘸血写下了“我不想做作业”。

4月26日晚上,A junior 1 student in yunnan nosebleeds when writing assignments,Children tearfully dips in blood wrote"I don't want to do my homework".

　

　■心灵疫苗 ■Mind the vaccine

　　不同阶段关注有差别 不同阶段关注有差别

　　小学 青春发育期要多陪孩子聊天

小学 青春发育期要多陪孩子聊天

　　很多家长在孩子上了小学后唯恐他们学习落后于同伴，便时时逼紧孩子。专家表示，其实对于小学生来说，成绩并不是最重要的，重要的是养成良好的学习习惯，让孩子学会正常生活。例如每天几点钟按时睡觉、按时起床，按时、整齐、专注地完成作业，做完作业后学会仔细检查，等等，就足够了。

很多家长在孩子上了小学后唯恐他们learning落后于同伴,Was always forced to children.Experts say,Actually for primary school students,Achievement is not the most important,It is important to develop good study habits,Let children learn to normal life.For example a few o 'clock go to bed on time every day/Get up on time,On time/neat/Focus to finish my homework,After we finished our homework learn to carefully check,, etc., etc.,It is enough to.

　　除了行为教育，心理沟通更是必要。小学时期，孩子对家长还是比较依赖的阶段，遇到的很多问题都希望父母帮助解答或解决。因此，建议父母无论工作再忙，每天也要花1—2小时陪孩子聊天，以平等的角度跟他聊聊他的朋友、学校生活、喜欢什么功课等生活问题。特别是在女生四五年级，男生五六年级时，这是生理发育的重要时期。父母要及时对他们做生理教育、安全教育和性教育，让他们更好地认识自己的身体，从而更好地保护自己。

除了行为教育,Psychological communication is necessary.Primary school,Children of parents or more depend on the stage,Met a lot of hope that parents help answer or solve all problems.so,Advises parents no matter the work again busy,Also it takes 1-2 hours a day to chat with your child,以平, etc.的角度跟他聊聊他的朋友/The school life/喜欢什么功课, etc.生活问题.Especially in grade four or five girls,The boy at level five or six years,This is the important period of physical development.Parents should do physical education for them in time/Safety education and sex education,Let them a better understanding of your body,To better protect themselves.

　　中学 鼓励孩子交朋友减少孤独感

中学 鼓励孩子交朋友减少孤独感

　　初中是孩子世界观逐渐形成的阶段，需要培养人际交往的能力。专家表示，青春期是不少精神疾病的初发期。要鼓励孩子多交朋友，多鼓励孩子与朋友一起玩，多参加户外活动，让他在朋友圈里正常成长，让他不觉孤独，给他更多安全感。多组织、参加亲子活动，让孩子多和朋友相处。甚至要鼓励孩子结交异性朋友(并非谈恋爱)，让他消除对异性的神秘感，避免面对异性时紧张、好奇。

初中是孩子世界观逐渐形成的阶段,Need to develop their interpersonal ability.Experts say,Adolescence is a mental illness incipient stage.To encourage the children to make more friends,Encouraging children to play together with friends,Participate in outdoor activities,Let him grow normally in the circle of friends,He felt lonely,Give him more sense of security.Many organizations/Parent-child activities,Let the children and friends.Even to encourage kids to make heterosexual friends(Not to fall in love),Let him to eliminate the mystery of the opposite sex,Avoid nervous when in the face of the opposite sex/Curious about.

　　高中 学业压力大，不关注、太关注都不对

高中 学业压力大,Don't focus on/Not too concerned about

　　高中阶段是压力最大的阶段，也是最敏感的阶段。

高中阶段是压力最大的阶段,Is also the most sensitive stage.

　　在这个阶段，孩子也更愿意和同学、老师打交道，家长能够参与的事情也很少了，更要注意沟通方式，避免孩子反感。这个阶段，家长往往有两种错误的教育方式：

在At this stage,Children are also more willing to with my classmates/The teacher to deal with,Parents to participate in things rarely,More attention should be paid to communication,Avoid children dislike.At this stage,Parents often have two kinds of wrong way of education:

　　一、太过信任孩子。看孩子平常表现得相当成熟，便觉得孩子很独立，家长自己也很忙，认为孩子的事情他自己可以打理，缺乏必要的沟通与关注反而会带来心理问题。其实，家长不应该因为工作忙而对孩子不闻不问，应该教会孩子更好地管理自己的时间和心情。

一/Too much trust in children.The children usually behave quite mature,They think children are independent,Parents very busy myself,Think children things he can do himself,Lack of necessary communication and attention it will lead to psychological problems.In fact,Parents should not to children because the job is busy,Should teach children to better manage their time and mood.

　　二、太过担心孩子。总觉得孩子心理压力很大，总想给他更多的关心和照顾，却没想到让孩子的压力更大了。记者 黄璐

二/Worry too much about children.Always feel that children's mental pressure is very big,Always want to give him more concern and care,But didn't let the child's pressure is more big.The reporter Huang Lu