中国建设报特约评论员 杨遴杰

China construction news special commentator for selecting the Yang jie

　　降房价一直是近几年来经济管理中的一个重要话题。根本上，房屋和住房的供应速度很慢，前些年货币增长过快，市场流动性过剩引发的需求增长远超过供应的速度，所以房价涨起来是高歌猛进的路数。要降房价，短期内只能采取硬路数，先把需求中的投资部分去掉，所以才有限购的招数，也算是稳住了房价。长期来看，不能否认人们投资的合理性，还是要从经济学的原理出发，去除各种垄断和非市场化的因素阻隔，让各行业的市场空间放开，行业利润尽可能平均化。

House prices have been down in recent years in the management of the economy is an important topic。fundamentally，Houses and housing supply is slow，Before some year monetary growth too fast，Market liquidity trigger demand growth far more than the speed of supply，So prices rise is unconventional because of。House prices to drop，Short-term inside can take his hard，The first part of the investment demand removed，So that was a 限购 of the move，Also be hold up the price。In the long term，People can't deny the rationality of the investment，Or from the economics principle，Remove all kinds of monopoly and non-market factors, cut off，Let the industry market space release，Industry profits averaging them out as much as possible。

　　价格无非供求两者关系的影响，马力强劲的投资需求控制住后，增加供应就成为降低房价的一个重要手段。国务院在以往多个调控房地产市场的文件里都提出了增加保障性住房和普通商品住宅用地的要求。这是正解，但是关键在于落实，不能只落在政策上。落实下来还需要从两个层面来实现：一个是国家层面能否增加年度的新增建设用地指标，把整体盘子做大；二是地方政府能否调整土地供应结构，在整个盘子里多划出些房地产用地的规模来。

The price but the influence of the relationship between supply and demand，Horsepower strong investment demand after control，Increase supply will be lower prices, one of the important means。The state council in more than ever before in regulating the real estate market in the documents have proposed increase and affordable housing common commodities housing land requirements。This is positive solutions，But the key is to carry out，Can't just fall in the policy。Implement down need from two levels to achieve：One is the national level can increase annual new construction land index，The whole plate do big；2 it is the local government can adjust the land supply structure，In the whole plate more land scale carve out some real estate。

　　谈到增加年度用地指标的问题，就绕不开18亿亩耕地红线问题。因为有红线控制，加上占补平衡的要求和补充耕地的能力、潜力都有限，所以每年新增的规模基本限制在现在的600万亩左右。如果要每年大量突破这个规模，就要涉及红线是否要移动的问题。需不需要保有一定的耕地数量，这个回答是肯定的。但是不是就是18亿亩，答案就不那么肯定了。现实中到底耕地够不够还要通过市场的表现和耕种情况的观察来思考。

Talking about the annual increase of land use target，It won't open the red line 1.8 billion hectares of arable land。Because there is a red line control，Add of dynamic balance requirements and added the ability of the cultivated land、Potential are limited，So every year the size of the new basic limit of 6 million acres around in now。If a large scale to break through this year，The red line will be involved in the problem of whether to move。Need not to need to maintain a certain quantity of cultivated land，The answer is yes。But not is 1.8 billion mu，The answer is not so sure。In reality what is enough also through the market cultivated land performance and the state of cultivation of observation to think。

　　如果抛开战争的极端情况和部门权力的考虑，国家层面能增加年度用地规模会使得整个土地供应总量增加。但是增加的量是否能体现在房地产开发上，则需要靠地方政府的具体考虑。因为国家只管总规模，规模下去后怎么分，则是地方政府来做主的。

If put aside the extreme war department authority and the consideration，The national level can increase annual land use scale makes the land supply increase the total amount。But the increasing of a quantity to whether can reflect in real estate development，The need to depend on the local government of the specific consideration。Because the country is just the total scale，After the scale down how cent，It is the place of government to make decision。

　　现实中，地方政府并不热衷于多供应房地产用地，市场过冷时，供应也没人要；市场过热时，别的城市都不增加供应，你大面积增加，最后投机资金觉得未来几年当地房屋供应量大，投资收益不如其他城市，会绕道而行。再加上房地产用地供应规模控制住，地价上的回报也会比较可观。

reality，The local government is keen not supply more land for real estate，Market when cold，Supply also the nobody want；Overheated market when，Other cities don't increase supply，You large area increased，The last few years that the speculative local housing supply，Investment income than other cities，'ll go around。Plus real estate land supply scale control，Land price rewards is considerable。

　　但是从政绩和招商引资的角度来考虑，地方政府在工业用地和公共基础设施建设用地的供应上却是竭尽全力。一个富士康的内迁，在各省提出的占地要求动辄数千亩，各地没有不满足的。各地工业园区里大片土地晒太阳、长野草的情形蔚为壮观。而城市建设中大广场，宽马路也比比皆是，各地的办公大楼的豪华加上周边广场的气派，足以震惊全世界。土地用在这两个方面似乎从来没有觉得有什么限制。应该说，即使不增加年度用地指标，城市只要通过提高工业用地的利用效率，少铺张建面子工程，增加房地产部分的供地规模并不成大问题，而且还会提高整个城市的土地利用效率。

But from the Angle of political achievements and investment promotion and capital introduction to consider，The local government in industrial land and public infrastructure construction land supply is do their best。A company would move in，In the provinces of proposed requirements at every turn thousands of acres covers an area，No don't meet all over。Industrial park in the area around huge tracts of land the sunshine、In the case of the spectacular long grass。And city construction cuhk square，Wide street also can be found everywhere，The office building all over the luxury and the air surrounding square，Enough to shock the world。Land use in these two aspects seems to never feel what limit。Should say，Even if not increase annual land index，Only through the city industrial land use efficiency improving，Little extravagance and build face engineering，Increase of real estate for scale doesn't into big problem，It also will increase the whole city land use efficiency。

　　放大总规模需要整个国家层面的土地管理思路进行调整。而在城市内部进行结构调整，需要针对作为供地主体的地方政府出台政策，约束其低地价、大规模的供应土地招商引资，控制其搞政绩工程的冲动，提高房地产用地的供应比例。

Enlarge the scale of the whole country to the total level of land management ideas adjustment。And in city internal structure adjustment，As for the main body in need of local government policy，Its low price constraints、The scale of the supply of land investment promotion，Control of its make projects for political impulse，Improve the supply of real estate land proportion。