编者按：涂药黄瓜、有毒豇豆、问题猪肉……如今又出现甲醛白菜、蓝矾韭菜，各种农药、兽药、激素、保鲜剂等农用药剂的超标、违规使用，正在成为农产品质量安全的源头之祸。对此，有一种声音解释说：不用这些化学药剂，百姓的餐桌就没有保障。这话有一定道理，不过我们也该反思，农药(包括各种农药、兽药、激素、保鲜剂等)是否用得过多过乱？农业生产一线何以越来越依赖化学药剂？生态种植技术为什么得不到推广？科研部门为何开发不出低毒、高效的农用药剂？弄清这些问题，或许才能为保障农产品的质量与产量找到正道。

Editor's note：Besmear medicine cucumber、Toxic cowpea、Problem pork...Now it appears formaldehyde of cabbage、LanFan leek，All kinds of pesticides、Veterinary medicine、hormone、BaoXianJi agricultural reagents such as standard、Illegal USES，Is becoming the quality and safety of agricultural products of the source of the trouble。this，There is a voice explained：Don't these chemicals，The table is no guarantee people。This makes sense，But we also have this reflection，pesticide(Including all kinds of pesticides、Veterinary medicine、hormone、BaoXianJi etc)Whether a mess too much with？Agricultural production line why more and more dependent on chemicals？Why not planting technology ecological promotion？Why do scientific research department development a low toxicity、Efficient agricultural elixir？Make clear these problems，Perhaps to guarantee the quality of agricultural products for yield and find the right way。

农药滥用 触目惊心 Pesticide shocking abuse

　　半月谈记者近日在湖南省长沙市望城县力田村采访，村民文志祥与记者谈起当前农药使用的情况，让人忧心不已。

半月谈 reporter recently in changsha in hunan WangChengXian force TianCun interview，The villagers WenZhi auspicious and reporters about the current pesticide use，Let worry unceasingly。

　　以前村里很流行打剧毒农药，多灭灵(甲胺磷)、克百威(呋喃丹)都是用得比较多的药。这些药毒到什么程度呢？人只要喝一小口就会死，以前村里有个老太太，用装过这些农药的空瓶子喝水，结果就死掉了。打过这种药的蔬菜，采摘和装运时都得戴上长长的皮手套，否则双手双臂就会起泡、脱皮甚至溃烂。

The village is very popular before a poisonous chemicals，Destroyed more spirit(methamidophos)、Enforcing exsisting(FuNanDan)With more is the medicine。These drugs poison to what degree？So long as people drink a small mouth will die，Have an old woman in the village before，With these chemicals into the empty bottle to drink water，The result is dead。Played this medicine of vegetables，When picking and shipment to wear long leather gloves，Otherwise hands arms will be blister、Peeling even ulcerating。

　　用药高峰期的时候，有村民家的鱼塘里死了1000多斤鱼，都是因为那些药瓶子到处扔，大白天，几百只瓶子在田里晃得直刺人眼。多年前我们打赤脚就能下田，现在就算穿着靴子，都怕被玻璃碴划破脚。

Use the peak，Have the house of the dead fish pond fish more than 1000 pounds，It's all because of the medicine bottle throwing around，In broad daylight，Hundreds of bottle sway in the field to puncture the human eye。Many years ago, we can be universally its cultivator barefoot，Now even if wearing boots，All afraid of be BoLiCha ripped the feet。

　　现在搞统防统治了，用剧毒农药的村民慢慢少了，但还是有。而且村子周围也始终有卖这些药的店。不少村民因为缺乏病虫害防治知识，就一次又一次地打药，甚至有村民一季早稻施13次药，可虫还是越打越多，最后还得靠剧毒农药。有时候村民间闲聊，听说哪个地方有“老农药”卖，就会跑去买。

Now make TongFang rule，The villagers of the pesticide use deadly poison slowly less，But there are。And around the village has always have sold the medicine store。Many villagers because of the lack of pest control knowledge，Once again DaYao，Even have a season was the early rice 13 times medicine，Can the dozen or more worm，Finally have to rely on poisonous chemicals。Sometimes talk between the villagers，Hear which places have“Old pesticide”sell，They ran to buy。

　　文志祥说，打这些药种出来的早稻，不要说自己不吃，就连喂猪都不会用这样的早稻。“反正自己不会吃，都卖给粮贩子了。”村民李文九开玩笑说，“这种早稻都被你们(指记者)吃了吧？”

WenZhi cheung said，Play these drugs out of kind of early rice，Don't say they don't eat，Even to feed the pigs are not in this early rice。“Anyway, he won't eat，Were sold to LiangFanZi......。”The villagers LiWenJiu joked，“The early rice are you(Refers to the reporter)Ate it？”

　　农民都知道剧毒农药不宜用，但仍有不少人“偏爱”剧毒农药，原因就在于这些农药的药效“管用”。有个村民甚至直言：“有毒的，才是高效的。”

Farmers know poisonous to use pesticides，But there are still many people“preference”Poisonous chemicals，Reason is that these pesticide effects“work”。There is a villagers even the truth：“toxic，Is efficient。”

　　记者采访发现，农药的滥用和违规使用不局限于一时一地，而是一个较为普遍的现象。记者在江西赣东北的蔬菜种植区域采访时看到，不少菜地边上或沟渠中，白色塑料袋、褐色玻璃瓶等形形色色胡乱抛弃的农药包装随处可见。

Reporters found，Pesticide abuse and illegal USES is not limited to a moment，But a more widespread phenomenon。Reporters in northeastern jiangxi province in jiangxi of vegetable planting area in an interview to see，Many on the vegetable plot or ditches，The white plastic bag、Brown glass bottles as varied wildly out of packaging pesticides can be seen everywhere。

　　一位蔬菜种植户向记者感叹：“杀灭一种小虫子，需要四五种农药。现在虫子吃的药像人吃的药，又杂又乱。一种药剂成分，多个品牌包装，农民眼都挑花了，还不一定找到管用的药。”

A vegetable farmers to reporters exclamation：“Kill a worm，Need four or five pesticides。Now worms eat medicine like people eat medicine，And mixed and disorderly。A potion ingredients，More brand packaging，Farmers' eyes all hand-stitching work......，Still not find useful medicine。”

　　前不久，江西省在全省开展蔬菜生产用药专项检查，其中广昌、萍乡、龙南、吉州等地区的农药监管部门在这期间检查了70个乡镇，246家乡级经销店，270家村级经销店，抽查样品315个，送检农药16个，查出种植蔬菜使用的高毒农药4种。

Not long ago，In the province of jiangxi province in vegetable production drug use special inspection，Among them GuangChang、pingxiang、LongNa、Auspicious state in the provinces of pesticide in this period supervision department examined 70 towns，246 home level distribution shops，270 home village distribution shops，Spot check of 315 samples，Send the pesticide 16，Find out the high toxic grow vegetables use pesticides four。

　　在远近闻名的蔬菜基地山东寿光，该市文家街道办韩家村菜农韩贵方告诉记者，近年来病虫害越来越多，很多都是以前没有见过的，菜农很难分辨，就多用药。大家都觉得“有病没病，打了管用”。

In a well-known vegetable base shandong shouguang，The city WenGu neighborhood HanGuCun farmers are HanGuiFang told reporters，Plant diseases and insect pests in recent years more and more，Many are have before，Farmers are difficult to distinguish，Much use。Everybody thought that“Sick have no disease，Played work”。

　　不仅仅是蔬菜，就是大田作物，也离不开大量的农药。中国科学院植物研究所首席研究员蒋高明在沂蒙山区做了调查，不论是玉米、小麦等粮食作物，还是大蒜、花生等经济作物，生长期打药均不少于3遍。以下是他的粗略统计：

Is not only vegetables，Is crops in，Without a lot of pesticides。The Chinese academy of sciences institute of plant chief researcher did a survey in jiang gaoming yimeng mountain area，Both corn、Food crops such as wheat，Or garlic、Peanut and other economic crops，DaYao growth are not less than three times。The following is his rough statistics：

　　玉米：除草剂1次、杀虫剂拌种1次、灭杀地老虎1次、向玉米心撒药灭玉米螟2次，至少5次。

corn：Herbicides 1 time、Pesticides beforehand sowing.results 1 time、DeLaoHu annihilate one、To the heart and corn borer medicine out 2 times，At least five times。

　　小麦：除草剂1次、杀虫剂拌种1次、除蚜虫2次、杀红蜘蛛1次、灭小绿虫1次，至少6次。

wheat：Herbicides 1 time、Pesticides beforehand sowing.results 1 time、In addition to the aphids 2 times、Kill starscream 1 time、Little green worm out 1 time，At least six times。

　　大蒜：除草剂1次、杀虫剂1次、农药灌根1次，至少3次。

garlic：Herbicides 1 time、Pesticides 1 time、Pesticide once irrigation root，At least three times。

　　土豆：除草剂1次、农药2次(蚜虫1次、地老虎1次)，至少3次。

potatoes：Herbicides 1 time、Pesticide 2 times(Aphids 1 time、DeLaoHu 1 time)，At least three times。

　　花生：除草剂1次、农药5次(浆虫1次、青虫2次、蚜虫1次、红蜘蛛1次)，至少6次。

peanuts：Herbicides 1 time、Pesticide 5 times(Plasma insect one、Green insect is 2 times、Aphids 1 time、Starscream 1 time)，At least six times。

　　西瓜：除草剂1次、乐果灭蚜虫1次、除菌2次，至少4次。

watermelon：Herbicides 1 time、Dimethoate out once aphids、Aseptic 2 times，At least four times。

　　蒋高明告诉记者，常年打药使得杂草和病虫害的抗药性越来越强，农民就不得不打更多的药来控制，而杂草和病虫害的抗药性就进一步增强，如此形成恶性循环。

Jiang gaoming told reporters，DaYao perennial plant diseases and insect pests and weeds that resistance is more and more strong，Farmers will have to play more drugs to control，And weeds and plant diseases and insect pests of resistance is further improved，Such a vicious cycle。

　　山东省农业科学院资源与环境研究所前所长刘兆辉介绍，相关研究表明，由于农药制剂的物理和化学性能局限，真正作用于作物上的农药仅占施用量的10%至30%，其余20%至30%进入了大气和水体，50%至60%残留于土壤中。甲胺磷、呋喃丹类的剧毒农药残留在土壤中，60年内都无法降解。

Shandong academy of agricultural resources and environmental research institute of before LiuZhaoHui introduced，Related research shows that，Because of the pesticide preparations physical and chemical properties limited，Real role in plant pesticide accounted for only 10% of the seems to 30%，The remaining 20% to 30% into the air and water，50% to 60% to the soil of residual。methamidophos、FuNanDan kind poisonous pesticide residues in the soil，60 years can't degradation。

　　除了种植业，在禽畜养殖中滥用药剂的情况也很严重。西北农林科技大学兽医院院长王晶钰说，近年来，兽药、尤其抗生素产销量增长速度远大于禽畜养殖量增长速度。

In addition to the planting industry，In livestock breeding drug abuse is also very serious。Northwest a&f university of veterinary hospital, WangJingYu said，In recent years，Veterinary medicine、Especially antibiotics growth far outweigh the livestock production cultivation quantity of growth。

　　西安市长安区郭杜镇一位养鸡大户告诉记者，养鸡常得怪病，查不出病因，找不到有效的药方，一次治不好，就不停地换药、加大药剂量，包括抗菌药、消炎药在内的各种抗生素类药不停地在鸡群中施用，效果还是不明显。

Changan area GuoDu town xian a large chicken told reporters，Chicken is often have to strange disease，Find no fault causes，Can't find effective prescription，A not cure，Constantly change medicine、Increase drug dose，Including antibiotic、Antiphlogistic medicine, a variety of antibiotic medicine kept in the chicken group，The effect still is not obvious。

　　一些生猪养殖户为降低风险，在饲料中盲目添加抗生素，为的是让猪“提高免疫力”。王晶钰说，给畜禽盲目食用抗生素可诱发耐药性，使畜禽成为庞大的耐药基因储藏库。畜禽疾病抵抗力变差，发生疫病时，不得不加大用药剂量，造成恶性循环。更为严重的是，药物滥用，还会导致疾病变种，乃至无药可医。

Some pig farmers to reduce risk，In the feed blind add antibiotics，In order to make the pig“Enhance immunity”。WangJingYu said，To livestock and poultry blind consumption can induce antibiotic resistance，To become a huge livestock resistant gene vault。Livestock and poultry disease resistance becomes poor，Happen when disease，Have to increase the dosage，Cause vicious cycle。More seriously，Drug abuse，Also can lead to disease varieties，And no known cure。

　　记者走访发现，在水产品养殖中，为提升幼苗存活率、减少病害发生，部分养殖户会在水产养殖中违法使用对人体有害的孔雀石绿、硝基呋喃等药物。

The reporter found visit，In breeding aquatic products，To enhance seedling the survival rate、Reduce disease occurs，Part of the farmers will be in aquaculture in illegal use harmful to human body malachite green、The nitro furan drugs, etc。

　　一位养殖户向记者介绍，尽管国家将孔雀石绿列入禁用的兽药，但由于这一药物可帮助提升鱼幼苗存活率，且价格便宜，在市场上容易买到，有些养殖户就在生产过程中偷偷使用。

A breeding farmers introduces to the reporter，Although the national will malachite green banned in veterinary medicine，But because the drugs can help to enhance the survival rate fish seedlings，And low-cost，On the market in easy to get，Some operations is in the process of production secretly use。

　　农业药剂的滥用带来了巨大的农产品安全隐患。时不时爆出的农药残留超标问题、蔬菜中毒事件让人心有余悸；更让人担心的是尚未被发现和认知的危害，如抗生素在体内的蓄积，可能导致器官病变，产生变态反应、过敏反应、免疫抑制等问题。(半月谈记者 周勉 郭远明 娄辰 吴小康)

The abuse of agricultural pharmaceutical brings huge agricultural product safety problems。Every now and then explode of pesticide residue overweight problems、Vegetables poisoning let people jittery；More worrisome is have not yet been discovered and cognitive damage，If the accumulation of antibiotics in the body，May cause organ lesions，Produce abnormal reaction、Allergic reaction、Immunosuppression。(半月谈 reporter ZhouMian GuoYuanMing LouChen WuXiaoKang)

农民的无奈与诉说 The farmers and helplessness, say

　　消费者们说起农药滥用和农药残留，往往一肚子愤慨，不少人就直指农产品生产者缺德。其实，对于这种指责，大多数农民和农产品经营者也有一肚子委屈和无奈。

Consumers speak of pesticide abuse and pesticide residue，Often has a wide repertoire of indignation，Many people will directly to the agricultural producers wicked。In fact，For the accusations，Most farmers and agricultural products operator also has plenty to injustice and helpless。

病急只有乱投医 Only a TouYi disease urgent

　　湖南省株洲县排上村养殖户张子龙曾经是一名基层防疫员，从他的爷爷开始，一家三代人都在基层从事生猪防疫工作，但几年前暴发的高致病性猪蓝耳病让经验丰富的他也损失惨重。张子龙告诉记者，从2004年开始，生猪疫情越来越复杂，“高致病性蓝耳病以前在我国绝对没有，至少我做防疫员20多年，从没见过。”

ZhuZhouXian row of hunan province on village ZhangZiLong householders who is a grassroots FangYiYuan，From his grandfather started，A three generations in the live pig epidemic prevention at the grassroots level，But a few years ago outbreak of highly pathogenic of blue ear pig disease let the experienced he also suffered heavy losses。ZhangZiLong told reporters，From 2004 to，Pig disease in more and more complicated，“The highly pathogenic blue ear disease in our country absolutely not before，At least I do FangYiYuan more than 20 years，Had never seen。”

　　株洲市攸县西洋垅村养殖户胡宗彪坦言，因害怕日益复杂的疫情，他从来不到县外寻找猪源，所有仔猪都从附近熟人那里买。“我们村以前养猪的不少，大家有时候相互交流，觉得几乎每年都会发现新病，不知道是怎么暴发的。我也是害怕了，才不敢乱买仔猪。现在村里就我一户还在养猪，其他的都亏死了。”

YouXian zhuzhou city western long village farmers HuZongBiao said，Because of a fear of increasingly complex situation，He never less than outside the county looking for pig source，All piglets from nearby bought all acquaintances。“Our village of pigs before many，People sometimes mutual exchange，Feel almost every year will find new disease，Don't know what the outbreak。I was afraid，Don't buy a piglet。Now as I'm a family in the village in raising pigs，The others are kui dead。”

　　湖南农业大学动物医学院临床兽医系副教授贾杏林告诉记者，包括生猪蓝耳病、圆环病等都是由国外引种带进国内，经变异后进一步加强。“国外品种生猪最大的缺点就是抗病性低，一旦发病，伤亡十分严重。”贾杏林说，这很容易引起养殖户恐慌，导致病急乱投医、乱用药。

Hunan agricultural university medical school, an associate professor of clinical veterinary animals JiaXingLin told reporters，Including the live pig blue ear disease、Circle disease is introduced from abroad and brought into domestic，After further strengthen the variation。“Foreign variety biggest drawback is pig disease resistance, low，Once the，Casualties very serious。”JiaXingLin said，It is easy to attract farmers panic，Lead to make rush decisions、proveharmful。

　　不仅养殖业，种植业同样如此。过去几年，江西部分地区出现严重的稻瘟病、稻飞虱等病虫害，农民告诉记者，为保产量，一些地区的农田一周内要打三四次农药，用药频率是平常年份的数倍。如果不频繁打药，就意味着减产甚至绝收，一年的辛勤汗水就白流了。

Breeding industry not only，The planting industry as well。In the past few years，Jiangxi parts appear serious blast、Plant diseases and insect pests of rice planthopper, etc，Farmer told reporters，For the production，Some areas of farmland to play three or four times a week of pesticides，Drug use frequency is the common years several times。If not DaYao frequently，Means that even JueShou production，A year of hard sweat is vain。

反季节生产不用猛药不行 This increased production need not potent medicine can't

　　山东省泰安市岱岳区颜谢村菜农王在虎的蔬菜大棚里有一个纸箱，箱子里放着各种各样的农药包装物，记者仔细数了数，共有14种农药，包括杀虫类农药8种、杀菌类4种、杀螨类两种。

Shandong province TaiAnShi DaiYueOu yan thank village farmers are in the king tiger vegetables have a carton shelter，The box all kinds of pesticides package，Reporter carefully number number，14 kinds of pesticides，Including insecticidal 8 kinds of pesticides、Sterilization class four、Mites kill two。

　　王在虎告诉记者，施用农药贯穿设施蔬菜栽培的全过程，从播种到收获，每一步都伴随着农药的施用。种子要农药拌种；休棚期直接对土壤用药，以解决土壤消毒、连作障碍、土传病虫害等问题；从定植到最后拔秧一直要防治各种病虫害。为了提高坐果率、膨大催熟果实或果实塑形，还要使用大量植物激素。

The king tiger told reporters，The pesticide throughout the whole process of vegetable cultivation facilities，From sowing to harvest，Every step of the with pesticides。Seeds to pesticide beforehand sowing.results；Hugh tent period on soil use directly，In order to solve the soil disinfection、Continuous cropping obstacles、Soil spread diseases and insect pests；From planting to finally BaYang has been to control all kinds of diseases and pests。In order to improve the fruit-bearing rate、Accelerating ripening fruit or fruit expands the model form，Also using a large plant hormones。

　　尽管用了大量农药，病虫害还是难以控制。更为严重的是，新的病虫害不断出现，“用啥药都控制不住”。一些老菜农反映，设施蔬菜生产为病虫害越冬和繁殖提供了适宜场所，导致病虫害发生多、蔓延快、危害重。这些年白粉虱、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、蓟马、潜叶蝇、根结线虫等虫害以及枯萎病、炭疽病、叶霉病、灰霉病、霜霉病、疤斑病、晚疫病等病害越来越多，危害逐渐加重，迫使菜农用药次数增加，药量加大。

Although with plenty of pesticides，Plant diseases and insect pests or difficult to control。More seriously，The new plant diseases and insect pests appear constantly，“What medicine with control”。Some old gardener reflect，Facilities for the winter vegetables production plant diseases and insect pests and reproductive provides appropriate places，Lead to diseases and insect pests occurrence、Spread fast、Harm heavy。For years with lice、aphids、starscream、Thistle horse、Leucoptera flies、The root nematode pests such as and blight、anthrax、Leaf mildew、Grey mould、Downy mildew、Scar spot disease、Late blight disease more and more，Damage increased，Forced farmers are more drug use，Dosage increase。

　　中国科学院植物研究所首席研究员蒋高明认为，蔬菜大棚本身就是用农药、化肥、农膜“制造”出来的“有毒”微环境。为了打破四季交替规律种菜，就必须使用大量农膜、农药、化肥，而这又势必对土壤、水体造成污染，污染之后又需要进一步加大化肥、农药的用量，在更大程度上造成污染，形成“鸦片式治疗”的恶性循环。

The Chinese academy of sciences institute of plant chief researcher jiang gaoming think，Vegetable shed itself is with pesticides、fertilizer、Agricultural films“manufacturing”Out of the“toxic”Micro environmental。In order to break the four seasons is alternant rule to grow vegetables，You must use a large agricultural films、pesticide、fertilizer，And that, in turn, members of the soil、Water pollution caused by the，After pollution and the need to further increase the fertilizer、The dosage of the pesticide，In a large extent cause pollution，form“Opium type treatment”Vicious cycle of。

物理防治成本太高 Physical prevention and control the cost was too high

　　南宁八桂田园是集“现代农业展示基地，新型观光旅游农业基地，现代农业科技教育、培训、实习基地，新品种、新技术、新成果的应用及推广基地，农业产业化经营示范基地”五大功能为一体的综合性现代农业科技观光园。

Nanning BaGui rural is the collection“Modern agriculture show base，New sightseeing agriculture base，Modern agriculture science and technology education、training、Practice base，New varieties、New technology、The new results of application and promotion of this base，The industrialized operation of agriculture demonstration base”The five functions is a body comprehensive modern agriculture science and technology sightseeing park。

　　八桂田园生产部负责人韦志林告诉记者，园区防治病虫害主要采取物理方法，如安置诱虫灯、养殖益虫等，此外还会使用一些有机农药和生物农药。他透露，有机农药价格较贵，“比一般的农药贵一半以上”。此外，由于有机农药对使用条件要求严格，农民较难掌握，效果并不一定比化学农药好。这也是部分农民不愿意选择有机农药的主要原因。

BaGui rural production chief WeiZhiLin told reporters，The plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control mainly adopts the physical methods，If placed mothkilling lamp、Breeding beneficial insects, etc，In addition will still use some organic pesticides and biological pesticide。He revealed，Organic pesticides price is more expensive，“Than the common pesticide your more than half”。In addition，Organic pesticides on the strict conditions of use，Farmers are difficult to master，The effect is not certain chemical pesticides than good。This is part of the farmers don't want to choose the main reason for the organic pesticides。

　　长沙市开福区一位不愿透露名字的菜农说，有的菜不打药也可以，就用人工捉虫。但是这个办法费时费力，成本非常高，跟打药比起来，至少高出5倍。用防虫网，由于遮光，会导致蔬菜减产20%～50%，而且蔬菜长得不健壮。“我们菜农也有苦衷，种菜不容易，种菜要赚钱更不容易。不用药产量上不去，卖相不好价格上不去。换作你们又该怎么办？”他无奈地表示。

Kaifu district in changsha city one does not wish to disclose the name vegetable said，Some vegetables do not DaYao can also，With the artificial catch worm。But the way to time-consuming，Cost is very high，Compared with DaYao，At least five times higher。Use insect nets，Due to the shading，Can lead to vegetables production by 20% ~ 50%，And vegetables grow not strong。“We farmers are also have difficulties，Vegetable not easy to，Growing vegetables to make money more is not easy。Don't use yield couldn't get on，The presentation is bad the price can't go up。For you and what should I do？”He reluctantly said。

远距离运输难题谁来解 Long-distance transportation problem who solution

　　今年5月国内爆出“甲醛白菜”时，记者曾到山东青州地区采访，当时一些蔬菜经纪人称，冬季气温低，白菜不需要用甲醛溶液保鲜，只有春夏之交上市的春白菜才会使用。当地公安机关查处了多名使用甲醛溶液为春白菜保鲜的车主。据这些商贩交代，喷过甲醛的春白菜被运往山西、河北、北京、内蒙古等多个省份。

In may this year in China“Formaldehyde cabbage”when，The reporter had to shandong qingzhou area interview，At that time some vegetables agent says，Winter temperatures low，Chinese cabbage don't need fresh with formaldehyde solution，Only in the spring spring listed will use the cabbage。The local public security organ investigates the use of formaldehyde solution for spring fresh cabbage advocate。According to these vendors explaination，The spring was sprayed with formaldehyde cabbage be shipped to shanxi、hebei、Beijing、Inner Mongolia, and other provinces。

　　一名商贩告诉记者：一车菜从山东青州运到河北廊坊要10个小时。如果不喷(甲醛溶液)，白菜就会红根。运过去之后，卖菜还要时间。当天卖不掉的话，第二天就会烂很多，损耗就大了。廊坊那边的菜贩子也要求用甲醛保鲜，喷过的白菜根部白净，菜贩喜欢收，市场也好卖。

A peddler told reporters：A car from shandong dishes to qingzhou Hebe langfang to 10 hours。If not spray(Formaldehyde solution)，Chinese cabbage will red root。After the past，Sell food and time。If not be sold on the day，The second day will be lousy lot，Loss is great。Langfang there of food dealers also requires fresh with formaldehyde，The root of cabbage sprayed with their robes，Bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man like the，Market or sell。

　　专家表示，甲醛本身不是食品添加剂，不仅不能用于食品中，也明确规定不得用于初级农产品中。在农产品的运输环节，尤其需要警惕甲醛等药剂的使用。

Experts say，Formaldehyde itself is not a food additive，Not only can not be used in food，Also clearly stipulates shall not be used for primary agricultural products。The transport links in agricultural products，Especially need to alert the use of such as formaldehyde agents。

　　业内人士认为，当前我国农产品是大流通格局，相比过去，运输距离远、时间跨度长，这就对农产品运输提出了新课题，尤其是对蔬菜等鲜活农产品，更是增加了运输难度。在炎热的天气条件下，如何保鲜是蔬菜经销商、加工企业共同面对的难题。(半月谈记者 娄辰 周勉 郭远明 吴小康)

The personage inside course of study thinks，The current agricultural products in China is big circulation patterns，Compared with the past，Transportation distance、Long time span，It is proposed to the agricultural products transportation new topic，Especially for vegetables fresh agricultural products，But also increases the difficulty of transportation。In the hot weather conditions，How to fresh vegetable dealer is、Processing enterprise to face problems。(半月谈 reporter LouChen ZhouMian GuoYuanMing WuXiaoKang)

拷问田间科技创新 Torture field science and technology innovation

　　一波又一波的病虫害给农业生产带来极大困扰，也从源头上造成了农药滥用。对农药使用加强监管无疑为我们获取安全农产品增加了保障，但若不从病虫害的防治、高效低毒农药的研制等源头入手，去服务农业生产，帮助农民解难，监管工作终究事倍功半。

Wave after wave of plant diseases and insect pests agricultural production to great trouble，From the source also caused the pesticide abuse。To use pesticides strengthening the supervision will surely increase the guarantee for safe agricultural products，But if not from the prevention and control of diseases and pests、High-efficiency, such as pesticide research of source，To be of service to agricultural production，Help farmers out，Supervision work all the wasted effort。

防治水平尚有不足，亟待提高 Control level there is insufficient，To improve

　　目前，我国在农作物病虫害防治技术的研究和利用上，仍处于相对落后的状态。中国农科院植物保护研究所所长陈万权说，国外出来一个新的作物品种，抗病背景非常清楚，而我国遗传学研究应用还不够普及，植保和育种的合作少，盲目性比较大。

At present，In our country, crop pests prevention and control technology research and use，Still in a relatively backward state。Chinese academy of institute of plant protection ChenWanQuan said，Foreign out a new crop varieties，Resistance background is very clear，And our country genetics research applications are not widely available，Eppo and breeding of less cooperation，Blindness is bigger。

　　中国农科院植物保护研究所研究员王桂荣说，在植物抗病防虫方面，考虑到转基因作物也会引起新的病虫害，国外已经开始努力寻找生物的方法，为未来的转基因作物储备新型生物农药技术。比如通过研究昆虫的基因，为研发新型农药提供更明确的靶标。

Chinese academy of plant protection researcher at the institute WangGuiRong said，In the aspects of plant resistance insect，Considering the gm crops can also cause new plant diseases and insect pests，Foreign have started a drive to find biological method，For the future of genetically modified crops reserve new biological pesticide technology。For example through the study of insect gene，For the research and development of new pesticide provide more specific targets。

　　“现在国外一些公司通过大范围协作，很多昆虫的基因组都已经测完了，然后通过生物信息技术和分子技术，一次性把一种昆虫的全部基因分析出来。”王桂荣说，而国内很多实验室还停留在简单基因克隆的研究水平，与国外差距越拉越大。

“Now some company through the big range foreign cooperation，Many insects have finished the genome，Then through the biological information technology and molecular technology，Blow a insects out all the genes analysis。”WangGuiRong said，And many domestic lab is still in simple gene cloning research level，And foreign widening gap。

　　除基础研究外，我国在病虫害防治技术上也存在不足。

In addition to the basic research，Our country in pest prevention and control technology, there is also a shortage。

　　广西玉林市农业委员会植保站站长陈景成说，南方地区每年都会发生稻飞虱等病虫害，每年2月份，当地就着手预测工作。根据田间调查、历史比对、气候分析等作出预测，中短期预测准确率可以达到80%以上，对防治工作提供了很大帮助。但目前预测工作主要还是靠传统的人工调查，缺乏先进的设备。

Guangxi yulin city agriculture committee ZhiBaoZhan adsense ChenJing achieve，The southern region of rice planthopper plant diseases and insect pests such as happens every year，Every year in February，Local began to predict work。According to the field investigation、History than、Climate analysis to make a prediction，Short-term prediction accuracy can achieve 80% above，The prevention and cure of work with great help。But at present, the main prediction or on the traditional manual survey，Lack of advanced equipment。

　　湖南省长沙县黄兴镇蔬菜协会会长章继业告诉记者，蔬菜病虫害预报比粮食作物更加困难。当地农业局通过“农业信息平台”提前将天气预报和病虫害防治情况发到每个蔬菜基地负责人手机上，“气象方面的预报还算有点用，但病虫害防治方面用处不是很大”。

Hunan province HuangXingZhen vegetable association President xingsha ZhangJiYe told reporters，Vegetable food crop pest and disease than forecast more difficult。Through local agriculture bureau“Agricultural information platform”Advance to the weather forecast and pest and disease control situation to each vegetable base chief on mobile phones，“The weather forecast is a little use，But plant diseases and insect pests prevention and use is not very big”。

　　章继业说，蔬菜病虫害防治必须因地制宜进行，而且这个“地”的范围非常小，整个黄兴镇两万多亩蔬菜，品种达几十种，每一个品种的发病周期、小气候、土壤环境都不一样，现在这种预测水平无法保证准确。

ZhangJiYe said，Vegetables pest control must adjust measures to local conditions，And the“to”The range is very small，The whole HuangXingZhen twenty thousand mu vegetables，A variety of dozens of，Each variety of the cycle、microclimate、Soil environment is not the same，Now this prediction level cannot assure accurate。

　　湖南省农业厅植保站站长欧高财认为，不管哪种预测，预测点所能覆盖的范围一般不会超过一个县，蔬菜种植所要求的预测精度更高。为解决这一问题，他建议，需要加大对整个农业有害生物的预警系统、防治系统的投入，建立从省到地、县、乡的农作物病虫害监测预警与防治技术支撑服务体系。

Hunan provincial bureau of animal husbandry ZhiBaoZhan adsense the high wealth think，No matter what kind of forecast，Prediction point can coverage generally can't more than a county，Vegetable planting the required prediction accuracy is higher。In order to solve the problem，He suggested that，To the need to increase agricultural harmful biological early warning system、The investment of prevention and control system，From the province to establish、county、The early warning of crop pest monitoring and control support service system。