“中国老年人生存现状”系列调查之一 “The Chinese elderly living situation”Series one of the investigation

住不进去的养老院 Live not in the nursing home

　　人口老龄化，这个谈论多年的老话题，正在变成真真切切的现实，摆在我们面前。现在，中国正全面迎来“421家庭”时代、“空巢”时代，我们正在以跑步的速度进入老龄社会，养老形势十分急迫。第六次全国人口普查数据显示，中国60岁以上老人有1.78亿。但截止到2010年，我国养老机构仅4万多个，床位300万余张，不足全国老年人口的2%。这造成了很多老人想住养老院安享晚年，却住不进去的困境。为什么住进养老院这么难？又该如何让每个人“老有所养”？《生命时报》记者深入调查分析，与专家共同探讨。

An aging population，This talk about the topic for years old，Is becoming true reality，Set before us。now，China is in full“421 family”era、“Empty nest”era，We are in the running speed into aging society，Endowment situation is very urgent。Sixth national population census data show，China more than 60 years old man has 178 million。But by 2010，China's endowment agency only more than 40000，Beds 3 million copies，The elderly population 2% shortage。This caused many old people want to live a nursing home, an old lady，But couldn't live in difficulties。Why so hard to live in a nursing home？And how to let every person“Old have a”？《Life times》Reporters further investigation analysis，And experts to discuss。

7年我才排进养老院 Seven years I just finished in the nursing home

　　经过7年苦苦等待，张奶奶和老伴儿终于住进了北京最“火”的一家公立养老院。“为住进养老院，我们托了不少关系，住进来就彻底踏实了。”

After 7 years had been waiting for，Grandma zhang and including his wife finally live into Beijing's most“fire”A public nursing home。“For living in a nursing home，"A lot of our relationship，Live in thoroughly steadfast。”

　　张奶奶一直没要孩子，所以养老问题考虑得比较早，老两口商量好一起在养老院颐养天年。退休后，他们在家里互相照顾，直到70多岁才开始联系养老院。“谁想到这么难进，早知道这样，一退休就应该登记排号。”7年前，当养老院的接待人员告诉他们，前面已经排了近千人时，老两口心里顿时凉了半截。但是，他们还是很坚定地选择公立养老院，“就是图个放心、踏实。以前听说过不少民办养老院的负面新闻，所以不会考虑。”

Grandma zhang didn't want the child，So the aged to consider early，The old couple in a nursing home together discuss good remaining years。After retirement，They take care of each other in the home，Until the 70 s began to contact nursing home。“Who thought of so angrily，Early know so，A retired should PaiHao registration。”Seven years ago，When the receptionist nursing home to them，Front row has the nearly person，The old couple heart suddenly cold half。but，They are still very firmly choose public nursing home，“Is the figure of a trust、steadfast。Before I've heard a lot of nursing home run by the negative press，So won't consider。”

　　同时登记了几家大型公立养老院后，老两口便开始了漫长等待。起初，还满心期待，有一些盼头。但是，一年、两年、三年过去了，每次电话咨询时都是“没床位，接着等”的答复，这让岁数一年老过一年的他们渐渐有了恐惧感，“真担心排上时，已经没那口气了。”于是，他们开始想法找关系，层层托、层层找，“拉下老脸也得把自己最后一程安排好”，张奶奶对这个想法十分坚定。今年年初，张奶奶和老伴儿终于如愿以偿，住进了这家配套设施以及护理服务均处于领先地位的公立养老院。虽然住进去以后，老两口不是很习惯，但他们还是十分庆幸能“挤”进来。

At the same time registered several large public after nursing home，The old couple started a long wait。At first，Also gearing up for，There are some hope。but，A year、Two years、Three years，Every time when the telephone consultation“No beds，Then, etc”answer，It makes a old age a year they gradually with the fear，“Really worry about row，Has not the tone。”so，They began to find ideas relationship，Layer upon layer"、Layer upon layer find，“Down and do his final ride arranged”，Grandma zhang towards this idea is very strong。Earlier this year，Grandma zhang and including his wife finally delivered，Live into the supporting facilities and nursing services are a leading public nursing home。Despite living inside of it，The old couple is not very habit，But they were happy that they can“crowded”Come in。

　　7月13日上午10点多，家住北京市房山区的张先生再次拨通了北京市第一社会福利院的电话。“您好，请问我家老人排到多少位了？”电话那头的回答跟3个月前所差无几，“前面还有几千人，着急的话就去其他家看看吧。”这是张先生给母亲登记了3年后，又一个“无功而返”的电话。无奈之下，张先生又先后去了多家养老院“考察”。他发现，多数公立养老院设施完善、服务齐全，地址多在市区，价格相对便宜，但是“一床难求”；有些远郊的小型公立养老院，虽然有空床，但“那里的设施条件很差，把老人送进去我不放心”；私立养老院的条件相对要差一些，收费又高，每月将近4000块钱，“这个经济压力太大了”。去年，张先生的母亲突发脑溢血，成了需要卧床的半自理老人，但不少养老院都拒收不能自理的老人。这样的窘境更让张先生一筹莫展。

July 13, at 10 o 'clock，Live in Beijing fangshan district of Mr. Zhang dialed Beijing again the first social welfare home telephone。“How do you do，Excuse me, my old man row to how many place？”Telephone that answer with 3 months previously sent few，“Front there are thousands of people，Hurry go to other home and see it。”This is Mr. Zhang to mother three years after the registration，And a“Have failed”phone。Helpless under，Mr. Zhang and has to the much home nursing home“investigation”。He found that，Most public facilities improve nursing home、Complete service，Address many in urban areas，cheaper，but“A bed, it is difficult to find”；Some of the exurb small public nursing home，Although have a spare bed，but“Where the facilities condition is poor，The old man sent in I don't trust”；Private nursing home conditions relative will send some，Fees and high，Nearly 4000 dollars a month，“The economic pressure is too high”。Last year，Mr. Zhang's mother a brain hemorrhage，To stay in bed for a half self-care old man，But many a nursing home are rejected the old man cannot provide for oneself。Such dilemma more let Mr. Zhang bewildered。

　　今年82岁高龄的王大爷，独自一人生活在北京市西城区椿树馆街附近。每天，他自己打胰岛素，自己做饭、吃饭、遛弯、看电视；每个周末，洗个澡，洗洗衣服；每月中旬，独自坐公交车去医院开药。迟暮的生命，就这样日复一日简单地重复着。王大爷有一个独子，但早就因为闹矛盾断了联系。几年前老伴儿去世后，生活就全靠他自己打理。但是岁数不饶人，王大爷越发感到力不从心，“尤其是生病了，真的没法照顾自己。”邻居纷纷劝他找个养老院。王大爷便通过社区，在几家大型公立养老院登了记，却一直杳无音信；私立养老院几千元的费用，王大爷不足3000元的退休金又无力支付。他只能继续这样独自生活着。

This year 82-year old uncle wang，Living alone in ChunShu museum near street, xicheng district, Beijing。Every day，He himself on the insulin，cooking、eat、Stroll is curved、Watching TV；Every weekend，Take a bath，Wash your clothes；Middle of a month，By bus to the hospital alone to prescribe medicine。Dying life，So day after day simply repeating。Uncle wang has a an only child，But early because make antinomy broken link。A few years ago including his wife died，Life is all on his own doing。But not forgive people lived，Uncle wang grew more feel inadequate，“Especially sick，Really can't take care of yourself。”Neighbors are advised him to find a nursing home。Uncle wang and through the community，In several large public nursing home up to remember，But always him；Private nursing home thousands of yuan charge，Uncle wang insufficient $3000 pension and unable to pay。He can only continue to live alone。

两极化的公立养老院 Polarization of public nursing home

　　“一床难求”的故事，每天都在很多有老人的家庭中上演着。公立养老院究竟是什么样？为什么这么难进？近日，《生命时报》记者展开了详细调查，发现了公立养老院的“双重面孔”。同为公立养老院，有的床位过千，有的却仅有几十张；有的场地开阔、风景优美、服务周到，有的却空间狭小，缺乏基本护理人员；有的排队人数近万，有的却床位闲置……

“A bed, it is difficult to find”story，Every day in many of the old man is in the family。What is public nursing home what kind？Why so told no？recently，《Life times》Reporters on the detailed investigation，Find the public of the nursing home“Double faces”。The same for the public nursing home，Some beds had thousand，Some only dozens of copies；Some sites open、Beautiful scenery、Considerate service，But some narrow space，Lack of basic nursing staff；Some queue number of nearly，Others beds...

　　7月10日，记者来到坐落于北京市朝阳区华严北里的第一社会福利院(以下简称一福)。身处闹市区静谧之处的它，交通十分便利，周边环境宜人。“一床难求”都不足以形容它抢手的程度，“排10年也住不进”似乎更为恰当。

July 10,，The reporter comes to located in Beijing chaoyang district hua yan north of the first social welfare institute(Hereinafter referred to as a blessing)。In downtown quiet place of it，Traffic is very convenient，Surrounding a pleasant environment。“A bed, it is difficult to find”It was enough to describe the extent of the gunners，“Line 10 years also live not in”Seems to be appropriate。

　　初进一福，记者看到，里面的环境和条件不亚于星级酒店。这里共有1100张床位，自理、半自理、不能自理的老人分别住在不同区域，院内还有一所老年病医院，阅览室、书画室、棋牌室、台球室、健身房、网吧和多功能厅等活动场所一应俱全。居住区分为套房、单间和双人间，平均每个房间二三十平方米，都配备了电视、空调等家用电器。此外，24小时生活热水、供氧、呼叫、消防报警等生活辅助系统也十分完备。

First entered a blessing，The reporter sees，The inside of the environment and conditions as star hotel。There are 1100 beds，self-care、Half self-care、The old man cannot provide for oneself are living in different area，And in a gien hospital，Reading room、ShuHuaShi、chess、Billiards room、gym、Internet cafe and multi-function hall and other activities are all places。Residential area divided into suite、Single and double room，An average of square meters in every room，Are equipped with television、Air conditioning and other home appliances。In addition，24 hours hot water of life、For oxygen、call、Fire alarm and life support systems are also very complete。

　　台球室内，85岁的李大爷正全神贯注地打着台球。他告诉记者，一福的服务、设施都挺好，人员素质也都很高，但是，“在这里生活得时间长了，感觉还是很压抑，有点被关起来的感觉。身边都是老人，时不时听说谁走了，会有生命结束的恐惧感。”

Billiards indoor，The 85-year-old li big ye is concentrating on dozen billiards。He told reporters，A good service、Facilities are both good，The personnel quality is very high also，but，“Life here is long，It was very depressed，A little be locked up feeling。Next is the old man，Occasionally heard who left，There will be the end of life fears。”

　　随后，记者以家属身份咨询一福接待处“大概几年能排进来？”工作人员说，“这不好说，除了老人‘西’去，很少有人退房，每年能空二三十张床，10年都不一定能排进来。”目前，所有床位都是满负荷，前面排了9000多人，其中自理区刚排到2007年登记的。

then，Reporter by consulting a blessed family identity at reception“Probably a few years can arrange come in？”Staff said，“It's difficult to say，In addition to the old man‘west’to，Few people check out of the room，A year of empty bed，10 years is not necessarily can arrange come in。”At present，All beds are full load，Front row of more than 9000 people，One area just row to provide 2007 registered。

　　与一福一墙之隔的北京市第五社会福利院只接收能够自理的老人。其生活服务设施同样十分完备，但仅有230张床位。记者咨询了解到，这里的入住时间也说不准，前面已经排了上千人。

With a blessing of the fifth social welfare institution of one wall lie between Beijing receive only can provide for oneself of old man。Its life service is also complete，But only 230 beds。Reporter consulting to understand，Here the check-in time can't say for sure，Thousands of people are already in the front。

　　跟“招牌”市属公立养老院相比，北京市乡镇、街道办的养老院却是另一番景象。位于北京市西城区广安门附近的怡乐园敬老院，是一家由街道投资兴办的养老院，于1998年开业，一共有56张床位。经过几次询问，记者才找到“隐蔽”于一所大型餐厅旁的这家养老院。推开大门，是个小小的露天院子，三五个老人坐在院中晒着太阳。正对大门的是厨房，“大厨”正在室外准备今天的食材。整栋大楼，只有一楼属于养老院，楼上是居民住宅。一眼可以望到尽头的楼道显得有些阴暗，一名老人站在楼道中间，背影显得格外孤独和无助。房间分为四人间和单间。在四人间，记者看到四张床脚对脚顶在一起，仅留出一条狭窄的过道，老人的东西零散地码放在床边。单人间也不大，摆了一张单人床，就基本没有活动空间了。

with“signs”Municipal public than nursing home，Beijing town、The neighborhood is another scene a nursing home。Located at Beijing xicheng district near the gate of the satisfying paradise nursing homes，Is a street invested by the nursing home，Opened in 1998，A total of 56 beds。After a few asked，Reporters to find“concealed”In a large restaurant of the the nursing home。Open the gate，A small open-air courtyard，Five old man sitting in the courts bask in the sun。Is opposite gate is a kitchen，“chef”Is outside prepared for today's ingredients。The whole building，Only the first floor belongs to the nursing home，Upstairs, residential buildings。One eye can hope to end the corridor of appear some dark，An old man was standing among corridor，Figure appears to be alone and helpless。The room is divided into four men and single room。Four men in，The reporter sees four bed foot to foot against together，Set aside only a narrow corridor，The old man's things scattered to pieces in the bed。Single room is not large also，Put a piece of single bed，Basic no activity space。

　　记者了解到，目前这家养老院还有两张男床，女床已经住满了，如果排号也不知要等多久。据民政局网站介绍，该养老院“能通过专业的技能、护理水准为半自理和不能自理的老人提供养老、护理、康复、医疗等服务项目。”但实际上，由于缺少专业护理人员，这里目前只接收全自理老人。

The reporter understands，At present the nursing home had two male bed，Female bed has been occupied，If PaiHao also don't know how long it takes。According to civil affairs bureau web site，The nursing home“Can through professional skills、Nursing care for half a level of old man cannot provide provide endowment、nursing、rehabilitation、Medical services。”But in fact，Due to the lack of professional nursing staff，Here now receive only care all the old man。

　　记者在走访中发现，类似情况在多家街道养老院中有所体现。床位少、空间小、位置偏、护理缺，几乎成了共性。因为入住老人少，所以收入少，资金不充裕，很难再有钱去改善环境。再加上宣传力度不够，街道养老院陷入了恶性循环。

The reporter found in visit，Similar situation in several streets embodied in the nursing home。Bed less、Space is little、Position partial、Nursing lack of，Almost became a common。Because in the old man little，So income less，Capital not abundant，It is difficult to have money to improve the environment again。Plus publicity，The street into a nursing home vicious cycle。

　　乡镇政府设立的养老机构同样面临这个问题。虽然收费较低，但位置偏远，主要分布在远郊区县，周边配套生活医疗服务设施缺乏，导致了养老品质大打折扣，让很多人不愿意选择。

The township government set up the endowment institutions also face the problem。Although charges are low，But position remote，The main distribution in counties，Peripheral life lack of medical service facilities，Led to the endowment quality problems，Make a lot of people don't want to choose。