老龄化社会如何防治“老年病”？ How to prevent the aging society“gien”？

　　2015年我国老年人口将达2.16亿，与此同时，我国却面临着老年医疗保健服务需求快速增长与老年医疗资源短缺的双重挑战。请关注——老龄化社会如何防治“老年病”？

In 2015, the old people in China will reach to 216 million，At the same time，Our country is facing medicare service needs rapid growth and old medical resources shortage of dual challenges。Please attention-an aging society how to prevent and control“gien”？

　　“近10多年来，我国老年人口患病率不但没有减少，仅在近5年又增加了18%，这说明在老年人口不断增长的阶段，老年人口健康状况并没有得到改善。”近日，在由中国老年学学会老年医学委员会和全军保健医学专业委员会共同主办的“2012中国老年健康论坛”上，与会专家显露出对中国老年人健康现状的担忧。

“Nearly 10 years，The old people in China not only reduce the morbidity，Only in nearly five years and a 18% increase，It shows that in the older population growing stage，Elderly population health condition and no better。”recently，By China in gerontology learn to elderly committee and all health care medicine professional committee of jointly organized“2012 the Chinese older health BBS”on，The experts to show the Chinese elderly health worries about the present situation。

老年医疗保健需求凸显 Older medical care needs highlight

　　目前，人口老龄化已成为我国重要的国情，我国正面临着人口快速老龄化与高龄化、失能化、空巢化相交织的严峻形势。

At present，An aging population has become China's important national conditions，Our country is facing the rapid population aging and squared、Disability of、The empty nest in the serious situation of the intertwined。

　　然而面对老龄化社会，我们并没有做好准备。国家卫生部原副部长曹荣桂认为，目前突出表现为4个不适应：一是养老保障机制与养老负担、社会总体负担的剧增不适应；二是医疗卫生保障体系与老年群体医疗保健需求不适应；三是养老护理机构建设与失能老人、病残老人的长期护理需求不适应；四是社区服务网络与居家养老的服务需求不适应。

But in an aging society，We are not ready。The former vice minister of ministry of CaoRongGui think，At present outstanding performance for four not used to it：One is the old-age security mechanism and the endowment burden、The whole social burden to increase；2 it is medical and health security system and the old people health care needs not used to it；Three is endowment care construction and loss to the old man、The sick old man can't adapt to the demand for long-term care；Four is community service network and the family endowment to service needs。

　　“总体看来，在老年医疗服务领域里，供需双方都处于弱势状态，现实状况是：在社区卫生服务中心，医生不会看老年病，就诊患者寥寥无几；到三甲医院也看不好老年病，患者不满意。在老年医学领域，面临着老年医疗保健服务需求的快速增长与老年医疗资源短缺的双重挑战。”曹荣桂说。

“overall，In old medical service in the field，Both the supply and the demand in weak state，Realistic situation is：In the community health service center，The doctor will not see gien，Clinic patients treated very few；To 3 armour hospital also see gien bad，Patients do not satisfied with。In old medical field，Faced with old medical and health care service demand of the rapid growth of the medical shortage and old double challenges。”CaoRongGui said。

　　“据有关部门提供的资料，目前，我国老年人就诊率和住院率高于其他年龄组近2倍，全国现有各类老年医院94所，综合医院设老年病科(含干部保健科)也只有5000个左右，展开的医疗床位与实际需求相差甚远。”解放军总后卫生部原部长张立平认为，在人口老龄化社会，人们健康所面临的衰老与老年病两大突出问题，催生着老年医疗保健、长期照护需求日益凸显。

“According to relevant departments to provide information，At present，Old people in our country JiuZhenLv and hospitalization rate is higher than any other age group nearly 2 times，The existing each kind of old hospital 94，General hospital gien a branch(Cadres, including health care)Only 5000 or so，On the bed with the actual demand medical far。”The PLA logistic department, former minister ZhangLiPing think，In the population aging society，People health faced ageing and two big gien outstanding problems，Gave birth to the old medical care、Long-term care needs increasingly prominent。

健全医疗保健和服务体系 Sound health care and service system

　　张立平表示，我国虽经历了几十年老年医学的不断发展，但老年医疗服务体系不健全、老年医疗机构(包括护理、康复)建设与发展步伐仍明显滞后，老年医学人才数、质量与整体素质都与实际需要有较大差距。导致这一现状的其中一个重要原因，就是对老年病本质与特征缺乏全面的认同，往往把老年病简单地看作是老年人所患的病，或者看作是其他临床学科的叠加，而没有把老年医疗机构作为一门独立学科体系去建设发展。

ZhangLiPing said，Although our country after decades old the continuous development of medical science，But old medical service system is not sound、Elderly medical institutions(Including nursing、rehabilitation)Construction and development pace is still obvious lag，Several elderly medical talents、Quality and the overall quality and actual needs all gap。Lead to this current situation of one of the important reasons，Is gien to essence and characteristics of a lack of comprehensive identity，Often simply as the old gien suffer from disease，Or as other clinical science of superposition，Not the medicare agency as an independent discipline system to construction and development。

　　“老年患病与医疗的特征，好发为多系统、多器官发生病变，往往多种疾病并存，病情复杂、隐匿、多变，治疗具有疗程长、预后差的问题，因此，医疗服务是持续过程，并需要科技含量高、使用效益好的新技术。”张立平认为，目前我国老年医疗机构的数量、学科结构、专业人员、服务体系及服务能力等还远远满足不了老年人口不断增长的多元需求。“要像国家对待儿科、康复医学那样，把老年医疗机构建设提到重要位置，出台老年人医疗机构建设与发展总体规划及相应的有关政策、投入、制度、法规等对策，老年人口的健康才会有保障。”张立平建议。

“Older sick and medical characteristics，Good hair which is system、Many organs disease，Many diseases often coexist，Is difficult to、hidden、changeful，Treatment has long period of treatment、The problem of poor prognosis，so，The medical service is a continuous process，And need high scientific and technological content、Use good benefit to new technology。”ZhangLiPing think，At present the country's aging the number of medical institutions、Subject structure、professionals、Service system and service ability is still far from can't satisfy the elderly population growing multiple needs。“As countries to treat pediatric、Rehabilitation medicine that，The old medical institution construction mentioned an important position，The old medical institutions on construction and development planning and the corresponding policies、into、system、Regulations countermeasures, such as the，Elderly population health can be guaranteed。”ZhangLiPing Suggestions。

　　张立平呼吁政府有关部门及全社会还应重视老年护理事业，改变“重医轻护”偏向，出台相应政策，加大对老年护理事业的扶持和老年护理人员培养支持力度，打造一个新型的现代化、多功能综合的长期护理队伍和机构。

ZhangLiPing calls for government departments and the entire social attention should also be paid elderly care business，change“Heavy medical light armor”Turn to，Publish corresponding policy，To increase the elderly care to the support of the business and elderly care personnel training support，Create a new type of modernization、Multi-functional comprehensive long-term care team and agencies。

“我们完全可以长命百岁” “We can be a long life”

　　“过去我们总是说‘人生七十古来稀’。但到了现在，九十不算老，百岁不算稀，八十进入老年期，七十还是小弟弟。”中国老年学学会老年医学委员会主任委员、中央保健办副主任、全军保健医学专业委员会主任、解放军总医院副院长范利在“老年健康论坛”上的一席话引起了满座老人一阵笑声。

“In the past we have always said‘Life in seventy briefly’。But now，Ninety is not old，Age is not rare，Eighty into old age，Seventy or little brother。”The Chinese older learn to learn old medical committee the chairman of the committee、The central BaoJianBan vice chairman、Army medical professional committee director of health care、The PLA general hospital in FanLi vice President“Elderly health BBS”The words were the cause the packed the old man a laugh。

　　“有学者提出，如果一个人既未患过疾病，又未遭到外源性因素的不良作用，则单纯性高龄老衰要到120岁才出现生理性死亡。现代科学研究认为，人的自然寿命至少应在百岁以上。然而，由于种种外部和自身原因，能过百岁的人毕竟少数。”范利说。为何这样？“最主要还是和目前的社会环境以及生活习惯有关。”

“Some scholars put forward，If one is not a disease，By external factors and not the adverse effects，The simple old failure-to age 120 to appear physiologic death。The modern scientific research think，The natural life should be at least years old and above。however，Because of various external and their own reasons，Can people over minority after all。”FanLi said。Why such？“The main and the current social environment or and life habits。”

　　据介绍，2004年有一项研究按照“1.身心健康；2.耳不聋、眼不花、思维敏捷；3.生活能自理”三条标准在全国百岁老人中进行筛选，虽然其居住环境、家庭出身、工作性质、以及文化程度均有不同，但其长寿的经验却均具有以下的共性： 豁达大度，乐观开朗；荤素结合，粗细搭配；生活起居规律；适当运动；爱清洁、讲卫生、很少服药。

According to introducing，In 2004, according to a study“1. The physical and mental health；2. Deaf ears、Eye not to spend、Quick thinking；3. Life can provide for oneself”Article 3 the national standard in years old in screening，Although the living environment、Family background、Nature of work、As well as the cultural degree are different，But its long life experience but are has the following similar： Open-minded magnanimous，Optimistic and cheerful；Hun vegetable with，Collocation thick；Daily living law；Proper motion；Love clean、Speak hygiene、Medicine rarely。

　　范利认为，目前我国老年医疗资源短缺、老年保健和照护体系还不完善，加上我国目前“4+2+1”的家庭模式，完全靠子女照顾老人不是很现实。因而，在现有的条件下，老年保健更多的是靠“自理”。尽可能为老年人普及一些健康保健知识，让老年人懂得自我保护和保健。(记者 蒋秀娟)

FanLi think，At present the country's aging medical resources shortage、Old age health care and care system is not perfect，Plus our country at present the“4 + 2 + 1”Family model，Entirely on their children to take care of the old man is not very realistic。so，In the current conditions，Aged care more is to rely on“self-care”。As far as possible some popularity for old people health care knowledge，Let the old know self protection and health care。(Reporter JiangXiuJuan)