北京青年压力管理服务中心主任熊汉忠：要想很好地应对焦虑和压力，我建议年轻人为自己建立一个比较稳固的朋友圈。只有获得了自己有归属感的圈子中的人的支持和安慰，才不至于被各种压力和焦虑击垮。而且年轻人还应该多运动。身心是一体的，身体健康有利于心理健康，运动不仅能促进新陈代谢，还能让情绪得到适当宣泄，缓解压力和焦虑。

Beijing youth stress management service center director XiongHanZhong：To be coped with anxiety and stress，I suggest young people to build a relatively stable circle of friends。Only got himself a sense of belonging circles of people support and comfort，Will not be all kinds of stress and anxiety away。And young people should exercise more。Body and mind are one，Health to mental health，Sports can not only promote the metabolism，Still can make a mood properly vent，To relieve stress and anxiety。

　　近年来，年轻人的精神心理健康问题备受社会关注。《2010-2011年度大学生心理健康调查报告》显示，九成多大学生有过心理方面的困扰，85%的大学生表示自己从未进过心理咨询室。

In recent years，Young people's mental health problems have been social concern。《2010-2011 annual college students' psychological health survey report》shows，More than ninety percent of the students had psychological problems，85% of college students said they never went to counseling program。

　　“当下年轻人的心理健康状况确实堪忧。”日前，北京青年压力管理服务中心主任熊汉忠，在接受中国青年报记者采访时指出，大家对精神心理健康的重视程度远远不够，心理问题在青年人中有加重和扩大的趋势。

“Then the mental health status of the young people really care。”a，Beijing youth stress management service center director XiongHanZhong，In an interview with China youth daily reporter pointed out，All of the attention of mental health is far from enough，Psychological problems in young adults have increased and the tendency of expansion。

　　心理问题在青年人中有加重和扩大的趋势 Psychological problems in young adults have increased and the tendency of expansion

　　中国青年报：近期有调查指出，近八成年轻人有不同程度的抑郁倾向。您怎么看？

China youth daily：Recent research has said，Nearly eighty percent of young people tend to have different levels of depression。What do you see？

　　熊汉忠：我们应该理性看待这个数据。我们要区分“抑郁症”和“抑郁倾向”，它们完全不一样。抑郁症有严格的指标，其中一个最明显的指标是，情绪低落延续至少两个星期。而且，是否有抑郁症要经过量表的检测和专家判断后才能证实。我们平时遇到不开心的事，情绪低落很正常，这和专业上所指的抑郁症完全不是一回事。不过，这个数据一定程度上也反映出现在年轻人在心理健康方面存在一些问题，而且有这方面问题的年轻人的数量一直在增长。

XiongHanZhong：We should take a rational view the data。We have to distinguish between“depression”and“Depression tendency”，They are completely different。The depression have strict index，One of the most obvious index is，Depression continue at least two weeks。and，Whether there is a depression after testing and scale to experts to confirm judge。We usually meet many unhappy things，Depression is normal，This and professional depression completely referred to is not the same thing。but，This data to some extent also reflect appeared in the young man on the psychological health problems，And have the problem of the number of young people have been growing。

　　中国青年报：您感觉当下年轻人的心理健康总体状况如何？

China youth daily：You feel the young man's mental health overall status？

　　熊汉忠：非常堪忧！不管是心理疾病还是心理障碍或是抑郁倾向，在年轻人中都有扩大和加重的趋势。特别是抑郁症，从临床上来看，现在得抑郁症的人年龄越来越小。

XiongHanZhong：Very bullish！Whether mental illness or psychological disabilities or depression tendency，Among the young people have to expand and increase trend。Especially depression，See from clinical，Now have to the person of the depression age more and more little。

　　中国青年报：您觉得影响年轻人心理健康的因素主要有哪些？

China youth daily：You think influence the psychological health of young people are the major factors which？

　　熊汉忠：首先，自身因素肯定是根源，如果自身足够健康，抵抗压力和外界环境影响的能力足够强，问题自然就少了。其次，从社会大环境来看，过于功利化的社会风气是诱发年轻人心理健康问题的重要原因。最近一二十年，全社会的导向就是把经济搞上去，这一导向的核心就是钱。这样一来虽然社会发展了，国家硬件也强大了，但也带来了很大的副作用——大家一窝蜂地认为钱是最重要的，进而忽略了对自己精神方面的关照。

XiongHanZhong：first，Its own factors must be root，If their own healthy enough，Resist pressure and outside environment ability to influence strong enough，Problem is less。second，From the social environment and see，Too following the social atmosphere of mental health problems is induced young people the important reasons。The last one hundred and twenty years，The whole society is the direction of the economy make up，This guide is the core of the money。So although the society development，State the hardware is strong，But also brought a lot of side effects-people swarming to think that money is the most important，And then to ignore the spiritual care。

　　在家庭教育方面，由于受到整个社会功利化风气影响，家长对孩子的教育也越来越功利化——重视孩子的成绩远胜于孩子的快乐！许多家长为了攀比，强加给孩子许多不必要的压力，当他们承受不住时，心理健康问题自然就出现了。

In the family education，Due to the whole society utilitarian style influence，In your child's education is also more and more attention to children's performance utilitarian-than the child's happiness！Many parents to comparisons，On children many unnecessary stress，When they can't take，Mental health problems naturally appear。

　　中国青年报：如今，“焦虑”在年轻人中越来越流行，买房、买车、职场、婚姻甚至养老等，都成为年轻人焦虑的对象。您怎么看待这种焦虑泛滥的情况？

China youth daily：now，“anxiety”Young people in more and more popular，To buy a house、Buying a car、workplace、Marriage even endowment, etc，All of the anxiety of young people become objects。How do you think of this kind of the flood of anxiety？

　　熊汉忠：许多年轻人之所以焦虑，是因为在人生观、价值观、婚姻观、消费观方面存在误区。比如买房，难道别人买了房子我就要买吗？有能力就买，没有就缓一缓，没必要一步到位。每个人的情况不同，不能盲目地放在一起比较。在婚姻方面，现在许多年轻人的婚姻观很功利，太看重房子和车子，缺乏感情上的联系，因此，一旦遇到大的冲突，两个人的关系就容易出现裂痕。

XiongHanZhong：Many young people are worried，Because in the outlook on life、values、marriage、"There are pitfalls。Such as buying a house，Don't buy the house I others to buy？Have the ability to buy，Not just wait，Not necessary one pace reachs the designated position。Everyone's situation is different，Not blindly put together more。In marriage，Now many young people's views on marriage very utility，Too seriously houses and cars，Lack of emotional connection，so，Once the conflict there，Two personal relationship is prone to crack。

　　不管是身体的还是心理方面的疾病，80%都跟压力有关 Either physically or mental aspects of the disease，With about 80% pressure

　　中国青年报：从事青年压力方面的研究那么多年，您觉得压力对于年轻人心理健康的影响有多大？

China youth daily：Engaged in youth pressure research for so many years，You feel the pressure for the psychological health of young people how much impact？

　　熊汉忠：相关数据表明，不管是身体的还是心理方面的疾病，80%都跟压力有关。有的人甚至认为，一个人身上几乎所有问题都和压力有直接或间接关系。现在年轻人身上承担的压力很多，不同群体的年轻人所受到的压力也不一样。在职场上，现在人与人的关系越来越表面化、功利化，缺乏足够的情感连接，缺乏人际关系支撑的环境会让人备感压力。而对于学生来说，他们的压力主要来自就业和学业。关于上面这些压力，只要年轻人处理得稍有不慎，就可能导致心理问题。

XiongHanZhong：Related data show that，Either physically or mental aspects of the disease，With about 80% pressure。Some people even think，One person almost all of the questions and the pressure connected directly or indirectly。Now the young of the pressure for many，Different groups of young people by the pressure is not the same。workplace，Now the relationship between more and more apparent、following，The lack of enough emotional connection，Lack of interpersonal support environment can let a person feel the pressure。And for students，They mainly comes from the pressure of employment and education。About the above pressure，As long as the young man carelessly a bit to deal with，May cause psychological problems。

　　中国青年报：年轻人应该如何应对压力、焦虑等问题？

China youth daily：Young people should how to deal with the pressure、Anxiety and other problems？

　　熊汉忠：我们一直提倡“三步原则”：首先要深入认识自我，多听自己的声音，了解自己能做什么；其次，应了解自己想做什么，确定自己的目标并使之清晰化；最后，还应了解社会需要什么，让自己的能力、目标和社会的需求吻合。对于年轻人来说，不管遇到什么样的困难和压力，只要能耐心、冷静地按照这个原则思考，很多问题会迎刃而解。

XiongHanZhong：We've been advocating“Principle of three”：First to understanding of the self，To listen to your own voice，Know what you can do；second，Should know what they want to make，Set your goals and make to prioritize；finally，Should also understand social need??????，Let his own ability、Target and social needs coincide。As for the young，No matter what difficulties and pressure，As long as the patient can、According to this principle thinking calmly，Many of the problems will be readily solved。

　　要想很好地应对焦虑和压力，我建议年轻人为自己建立一个比较稳固的朋友圈。对于个体来讲，想要减轻压力与焦虑，社会支持不可或缺，只有获得了有归属感的圈子中的人的支持和安慰，才不至于被各种压力和焦虑击垮。

To be coped with anxiety and stress，I suggest young people to build a relatively stable circle of friends。Will tell to the individual，Want to reduce stress and anxiety，Social support indispensable，Only got a sense of belonging circles of people support and comfort，Will not be all kinds of stress and anxiety away。

　　而且，年轻人还应该多运动。身心是一体的，身体健康有利于心理健康，运动不仅能促进新陈代谢，还能让情绪得到适当宣泄，缓解压力和焦虑。

and，Young people should exercise more。Body and mind are one，Health to mental health，Sports can not only promote the metabolism，Still can make a mood properly vent，To relieve stress and anxiety。

　　当然，我们不可能与压力、焦虑绝缘。所以，年轻人要不断加强自我修炼，正确认识挫折和消极情绪。如今很多年轻人生活在比较优越的环境中，抵御挫折的能力较差，于是很多人都认为挫折及其带来的消极情绪都很负面。其实，挫折和消极情绪是有积极意义的，它也是一种信号——让人反观和发现自己的问题，并作出调整。

Of course，We can't and stress、Anxiety insulation。so，Young people want to strengthen the self cultivation，A correct understanding of setbacks and negative emotions。Now many young people living in more superior environment，Resist the frustration of ability is bad，So a lot of people think that frustration and its negative emotions are very negative。In fact，Frustration and negative emotions is a positive，It is also a kind of signal-make and found himself in the problem，And make adjustment。

　　对于消极情绪，我不提倡一直用宣泄的方式来解决。虽然宣泄比不宣泄好，但是千万不能把宣泄尤其是暴力宣泄演变成一种倾向、依赖和习惯。因为不论是语言暴力还是身体上的暴力甚至冷暴力，都不应被提倡，而且也一定存在比暴力更合适的化解压力与焦虑的方法。

For negative emotions，I don't advocate have been using the way out to solve。Although than not to give vent to vent，But never put the vent especially violent vent evolved into a tendency、Dependence and habits。Because both language violence or physical violence and even cold violence，Should be advocated，And also that there must be more appropriate than violence to avert the method of stress and anxiety。

　　现在社会对年轻人心理健康问题的重视程度远远不够 Now to the young social psychological health problems value degree is far from enough

　　中国青年报：我们国家的心理健康教育提了很多年，但成效好像一直不太显著。

China youth daily：Our country's psychological health education carry for many years，But the results as has not been very significant。

　　熊汉忠：的确如此。成效不显著的一个重要原因是，我们这些年的心理健康教育太过重视形式上、物质上的东西，忽视了软件建设。以学校心理健康为例，我们经常强调的是学校有没有这门课，有没有相关老师，有没有拿出一间屋子来做心理咨询室，有没有购买相关的仪器。正是因为我们的注意力都放在这些上面，以至于对配备的心理咨询老师是否专业、心理健康课程是否合理，心理健康咨询室的设备有没有真正用于解决学生实际问题等方面，都显得不太关注。

XiongHanZhong：indeed。No significant effect is one of the important factors contributing，We all these years of mental health education too much attention to form、Material things，Ignore the software construction。In the mental health as an example，We often emphasize that the school is there anyone in this class，Have related teacher，Ever took out a room to do counseling program，Have buy related instrument。It is for our attention was on the top，That is equipped with the mental consultation teacher whether professional、Mental health program is not reasonable，Mental health problem of the equipment is there a real used for solving the students' practical problems, etc，Appear not too concerned about。

　　国外有很多心理健康教育方面的经验值得我们借鉴。在美国，心理教育是全面化的，不仅只有心理健康专业的老师才能做这件事，所有老师都要学心理学，他们每两年还得参加一次心理健康教育与辅导方面的考试。如果每个老师都懂心理，即使他教的不是心理学，也可以把心理学方面的知识用到教育教学的过程里去。

Abroad have many mental health education experience is worth our using for reference。In the United States，The psychological education is the overall design，It is not only the mental health professional teacher can do it，All the teacher has to study psychology，They also have to take every two years a psychological health education and guidance of the exam。If every teacher understand psychological，Even if he taught not psychology，Also can use the psychology knowledge education teaching process。

　　另外，一些国家心理服务社区化的做法也值得推广。在这些国家，社区里几乎都配有相当规范的专业心理咨询人员，有问题随时可以向他们寻求帮助，非常及时有效。不少国家在心理咨询方面有公共保险，只要公众缴了保险，政府每年都会向公众提供固定次数的免费心理咨询服务。

In addition，Some countries in changing practice of psychological service also is worth promoting。In these countries，In the community with a standard almost all professional psychological counselling staff，Have a problem can always sought help from them，Very timely and effective。Many countries in the psychological consultation with the public insurance，As long as the public pay insurance，Every year the government provided to the public fixed number of free counseling service。

　　中国青年报：您觉得我们国家对年轻人的心理健康问题足够重视吗？

China youth daily：Do you think our country young people to the psychological health of the enough attention？

　　熊汉忠：远远不够。我给你举一个典型的例子，在美国，一个男孩和一个女孩谈恋爱，男孩因为去看心理医生而约会迟到，女孩会觉得这很正常，甚至还会拉近两个人的心理距离。而在中国，如果发生类似情况，女孩肯定会因男孩去看心理医生而提出分手。因为中国人在观念上对看心理医生这件事本来就存有偏见。

XiongHanZhong：Far from enough。I give you an example of a typical example，In the United States，A boy and a girl fall in love，The boy because go to see the psychological doctor and late for an appointment，The girl will think it's normal，Even close to two people of the psychological distance。But in China，If there is a similar situation，The girl will certainly for the boy to see the psychological doctor and break up。Because the Chinese in concept to see the psychological doctor it was prejudiced。

　　其次，对于年轻人的心理健康问题，我们的社会支持也远远不够。许多学校建立了心理咨询室，购买了心理咨询方面的设备，但基本像是“花瓶”一样，只管摆在那里，起的作用很小。而且除了学校之外，我们缺少能为青少年提供规范、系统的免费心理咨询服务的公益组织。

second，For young people with mental health problems，Our social support is far from enough。Many schools established a counseling program，Buy the psychological consultation aspects of the equipment，But the basic like“vase”as，Just put in there，The role of very small。In addition to the school besides，We can provide standard of teenagers、The system of free counseling services of public welfare organizations。

　　心理健康问题关乎青少年成长和国家未来发展。我建议，除了青少年要不断修炼外，国家和社会在这方面也该有所作为。国家应该真正重视起心理健康问题，不仅要支持心理专业人才的培养，还要支持能提供心理健康服务的公益组织的发展。最重要的是，国家应有计划，逐步将心理咨询作为一项基本的公共服务。另外，媒体在进行新闻报道时也应注意，不要渲染恶性的个案。比如，前不久某中学有一名女生跳楼，这本是个案，但媒体报道时贴上“女学生”、“失恋”、“裸体”等标签大肆渲染，像这样的报道就很不负责任，会给许多年轻人的心理造成负面影响。

Mental health problems for the future development of youth development and state。I suggest，In addition to the constant perfection teenagers，The state and society at this make a difference。Countries should really pay attention to the psychological health problems，Not only to support the psychological professional personnel training，Also support can provide mental health services of public welfare organization development。The most important is，Countries should have plans，Gradually will counseling as a basic public services。In addition，The news media should pay attention to，Don't render malignant cases。For example，Not long ago a middle school have a girl to jump off a building，This is the case，But when the media reports post“Female students”、“brokenhearted”、“naked”Labels such as highly publicized，As the report of very irresponsible，For many young people will the psychological adversely。

　　记者 向楠 实习生 郑思琦

The site of the ZhengSiQi interns