中西窝囊8月1日电 卫生部今日在其官方网站发布《婴幼儿喂养有关问答》。文章指出，在婴儿出生的头一个小时里就开始母乳喂养，不使用奶瓶或安慰奶嘴。

Chinese and western timid August 1, health ministry in its official website released today《Infant feeding the questions and answers》。The paper points out that，The babies were born in the first hour began to breastfeeding，Do not use bottle or comfort the nipple。

　　具体如下：

Specific as follows：

　　

1.怎样进行母乳喂养有利于婴儿的健康？ 1. How breast-feeding benefits the baby's health？

　　答：世卫组织建议，在婴儿最初6个月内给予纯母乳喂养。6个月至2岁或更长时间内，在继续母乳喂养的同时，要补充其他的食物。有一些措施帮助母乳喂养顺利进行：

a：The world health organization recommends，In the first six months of the baby to pure breastfeeding。6 months to 2 years or longer time，Continue to breastfeeding at the same time，To supplement other food。There are some measures to help the breastfeeding smoothly：

　　在婴儿出生的头一个小时里就开始母乳喂养；

The babies were born in the first hour began to breastfeeding；

　　“根据需要”进行母乳喂养(按需哺乳)，也就是不管白天或是晚上，婴儿一旦有需要就要进行喂养；

“According to the need”Breast milk for(On-demand lactation)，Also is no matter or night during the day，The baby to be performed when needed to feed；

　　不使用奶瓶或安慰奶嘴。

Do not use bottle or comfort the nipple。

　　

2.母乳喂养对婴儿健康有什么益处？ 2. To breastfeeding baby what is the profit？

　　答：母乳是新生儿及婴儿最理想的食物。母乳可提供婴儿健康发育所需的所有营养，帮助建立亲密的亲子关系，降低儿童肥胖和一些成年期慢性病。

a：Milk is the most ideal newborns and baby food。Breast milk can provide baby health and development all the necessary nutrition，To help establish close between parents，Reduce childhood obesity and some adulthood chronic diseases。

　　母乳是安全的，并含有可帮助婴儿抵抗婴幼儿常见病的抗体，预防腹泻病和肺炎等感染性疾病。

Milk is safe，And contains can help baby resistance of common infant antibody，Preventing diarrhea and pneumonia and infectious diseases。

　　而且，母乳喂养及时方便、成本低。

and，Breastfeeding timely convenient、Low cost。

　　

3.母乳喂养对母亲有什么益处？ 3. To breastfeeding mother what is the profit？

　　答：母乳喂养也使母亲受益。纯母乳喂养产生自然(尽管不是绝对安全的)避孕效果(生产后的头六个月内具有98%的保护作用)，降低患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险，并有助于妇女更快恢复到孕前体重，降低肥胖发生。

a：Breastfeeding mother's benefit。Pure breastfeeding to produce natural(Although not absolutely safe)Contraceptive effect(Production of the first six months after 98% with of protection)，Reduce the risk of breast cancer and the risk of ovarian cancer，And help heal more quickly to pregnant women weight，Reduce obesity happen。

　　

4.母乳喂养对儿童带来哪些长期的益处？ 4. The breastfeeding children to bring which long-term benefits？

　　答：除了以上提及的直接益处之外，母乳喂养有益于儿童的终身健康。婴幼儿时期母乳喂养儿童，在成年之后往往血压及胆固醇水平较低，超重、肥胖及2型糖尿病发生率较低。有证据显示，获得母乳喂养的人群其智力测试的成绩会更好。

a：In addition to the above mentioned directly outside the benefits，Breastfeeding for children's lifelong health。Infant period breastfeeding children，In adulthood often blood pressure and cholesterol level is low，overweight、Obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence is low。There is evidence that，Get the breastfeeding crowd the intelligence test scores will be better。

　　

5.为什么不用婴儿配方粉？ 5. Why not use baby formula powder？

　　答：婴儿配方粉不含母乳中存在的抗体。如果婴儿配方粉的制备不当，就会因使用了不安全的水和未经消毒的设备或者由于粉状配方粉可能存在的细菌而具有一定危险。为增加配方粉使用时间而过度稀释，可导致营养不良。此外，经常性母乳喂养可保持母乳的持续时间。但使用配方粉而又缺乏供应时，要返回到母乳喂养方式则可能不太可行，因为母乳产出量减少了。

a：Baby formula powder in breast milk contains no existing antibodies。If the baby formula powder preparation of improper，They would have used a safe water and unsterile equipment or because powder formula powder possible existence of bacteria and has a risk。To increase the formula powder use time and excessive diluted，Can lead to malnutrition。In addition，Regular breastfeeding can keep the duration of breastfeeding。But use formula powder and lack of supplies，Back to the breastfeeding may not feasible way，Because breast milk output decreased。

　　

6.艾滋病毒感染的母亲能否进行母乳喂养？ 6. The AIDS virus infection mother can breastfed？

　　答：受到艾滋病毒感染的母亲可在孕期、生产时以及通过母乳喂养使婴儿获得感染。对母亲或者对受到艾滋病毒暴露的婴儿实施抗逆转录病毒药物干预，可降低通过母乳喂养传播艾滋病毒的风险。母乳喂养和抗逆转录病毒药物干预加在一起，可在保持婴儿不被感染艾滋病毒的同时，大大提高其生存机会。世卫组织建议，当受到艾滋病毒感染的母亲进行母乳喂养时，应当接受抗逆转录病毒药物治疗，并且遵循世卫组织在母乳喂养和补充喂养方面的指导意见。

a：The AIDS virus infection by the mother during pregnancy can be、Production and through breastfeeding baby to get infected。To mother or by the AIDS virus exposure to the infants anti-retroviral drugs intervention，Through breastfeeding can reduce the risk of HIV transmission。Breastfeeding and antiretroviral drug intervention added together，Can keep in babies are infected with the AIDS virus at the same time，Greatly improve its survival。The world health organization recommends，When was the mother of HIV infection breast-feeding，Should receive antiretroviral drugs，And follow the world health organization on breastfeeding and supplement of feeding guidance。

　　

7.《国际母乳代用品销售守则》的主要内容是什么？ 7.《The international sales code breastmilk substitutes》The main contents of the??? What??？

　　答：1981年世界卫生大会通过了《国际母乳代用品销售守则》。该守则要求：

a：In 1981 the world health assembly passed《The international sales code breastmilk substitutes》。This code requirements：

　　所有配方粉的标签和信息都要标明母乳喂养的好处以及使用代用品的健康风险；

All the tags and powder formula information they marked the breastfeeding and use the benefits of the health risks of substitute；

　　不得促销母乳代用品；

Not promotion breastmilk substitutes；

　　不给孕妇、母亲及其家庭提供免费的代用品的样品；

Don't give pregnant women、Mother and their family provide free substitute samples；

　　不向卫生工作者或卫生机构分发免费或补贴性代用品。

Not to the health workers or giving out free or subsidized health agencies substitute for sex。

　　

8.为什么需要帮助和支持母乳喂养的母亲？ 8. Why need help and support the breastfeeding mother？

　　答：母乳喂养需要学习，许多妇女在喂养之初遇到很多困难。乳头疼痛，担心母乳不足维持婴儿的需要等。这都是很常见的。支持母乳喂养的卫生机构，可由经过培训的母乳喂养咨询员向初为人母的产妇提供咨询，来提高母乳喂养率。为了向母亲及新生儿提供支持并改进关怀程度，在世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会联合行动支持下，目前在152个国家建立了超过两万所“爱婴医院”。

a：Breastfeeding need to learn，Many women in the beginning of feeding met with many difficulties。Sore nipples，Worry about the need to maintain the baby insufficient breast milk, etc。This is all very common。Support the breastfeeding health agency，But by trained breastfeeding consultant at the beginning of the new mothers to provide consultation，To improve the mother's milk feeding rate。In order to provide support to the mother and babies and improve degree of care，The world health organization and the United Nations children's fund support joint action，At present in 152 countries established more than twenty thousand“Love child hospital”。

　　

9.如何帮助职业妇女进行母乳喂养？ 9. How to help working women by breastfeeding？

　　答：由于没有进行母乳喂养、挤奶和存放母奶的充分条件(时间或地点)，许多母亲在回到工作岗位后就完全或者部分放弃了母乳喂养。母亲们需要在工作地点或者近处有一个安全、清洁并且私密的地方继续进行母乳喂养。能够带来帮助的就是在工作上创造有利条件，比如带薪产假、兼职工作、育儿室、用以进行挤奶和存放母奶的设施以及哺乳时间。

a：Since there is no breastfed、Milk and milk for the sufficient conditions(Time or place)，Many mothers in to go back to work after the wholly or partially abandoned breastfeeding。Mothers in the work place, or need to close a security、Clean and private place to continue breastfeeding。Can bring help is at work to create favorable conditions，Such as paid maternity leave、Part-time work、nursery、Milk and milk to store the facilities and lactation time。

　　

10.6个月之后，如何继续母乳喂养，并逐步添加新食品？ 10.6 months later，How to continue breastfeeding，And gradually add new food？

　　答：为满足6个月婴儿日益增长的需求，在对他们继续母乳喂养时应添加辅食。对婴儿的辅食可专门准备，也可从家庭饮食中调制。世卫组织提示：

a：6 months to meet the growing needs of babies，They continue to breast-feeding cow shall be added。In infants can be specially prepared to assist food，Also can from family diet modulation。The world health organization hints：

　　在开始添加辅食时，不应停止母乳喂养；

In addition to assist food began，Should not stop breastfeeding；

　　应使用汤匙或杯子而不是瓶子来给婴儿喂辅食；

Should use a spoon or a cup and not the bottle to feed the baby to assist food；

　　辅食应该是清洁、安全并可从当地获得的；

To assist food should be clean、Security and can be obtained from the local；

　　幼儿学会吃固体食物需要有足够的时间。

Young children learn to eat solid food need to have plenty of time。