昨天（1日），被称为“史上最严限抗令”的《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)开始实施，以安全性、有效性、细菌耐药情况和价格因素4个方面为基本原则,该文件将抗菌药物分为非限制使用、限制使用与特殊使用三级管理。其中明确规定了不同等级医生的开药权限。严重违规使用抗菌药物的医生将被吊销执业证书。

yesterday（1 day），called“In the history of strict limit order”of《Measures for the administration of antimicrobial drugs for clinical use》(Hereinafter referred to as《way》)Began to carry out the，With security、effectiveness、Bacterial drug resistance and price factor four aspects as the basic principle,The file will be divided into the limiting the use of antibacterial drugs、Limiting the use of and special use level 3 management。Which specified by the different levels of doctors to prescribe medicine permissions。Serious illegal use antimicrobial drugs doctors practicing certificate will be revoked。

　　□规定发布

/ regulations issued

　　医师开药资格将受限

Physicians to prescribe medicine qualification will be limited

　　根据《办法》规定，医生必须根据患者的症状、体征以及血常规、尿常规等实验结果，初步判定是细菌性的感染，才能够使用抗菌性的药物，而缺乏细菌感染的证据以及病毒性感染的病人就不能够使用抗菌性药物。

According to《way》provisions，The doctor must according to the patient's symptoms、Signs and routine blood、Routine urine and experimental results，Preliminary judgement is the bacterial infection，Before it can be used antimicrobial sex drugs，And the lack of bacterial infections and viral infection of the patients evidence is not able to use antibacterial sex drugs。

　　资料显示，我国抗生素人均年销售量达到了138克，是美国的10倍。住院患者中，抗生素使用率达到70%，抗生素滥用情况在我国极为严重。

Data shows，Our country antibiotics in per capita reached 138 g sales，Is America's 10 times。In hospitalized patients with，Antibiotic use to 70%，Antibiotics abuse in our country is very serious。

　　《办法》将抗菌药物的使用分为三级:非限制使用级、限制使用级与特殊使用级。其中明确规定,特殊使用级抗菌药物不得在门诊使用。这意味着,具有明显或者严重不良反应,不宜随意使用的抗菌药物；需要严格控制使用,避免细菌过快产生耐药的抗菌药物；疗效、安全性方面的临床资料较少的抗菌药物；价格昂贵的抗菌药物将不能列入门诊处方。

《way》The use of antibacterial drugs will be divided into 3: the limiting the use of class、Limiting the use of class and special use level。One specific provision,Special use antimicrobial drugs in outpatient service level shall not be used。This means that,Has the obvious or serious adverse reactions,Should not be free to use antibacterial drugs；Need to strictly control the use,Avoid too bacteria produce resistance of antibiotic drugs；Curative effect、The safety of the clinical data of less antimicrobial drugs；Expensive antiviral drugs will not be included in the outpatient service prescription。

　　同时，医师的开药资格也被严格限制，医生的等级和开药权限将一一对应。按照规定,非限制使用级的抗菌药物,所有医师都有资格开具；限制使用级抗菌药物处方,则只有中级以上职称的医师可开具；特殊使用级抗菌药物不得在门诊使用,临床上若要应用需经过专家会诊同意,由具有高级职称的医师开具。

At the same time，The doctors to prescribe medicine qualification is strictly limited，The doctor's level and to prescribe medicine limits would exactly corresponding。According to the regulation,The level limit the use of antibacterial drugs,All the doctors has the qualification to issue；Limiting the use of antimicrobial prescription level,Is the intermediate above title of doctors will open；Special use antimicrobial drugs in outpatient service level shall not be used,If the clinical application needs to pass a specialists agree,By with a senior professional title of the doctor opens。

　　按照《办法》规定，如果医疗机构违规使用抗菌药物,卫生行政部门可根据情节轻重处以三万元以下罚款。违规情形包括:无处方权或者被取消处方权的医师开具抗菌药物处方；非药学部门从事抗菌药物购销、调剂；将抗菌药物购销、临床应用情况与个人或者科室经济利益挂钩等。医师违规使用抗菌药物将被取消6个月到一年的处方权,情节严重者将被暂停职业活动,甚至吊销执业证书。

According to《way》provisions，If medical institutions illegal use of antimicrobial agents,The public health administrative department according to the seriousness of the case can be fined thirty thousand yuan shall be imposed。Illegal cases including: no ChuFangQuan or be cancelled ChuFangQuan doctor opens the antimicrobial prescription；The pharmacy department antimicrobial engaged in marketing、adjust；Will antibacterial drugs procurement、Clinical application and personal or department economic interests hook。Doctors use illegal antimicrobial will be cancelled six months to a year of ChuFangQuan,In a serious case will be suspended the professional activities,Even revoke a practice certificate。

　　□本市落点

-this city placement

　　将严查专科医院抗生素用药

Will attracted specialized subject hospital antibiotic drugs

　　记者从北京市卫生局获悉，目前，本市已启动新一轮抗菌药物专项整治活动。在盯紧大医院的同时，将重点加强对二级医院滥用抗菌药行为的治理。

Reporters from the Beijing health bureau learned，At present，This city has to launch a new round of special regulation antimicrobial activity。Gaze at the big hospital in at the same time，The focus will be on to strengthen the behavior of the second class hospitals abuse antibiotic treatment。

　　此次整顿行动首次对急诊患者抗菌药物处方比例作出了规范。据介绍，三级医院中，急诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不得超过40%；I类切口手术患者预防使用抗菌药物比例不超过30%。

The first time the action of emergency patients prescribed antibacterial drugs made a standard scale。According to introducing，Level 3 hospital in，Emergency antimicrobial prescription proportion of patients should not exceed 40%；I kind of incision surgical patients prevent use antimicrobial agents proportion is not more than 30%。

　　市卫生局表示，口腔医院、肿瘤医院抗菌药物品种原则上不超过35种，精神病医院抗菌药物品种原则上不超过10种，妇产医院(含妇幼保健院)抗菌药物品种原则上不超过40种。相关负责人表示，为进一步保证患者的用药安全，对老年、精神、儿童等类别科室的抗菌药物检查和整顿将比其他科室更为严格。

City health bureau said，Oral cavity hospital、Tumor hospital antimicrobial agents, in principle, no more than 35 different varieties，Psychiatric hospital antimicrobial agents not more than 10 varieties in principle，Maternity hospital(Including maternity and child care centers)Antibacterial drugs, in principle, no more than 40 kinds of varieties。Officials say，To further ensure patients' medical security，For the elderly、spirit、Children category of department antimicrobial agents and rectify will check than other department more strict。

　　□记者探访

/ reporter visits

　　多家药店无处方可购此类药

Companies can buy this kind of medicine pharmacy everywhere

　　按规定，金霉素等10余种含有抗生素的眼药水，8月1日起凭医生处方才能购买。“新政”施行首日，但记者走访发现，本市多家药店内此类药品的销售仍不需要医生处方。

According to the regulations，More than 10 aureomycin containing antibiotic eye drops，August 1,, with a doctor's prescription to buy。“New Deal”First and，But the reporter found visit，This city is home to more than a pharmacy such drugs within the sales is still do not require a doctor's prescription。

　　在东城区同芝堂大药房，记者以眼内红肿发炎为由想购买眼药水，药房店员先向记者推荐了氧氟沙星滴眼液，后又推荐了金霉素眼药膏。当记者询问两者差别时，工作人员介绍，氧氟沙星滴眼液副作用较小，一般不会引起过敏，是目前市场上针对眼部发炎最主推的药品。对方表示该药属于处方药，需要医生处方才可购买，但当记者表示并无处方时，对方则表示亦可出售，但不能开具任何票据。而同属处方药的金霉素眼膏则既可无处方购买也可开票。

In the hall with cheese dongcheng district，Reporters to the eye redness and swelling inflammation by want to buy eye drops，The pharmacy clerk to recommend the first reporter received ofloxacin eye drops，And recommended aureomycin eye ointment。When a reporter asked both difference，Staff introduced，Received ofloxacin eye drops less side effects，General will not cause allergic reactions，The market is the most dominant eye inflammation in the drug。The other party said the drug belong to prescription drugs，Need a doctor's prescription to buy，But when reporters and without a prescription，The other party said it can be sold，But can't be any bill。And belong to prescription drug aureomycin them is have no prescription to buy also can make out an invoice。

　　在好得快大药房左家庄店，记者询问店员治疗扁桃体发炎的药，店员直接推荐了阿莫西林胶囊和另一种消炎药，没有要求出示医生处方。

On the fast large pharmacy Oriental Ming shop，The reporter asks the clerk treatment of the tonsils medicine，The clerk direct recommended amoxicillin capsule and another expectorant，Not required to produce a prescription。

　　□专家说法

-experts saying

　　近八成感冒治疗不需使用抗生素

Nearly eighty percent cold treatment need not use of antibiotics

　　北京知名三级医院专家表示，目前常见的抗菌药滥用现象，包括上呼吸道病毒感染时用抗菌药、病毒性肺炎时用抗菌药、病毒性腹泻时用抗菌药等。但实际上，导致感冒有两个方面的原因:细菌感染或病毒感染，而近八成感冒都是由病毒引起的，不需要使用抗生素治疗。

Beijing famous experts of the third class hospitals said，The most common antibiotic abuse phenomenon，Including the upper respiratory tract infection virus with antibiotic、When the viral pneumonia with antibiotic、Viral diarrhea in the antibiotic, etc。But in fact，Cause colds have two reasons: bacterial infection or virus infection，And nearly eighty percent cold are caused by viruses，Don't need to use antibiotic treatment。

　　“普通感冒只要支气管、肺部和咽喉没有感染，使用抗过敏药或者止热镇痛的药就能够痊愈”，专家表示，加强抗菌药物的管理，控制细菌的耐药性迫在眉睫，因为抗生素的使用是一把双刃剑，在杀死部分细菌的同时会产生耐药性，而现在细菌的耐药性越来越强，有效的药物越来越少，如再不采取行动，终将面临“无药可用”的窘境。(本报记者 李秋萌 实习生 王玲）

“The common cold as long as bronchial、Lung and throat were not infected，Use allergy medications or check the medicine can heat analgesia healing”，Experts say，To strengthen the management of antimicrobial agents，Control strains of bacteria is imminent，Because the use of antibiotics is a double-edged sword，Kill the bacteria in part will also produce resistance，And now strains of bacteria is more and more strong，Effective drug less and less，If does not take action，Will face“No medicine can be used”dilemma。(Our correspondent LiQiuMeng interns wang ling）