蚊香驱蚊，对人到底有没有害？ Mosquito-repellent incense drive midge，To exactly have harm？

　　虽然“三伏天”谢幕，但“秋老虎”仍然活跃，蚊子也在做最后的疯狂。蚊香作为驱蚊的常用手段一直被广泛使用，但有人质疑蚊香既然能熏死蚊子，那对人是不是也有害？请关注——蚊香驱蚊，对人到底有没有害？

although“Dog days”Curtain call，but“After summer”Still active，Mosquito also doing the final crazy。Mosquito-repellent incense as drive midge a common method has been widely used，But some question the mosquito-repellent incense since can smoked dead mosquitoes，The person is also harmful？Please concern - mosquito-repellent incense drive midge，To exactly have harm？

　　虽然进入秋季，但蚊子还在做最后的疯狂，蚊虫的叮咬给人们造成了很大的困扰。蚊香、驱蚊花露水等驱蚊产品已成为人们防蚊的“武器”。那么，这些产品在驱蚊作用的同时，会对人体产生怎样的影响，又该如何避免它可能产生的危害呢？

Although into autumn，But the mosquito still making the final crazy，The bite of mosquito to people caused a lot of trouble。Mosquito-repellent incense、Drive midge toilet water and drive midge products has become people the anti-mosquito“weapons”。so，These products in drive midge effect at the same time，To the human body will produce what kind of impact，And how to avoid it the harm？

小蚊子危害大 Small mosquito big harm

蚊香驱蚊有隐忧 Mosquito-repellent incense drive midge have worries

　　小小的蚊子被称为“吸血鬼”丝毫不为过，它不仅会吸取人的血液，令人痒痛难耐，还会传播疟疾、丝虫病、流行性乙型脑炎、登革热等多种疾病。

Small mosquito is called“vampire”A bit too，It will not only learn from the blood，An itch unbearable pain，Will also spread malaria、filariasis、Epidemic encephalitis b、Dengue fever and so on the many kinds of disease。

　　有资料显示，全世界每年疟疾患者高达3亿到5亿，死亡的人数高达150万到270万，其中5岁以下儿童达到100万。1980年到1986年，我国海南、广东、广西等省曾发生过两次登革热大流行，发病人数超过57万。流行性乙型脑炎是由蚊子传播的急性烈性传染病，治疗不及时，就可能致残甚至死亡。因此，防蚊成了人们在夏天里必做的一项功课。在日常生活中，盘式蚊香是常见的驱蚊产品。它经济实惠，使用方便，效果显著。点一盘蚊香来防止恼人的蚊子叮咬，的确不失为一种好办法。

The data shows，The world malaria patients each year as high as 300 million to 500 million，The number of death is as high as 1.5 million to 2.7 million，Children under the age of five to 1 million。From 1980 to 1986，China hainan、guangdong、Guangxi provinces have happened two dengue fever epidemic，The more than 570000。Epidemic encephalitis b is spread by mosquitoes acute spirited contagion，Treatment is not timely，May cause damage and even death。therefore，Anti-mosquito became people in summer will do a homework。In daily life，Disc mosquito-repellent incense is a common drive midge products。It is economical and practical，Easy to use，Effect is remarkable。Point a mosquito coil to prevent annoying mosquito bites，Indeed can yet be regarded as a kind of good way。

　　但是，近年来也出现了不少关于蚊香具有毒性、会危害人体健康的说法。生活中人们也有这样的经验：点燃蚊香后空气中会出现刺激性的气味，有呛人的感觉。每到夏天，也确实有不少人因为在室内点蚊香而出现咽喉不适等症状。

but，In recent years also appeared many about mosquito-repellent incense toxic、Can endanger human body health said。Life people also have such experience：After lighting mosquito-repellent incense in the air will appear excitant odour，A smoky feeling。Every arrive the summer，There are many people because in interior point mosquito-repellent incense and appear, guttural and unwell wait for a symptom。

蚊香有效成分属农药 Mosquito-repellent incense effective components of pesticide

燃烧后确有危害 After combustion does harm

　　笔者在几家大型超市进行了调查，发现货架上用于驱蚊的商品不少，种类也可谓是五花八门。除了盘式蚊香、电热蚊香等通过燃烧、加热等方式达到驱蚊效果的产品，还有各种驱蚊花露水、“蚊不叮”驱蚊液、宝宝金水等涂抹在皮肤上的液体产品。观察这些产品的外包装笔者发现，几乎所有产品都标有“农药正式登记证号”和“农药生产批准文件号”这两项内容。登录中国农药信息网，就可以通过产品批号查询到相关信息。

The author in several large supermarket to carry on the investigation，Find shelves used to drive midge commodity many，Species also it may be said is multifarious。In addition to disc mosquito-repellent incense、Electric mosquito-repellent incense, etc by burning、Heating, etc to drive midge effect products，There are various kinds of drive midge toilet water、“Mosquito does not bite”Drive midge liquid、The baby liquid gold and daub on the skin of liquid products。Looking at these product outer packing the author found，Almost all products are marked with“Pesticide formal registration number”and“Pesticide production approval document number”These two content。Login Chinese pesticide information network，Can through the product batch number query to the relevant information。

　　驱蚊产品中能够作用于蚊虫的成分属于农药，笔者就此咨询了从事农药化学研究的专家。

Drive midge product can effect on the composition of insect belong to pesticide，The author ask the engaged in pesticide chemical research of experts。

　　南开大学元素有机化学研究所范志金教授向笔者介绍，用于防控蚊的药剂有很多，不同结构的化学物质作用原理也有所不同。

Nankai university element institute of organic chemistry professor FanZhiJin to introduce the author，Used for prevention and control of mosquito agent has a lot of，The structure of the different chemical action principle is also different。

　　该研究所的李玉新副教授说，现在使用的蚊香以及其他驱蚊类产品中的有效成分，大多是除虫菊酯类广谱杀虫剂。除虫菊酯对昆虫具有强烈的触杀作用，有些品种兼具胃毒或神经毒剂。其作用标靶是昆虫神经的钠离子通道，通过扰乱昆虫神经的正常生理，使之兴奋、痉挛到麻痹甚至死亡。

The institute's LiYuXin associate professor said，Now use mosquito-repellent incense and other drive midge products the effective composition，Mostly pyrethroid broad spectrum pesticide。Pyrethrum ester on insect has strong tag action，Some varieties with stomach toxicity or nerve agent。Its function target are insects nerve of sodium ion channel，Through the disturb insects nerve normal physiology，Make excited、Spasm to paralysis and even death。

　　“菊酯类农药可以使蚊子被“击倒”，失去继续危害的能力，但药效过去后又会恢复攻击力，”范志金介绍说。除虫菊酯能对蚊虫产生如此强烈的作用，的确是驱蚊的“利器”。一般我们都会认为，一种物质既然能对动物起到毒杀作用，那么它对人体应该也会有一定负面影响。那么，这种除虫菊酯又会对人体有怎样的危害？

“Strain pesticide can make the mosquito was“down”，Lost the ability to continue to harm，But once the effect and will resume damage，”FanZhiJin said。Pyrethrin to produce the effect of mosquitoes so strongly，It is the drive midge“Edge tool”。Generally we will think，A substance that can play a role on animal poison，Then it to the human body should also have a certain negative impact。so，This kind of pyrethrum ester and how to human body harm？

　　范志金说，蚊香中的有效成分燃烧后不能完全变成水和二氧化碳，有可能有各种芳香烃对人体造成危害，主要危害人的神经系统、循环系统以及呼吸系统。同时，那些固体颗粒也是造成空气污染的重要原因。

FanZhiJin said，The effective ingredient after mosquito-repellent incense burning cannot completely into water and carbon dioxide，There are various aromatics may cause a harm to human body，The main harm people's nervous system、Circulation system and respiratory system。At the same time，The solid particles is also an important reason causing air pollution。

　　李玉新也提到，盘式蚊香点燃后会产生熏烟，空气中PM2.5太高，进入人体肺部，可能会引发哮喘等呼吸道疾病。

LiYuXin also mentioned，Disc mosquito-repellent incense, lit will produce smoke，The air PM2.5 is too high，Enter human body lung，May be a cause of asthma and respiratory diseases。

　　“另外，燃烧后的酒精，对皮肤比较敏感的婴幼儿会有刺激，对于怀有胎儿的孕妇也应慎用。”李玉新补充道。

“In addition，After burning alcohol，For skin is more sensitive babies and infants will have stimulus，To have the fetus of the pregnant women should also be careful with。”LiYuXin added。

小心使用减危害 Be careful to use reduce harm

物理防蚊更放心 Physical anti-mosquito more at ease

　　看来，盘式蚊香在燃烧后不可避免产生一些对人体有害的物质。范志金说，化学物质肯定有毒，但毒性的程度是可以控制的，联合国粮食及农业组织有严格的规定，各国政府也有规定，只要控制好剂量就没有问题。

It seems，Disc mosquito-repellent incense burning after inevitably produce some harmful to human body material。FanZhiJin said，Chemical material must be toxic，But the extent of the toxicity can be controlled，The United Nations food and agriculture organization have strict rules，Governments have rules，As long as the good control of dose do not have a problem。

　　范志金解释道，毒性是指对哺乳动物而言的，毒力是对我们要防控的靶标害虫而言的。那么，人们使用蚊香时如何把握这个“度”，应该注意些什么，在使蚊香充分发挥“毒力”的同时，尽量减少其“毒性”对人体健康的危害呢？

FanZhiJin explained，Toxicity refers to as mammals，Virulence for us to prevention and control for the target insect pests。so，People use mosquito-repellent incense how to grasp this“degree”，What should you pay attention to，In the mosquito-repellent incense give full play to“virulence”At the same time，Try to reduce the“toxicity”Damage to human body health?？

　　李玉新提醒到，在使用驱蚊产品之前务必先仔细阅读产品说明书，看清楚注意事项。笔者走访市场发现，在大型超市出售的蚊香产品，外包装上几乎都标注有“本品微毒”的字样，也写有诸如使用后洗手，放置在儿童无法接触的地方，勿与种子、饲料等一同放置等注意事项。

LiYuXin remind to，In the use of drive midge product before be sure to read the product specification，See clearly the matters needing attention。The author found that visit the market，In big supermarkets sell mosquito-repellent incense products，On the outer packing almost all dimension have“This product WeiDu”"，Also write have such as hand washing after use，Placed in out of reach of children，Don't and seed、With such as feed and placement of the matters needing attention。

　　另外笔者还发现，比起传统的盘式蚊香，市场上品牌和品种更多的是电热蚊香片和驱蚊液。李玉新建议，无论是使用盘式蚊香还是电热蚊香，都应保持室内通风。虽然产品中杀虫剂含量少，但大量燃烧后在一定空间内杀虫剂浓度也不低，日积月累的损伤是不容小觑的。如果家中有婴幼儿、孕妇、患有哮喘病的人以及老年人等特殊人群，最好使用蚊帐、纱窗等更加安全的物理防蚊方法。实习生 康楠

In addition the author also found，Compared to traditional disk mosquito-repellent incense，The market brand and more variety is electric mat and drive midge liquid。LiYuXin Suggestions，Whether to use disk mosquito-repellent incense or electric mosquito-repellent incense，Should maintain indoor ventilation。Although products with lower content of pesticides，But after a large number of combustion in a certain space in pesticide concentration is not low，Accumulate over a long period of damage is to be reckoned with。If the home have babies and infants、Pregnant women、Suffer from asthma and old special groups，It is best to use mosquito net、Such as screen window safer physical anti-mosquito method。Interns KangNan