近日，一则微博称：“江西一年收获两季水稻，但很多当地人只吃第二季大米，第一季似乎没人吃。这是为什么？由于怕耽误第二季，农民会使用各种方法包括化肥、农药对第一季揠秒（苗）助长。”

recently，A micro bo said：“Jiangxi a year two season rice harvest，But many locals eat only the second season rice，The first season no one seems to eat。This is why？Due to the fear of delay in the second quarter，Farmers use a variety of methods including chemical fertilizer、Pesticide on the first season Ya seconds（seedlings）facilitation。”

　　这条微博引起较大关注，不少网友将信将疑：早稻真的是化肥、农药催熟的吗？主产地农民吃不吃早稻？人民日报“求证”栏目记者走访了江西、湖南的农业主管部门、水稻专家和种植户。

This article micro bo cause greater attention，Not a few net friend suspicion：Rice is really fertilizer、Pesticide after-ripening？The leading farmers eat not to eat rice？People's Daily“verification”The reporter interviewed column in jiangxi province、Hunan agricultural departments、Rice experts and farmers。

　　疑问一：早稻是化肥农药催熟的吗？ Doubt a：Rice is chemical fertilizers pesticides after-ripening？

　　【调查】气候才能影响早稻早熟 【survey】Weather can affect rice early

　　“一派胡言！”8月23日，记者见到气愤不已的江西省粮油作物局局长刘宝林。“写微博的人缺乏基本的农业常识。” 刘宝林介绍，有效积温和光照决定水稻生长期，过度使用化肥反而会导致水稻“贪青晚熟”，延长其生长期。

“nonsense！”On August 23,，Reporters saw angry at the grain crop in jiangxi province secretary for LiuBaoLin。“Write micro bo people lack basic agricultural common sense。” LiuBaoLin introduced，Effective accumulated temperature and illumination decided to rice growth period，Excessive use of fertilizers, on the contrary, will lead to rice“TanQing late”，Extend its growth period。

　　听到关于早稻催熟的言论，湖南省水稻研究所副所长赵正洪研究员也连连摇头：“这是对早稻生长特点的不了解。”

Hear about rice after-ripening of speech，Rice in hunan province deputy director of the institute ZhaoZhengHong researchers also repeatedly shook his head：“This is the characteristics of rice growth do not understand。”

　　赵正洪介绍，早稻属于感温型品种，气候对其生长期影响较大。当有效积温达到一定数值，早稻就会进入性成熟阶段，开始幼穗分化，所以在早稻生长期内，如果气温较高，早稻就容易早熟。

ZhaoZhengHong introduced，Rice belong to temperature type varieties，The climate affected growth period。When effective accumulated temperature reaches a certain value，Rice will enter the sexual maturity stage，Began to young ear differentiation，So in early rice growth period，If air temperature is higher，It is easy to early rice。

　　至于化肥和农药的作用，赵正洪说，使用化肥主要是为了高产，并不能缩短早稻的生长期。相反，在早稻生长晚期如果过量使用化肥，可能致使早稻晚熟。而使用农药主要是为了稳产，不会影响到生长期。目前，还没有发现能够缩短水稻生长期的农药。

As for the effect of chemical fertilizers and pesticides，ZhaoZhengHong said，Use of fertilizers is mainly for high yield，And not shorten the growth period of rice。instead，In late rice growth if too much use of fertilizers，May cause early rice late。And the use of pesticide is mainly to stable production，Will not affect the growth period。At present，Haven't found can shorten the rice growing period of pesticides。

　　江西新建县联圩镇均洲村水稻种植大户胡德贵告诉记者，打农药、施化肥能“拔苗助长”还是头回听说。“化肥施过量了，不但缩短不了生长期，还会延长生长期；农药不是想打就打，要根据农情测报来打药。”

Jiangxi new county group that among the town are chau village rice planting a large HuDeGui told reporters，Play pesticide、Fertilizer can“Spoil things by excessive enthusiasm”Or head back to hear。“Fertilizer applied too much，Not only shorten the growth period，Will also extend the growth period；Pesticide not to dozen dozen，According to the NongQing telemetry to spray insecticide。”

　　胡德贵还介绍，早稻在清明节前撒播，也就是4月份之前完成，今年节气早，撒播碰上了好天气，比往年提前了约一个星期。

HuDeGui are also introduced，Early rice in the tomb-sweeping day before sowing，Also is completed before April，Earlier this year solar terms，Scatter to the fine weather，Than ever about a week in advance。

　　那么早稻农药检测指标情况怎么样呢？江西省农产品质量安全监管局局长邓贤贵拿着一份检测报告给记者看：“按照全国统一标准，去年江西抽查了3000份样品，早稻占1500个批次，农药检测等指标的合格率为100%。”

So early rice pesticide detection index situation？Jiangxi agricultural products quality and safety supervision bureau chief DengXianGui took a test report to reporters to see：“According to the national standard，Jiangxi selectived examination last year 3000 samples，Rice accounts for 1500 batches，Pesticide detection index of the percent of pass is 100%。”

　　新建县农业局粮油站站长闵印花说，最环保的大米其实是早稻，因为早稻生长期间温度低，病虫害发病率低，用药量很少。赵正洪也提到，湖南早稻一般集中使用一到两次农药，晚稻则在两次以上，所以早稻的农药残留一般要低于晚稻，但两者总体都是达标的。

New county grain bureau of agriculture to the station master wilhelminastraat printing said，Most environmental protection of rice is actually early rice，Because early rice growth period of low temperature，The low incidence of plant diseases and insect pests，Few milliseconds。ZhaoZhengHong also mentioned，Hunan rice general concentration using one or two times pesticide，The late rice in two or more times，So early rice of pesticide residues than general late rice，But both overall are the standard。

　　疑问二：当地农民不吃早稻？ Question 2：Local farmers do not eat rice？

　　【调查】早稻米质疏松，易于加工成米粉，当地人很爱吃 【survey】Rice rice loose，Easy to processing into rice noodles，The local people love to eat

　　外地人到江西吃饭，一定少不了米粉。炒米粉作为主食在江西也很常见。

Foreigner to eat in jiangxi province，Must not rice noodles。Fried rice noodles as a staple food in jiangxi is also very common。

　　“江西米粉原料80%是早稻米，掺了20%左右的晚稻。”江西省粮油作物局局长刘宝林说，“根本不存在第一季大米没人吃的现象。”

“Jiangxi rice vermicelli raw material is 80% early rice rice，Mixed with 20% of late rice。”Jiangxi province secretary for grain crop LiuBaoLin said，“Doesn't exist in the first quarter of rice didn't eat phenomenon。”

　　为何米粉以早稻米为主原料？江西省农业科学院水稻研究所所长陈大洲说：“早稻米是高温逼熟，米质疏松易于加工。”

Why rice to rice rice raw materials mainly？Jiangxi academy of agricultural sciences rice institute director ChenDaZhou said：“Rice rice is high temperature force cooked，Rice loose easy to processing。”

　　“目前，早稻主要作为国家储备粮和加工原料。”湖南省水稻研究所副所长赵正洪说，国家储备粮对稻谷含水量有要求，不能过高，而早稻成熟期一般是高温天气，易晒干；晚稻成熟期不太容易晒干，含水量达标相对困难。另外，早稻相对较低的销售价格，是其作为加工原料的重要原因。

“At present，The main rice as a national grain reserves and processing raw materials。”Rice in hunan province ZhaoZhengHong deputy director of the institute said，State grain reserves to the rice moisture content requirements，Too much，And early rice mature period is generally high temperatures，Easy dry；Late rice mature period is not too easy to dry in the sun，Moisture content the relative difficulty。In addition，Rice relatively low selling price，Is it as the important reason for the raw material processing。

　　关于口感问题，陈大洲说：“大多数人都认为中晚稻米口感上优于早稻米，不过早稻米出饭率高，更易饱，也有自己的市场。”

On the palate problem，ChenDaZhou said：“Most people think ZhongWanDao rice taste is better than that of early rice in rice，Don't early rice ChuFan rate is high，More full，Have their own market。”

　　赵正洪介绍，影响口感的主要是稻米的直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度（米饭在蒸煮过程中伸长的比例）和蛋白质含量。早稻的直链淀粉含量一般比晚稻高，胶稠度和糊化温度比晚稻低，这使早稻米煮熟后的口感较硬。

ZhaoZhengHong introduced，Influence of taste is mainly rice amylose content、Gelatinization temperature、Glue consistency（Rice in cooking process in the proportion of elongation）And protein content。The rice amylose content in general than late rice high，Gel consistency and gelatinization temperature lower than late rice，This makes rice cooked rice after a hard palate。

　　闵印花说，为改善早稻口感，该县普遍推广了口感较好的嘉育948号优质早稻常规品种，全县已有20万亩的种植面积。

Wilhelminastraat printing said，To improve the early rice taste，The promotion of the common taste good jia yu 948 high quality rice, conventional varieties，The county has 200000 mu of the area under cultivation。

　　湖南宁乡县稻丰种粮专业合作社理事长陈石罗告诉记者，通过改良品种，当地也种上了优质早稻，平均下来，每亩早稻也能赚200—300元。“农民自家早稻晚稻都会留，根本不存在只吃晚稻不吃早稻的情况。”

Ningxiang county hunan rice abundant grain professional cooperatives ChenShi chairman luo told reporters，By the improvement of varieties，The local also planted rice quality，Average down，RMB $rice also can earn 200-300 yuan。“Farmers will leave home early rice late rice，Doesn't exist only eat late rice don't eat rice situation。”

　　疑问三：早稻营养比晚稻低吗？ Question three：Rice nutrition than late rice low？

　　【调查】与晚稻比，早稻蛋白质含量略高、易消化，胃不好者可多吃 【survey】And late rice than，Rice protein content is high、Easy to digest，The stomach is bad, you may eat more

　　赵正洪说，从蛋白质的含量来看，早稻的蛋白质含量一般都要高于晚稻。不过，早、晚稻的蛋白质含量一般都不超过10%。所以，米饭并非补充蛋白质的主要渠道。总体上看，早、晚稻的营养差别并不大。

ZhaoZhengHong said，From the protein content to see，Rice protein content is generally higher than late rice。but，early、The late rice protein content are usually not more than 10%。so，Rice protein is not added the main channel。In general speaking，early、Late rice nutrition is not big difference。

　　赵正洪介绍，稻米中的淀粉分为直链淀粉和支链淀粉两种。直链淀粉含量高，则易消化，但米饭口感较硬；支链淀粉含量高，米饭口感柔软，但不易消化。南方籼米中，普通早稻的直链淀粉含量大约为25%，晚稻一般为15%—20%，北方粳米的含量大约为8%。这就是为什么晚稻口感要好于早稻，北方粳米的柔软度一般要好于南方籼米。

ZhaoZhengHong introduced，The rice starch is divided into amylose and amylopectin two。Amylose content high，Is easy to digest，But rice taste is hard；Amylopectin content high，Rice taste soft，But not easy to be digested。South in analyzing，Ordinary rice amylose content of about 25%，Late rice is generally 15% - 20%，The north japonica rice content is about 8%。This is why late rice taste better than the early rice，The north japonica rice's softness is better than general analyzing the south。

　　“糯米饭中直链淀粉的含量大约只有2%，所以糯米饭口感非常柔软，但不易于消化。如果胃不好，可以多吃一些易消化的早稻米。”赵正洪说。

“The glutinous rice amylose content only about 2%，So glutinous rice taste is very soft，But not easy to digest。If the stomach，Can eat some digestible rice rice。”ZhaoZhengHong said。

　　刘宝林介绍，早稻和晚稻主要成分都是淀粉、蛋白质，细微含量区别不足以影响营养成分。

LiuBaoLin introduced，Rice and late rice main ingredients are starch、protein，Subtle difference not affect the content of nutrition。

　　“单纯对比早晚稻的营养没有实际意义。”陈大洲认为，现代人摄入营养的渠道很多，主要靠肉蛋奶，大米已经不算是主渠道了。

“Simple contrast early late rice nutrition of no practical significance。”ChenDaZhou think，Modern nutrition intake channels of many，Depend mainly on meat egg milk，Rice has not be the main channel。

　　据国家统计局调查，2012年全国早稻播种面积5764.7千公顷，总产量为3329万吨，均比上年有所增加。其中，江西面积1389.5千公顷，总产量800.2万吨，湖南面积1424.7千公顷，总产量818.7万吨，两省的早稻播种面积和总产量接近全国一半。

According to the national bureau of statistics survey，In 2012 the rice planting area of 5.7647 million hectares，Total output for 33.29 million tons，More than the previous year are increased。the，Jiangxi area of 1.3895 million hectares，Total output 8.002 million tons，Hunan area of 1.4247 million hectares，Total output 8.187 million tons，The two provinces of the rice planting area and total output close to half the nation。