来自卫生部的调查数据显示，最常见的被滥用抗生素是用于输液的青霉素。中国平均每年每人要“挂8瓶水”，远远高于国际上2.5瓶-3.3瓶的水平，我国俨然已成“吊瓶大国”。一项来自中国安全注射联盟的统计数据显示，我国每年因不安全注射导致死亡的人数在39万以上，其中，每年约有20万人死于药物不良反应，保守估计，每年我国最少有10万人在输液后丧命。

From the ministry of health survey data show,The most common abuse antibiotic is used for infusion of penicillin.China's average per person per year to"Hang 8 a bottle of water",Far higher than international 2.5 bottle - 3.3 bottle level,Our country has already into"DiaoPing powers".A from China safe injection league statistical data display,Every year in China because of unsafe injection lead to death toll at 390000 or more,the,Each year about 200000 people died from accidental drug adverse reaction,Conservative estimate,In our country every year at least 100000 people killed after intravenous infusion.

　　遏制过度输液现象 Curb excessive infusion phenomenon

　　一般来说，有口服、打针、输液等至少三种方式治疗感冒发烧，在几种给药方式中，“打点滴最危险”。无论是输液前未做无菌化处理、输液过程中出现不良反应，还是输液时溶液稀浓、输液快慢不当，都可能给人体带来危害。轻则出现不良反应，重则危及生命。

Generally speaking,Have oral/injections/Infusion at least three ways to treat a cold have a fever,In some way to medicine,"Bit the most dangerous".Whether infusion prior to do WuJunHua processing/Infusion appeared in the process of adverse reactions,Or when the infusion solution diluted concentration/Infusion speed not,May to be brought to human body harm.Light have adverse reaction,Heavy then endanger life.

　　要扭转过度输液，最关键的是将有关医疗原则落实成制度。在基层医疗机构，减少输液的比率，甚至不允许这种用药方式，都是可以考虑的管理办法。

To reverse this excessive infusion,The key is to implement the relevant medical principles into system.In the basic medical institutions,To reduce the ratio of infusion,Don't even allow this kind of medicine mode,Is can consider management measures.

　　在一些发达国家，为什么感冒的病人不输液，只是选择吃点镇痛解热药和维生素C？因为他们的卫生部门出台有相关的医疗标准，医生们必须严格去执行统一的标准。在香港，感冒的病人到公立的医疗机构就诊，基本是不允许进行输液治疗的。

In some developed countries,Why cold patients do not infusion,Just choose to eat analgesic febrifuge and vitamin C?Because of their health department issued relevant medical standards,Doctors must be strictly to implement uniform standards.In Hong Kong,Catch a cold patient to the public medical institutions to see a doctor,Basic is not allowed in the transfusion treatment.

　　如果任由输液泛滥下去，将会埋下很多的医疗隐患，“超级细菌”的出现已经发出了警告。因此，应尽快遏制过度输液这种怪现象。

If let the infusion flood down,Will be buried a lot of medical hidden trouble,"Super bacteria"The emergence of the has issued a warning.therefore,As soon as possible should curb excess infusion this strange phenomenon.

　　普通感冒不用挂吊瓶 The common cold don't hang DiaoPing

　　生活中有这样一群人，患上了普通感冒，却非要让医生给他(她)输液不可，似乎以为只有这样才算真正意义的治疗。中华医学会江苏呼吸学会副主任委员、江苏省中医院呼吸科主任医师史锁芳提醒，普通感冒滥用输液治疗无疑是用大炮打蚊子，没有必要。

Life there is a group of people,Had the common cold,But don't want to let the doctor gave him(she)Infusion not,Seem to think that only in this way is the real meaning of treatment.The Chinese medical association, vice director of jiangsu respiratory society/Jiangsu province hospital of traditional Chinese medicine respiratory medicine chief physician ShiSuo aromatic remind,The common cold abuse is undoubtedly the transfusion treatment with cannon dozen mosquito,There is no need to.

　　专家介绍，感冒分为普通感冒和流行性感冒两种，普通感冒70%—80%由各种病毒如鼻病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等引起。而流行性感冒则表现为急性上呼吸道感染，由鼻腔、咽或者咽喉部急性炎症引发。在病毒感染后，体质较弱的人有时会继发细菌感染，症状有咽炎、扁桃体炎、气管炎和肺炎等。

Expert introduction,A cold is divided into the common cold and flu two,The common cold 70% - 80% by all sorts of virus such as nasal virus/adenovirus/Respiratory syncytial virus cause.But flu is behaved for acute upper respiratory tract infection,The nasal/Pharyngeal or throat caused by acute inflammation.After the virus infection,Physique weaker people sometimes secondary bacterial infection,Symptoms have pharyngitis/tonsillitis/Bronchitis and pneumonia, etc.

　　其实普通感冒即鼻塞、流鼻涕和打喷嚏，一般是不需要静脉输液的。对付普通的病毒性感冒发烧，最好的办法是多休息、大量喝水、吃些易消化的食物，口服解热镇痛药物，不抽烟，缓解感冒症状。若病人出现了咽炎、喉炎、气管炎等症状，且合并全身发热、血压升高时，建议给予适量口服抗菌药治疗，必要时医生可视情况为患者静脉输液。发烧也许会让人不自觉地紧张，专家解释道，感染性发热由各种病毒、支原体和细菌引发，由于病原体代谢产物和毒素作用于单核细胞-巨噬细胞系统，释放出热源导致人体发热。换句话说，发热也是机体对感染因子的一种全身性防卫反应。感冒后中度发热的病人，若其身体状况尚可，可以口服一点退热药，不用特意为此吊瓶。

The common cold is actually a stuffy nose/A runny nose and sneezing,Usually don't need of intravenous infusion.Deal with common viral cold have a fever,The best way is to rest more/Drink lots of water/Eat some digestible food,Oral antipyretic analgesic drugs,Don't smoke,Ease the symptoms of a cold.If the patient appeared pharyngitis/laryngitis/Tracheitis symptom such as,And merge the whole body heat/Raised blood pressure when,Suggest adequate oral antibacterial therapy,When necessary the doctor visual situation for patients with venous infusion.Fever may be let a person do not consciously nervous,The expert explained,Infectious fever by all sorts of virus/Mycoplasma and bacteria cause,Due to the pathogen metabolic product and toxin effect on mononuclear cell - macrophage system,Release the heat source cause human body heat.In other words,Fever is the body to infection factor of a kind of systemic defense reaction.Caught a cold and moderate fever patients,If the health fair,Can oral a febrifuge,Don't DiaoPing specially for this.

　　过度输液危害大 Excessive infusion hazard big

　　专家提醒，输液不是“万能药”，不可能“液到病除”。相反，过度输液还可能导致一些不良后果。

The expert reminds,Infusion is not"panacea",Can't"Liquid to disease in addition to".instead,Excessive infusion may also lead to some adverse consequences.

　　一、降低人体免疫力。在自然状态下，人体对周围环境的病菌具有较强的防御能力。如果大病小病都依赖输液，不仅会增强病菌的耐药性，还可能干扰人体的正常防御功能。久而久之，就会形成难以控制的恶性循环，降低人体自身的免疫能力。

a/Reduce the human body immunity.In the natural state,The human body the surrounding environment of bacteria has strong defense capability.If a serious illness ailment depend on the infusion,Will not only enhance the resistance bacteria,Also may interfere with normal body defense function.As time passes,It would form a vicious cycle of difficult to control,Reduce the body's own immune system.

　　二、损伤人体肝肾等器官。俗话说：“是药三分毒。”输入的药液进入人体后，大部分都要经过肝脏代谢，最终由肾脏排出体外，这会加重肝肾的负担。长期输液，就可能对肝肾等器官的功能造成损伤。如临床上较为常用的氨基糖甙类抗生素，除可能引起肾功能障碍外，还会对听力造成损害。

two/Damage human body organs such as kidney.As the saying goes:"Is medicine 3 minutes poison."Input liquid medicine enter the body,Most are through hepatic metabolism,Finally by nephritic eduction body outside,This will increase the burden of the kidney.Long-term transfusion,It may be the function of organs such as kidney damage.Such as clinically more commonly used aminoglycosides antibiotics,In addition to may cause renal disease outside,On hearing will also cause damage.

　　三、存在较大风险。既使输液前做了无菌化处理，溶液的浓度合理，速度得当，输液也依然存在难以预知的风险。如身体虚弱者、心脏功能欠佳者，都对身体“容量”的变化十分敏感，即使只输入普通生理盐水，也会加重心脏负担，引起严重的不良反应。专家提醒，静脉输液发生不良反应的比例，在所有药物剂型中“高居榜首”，是最不安全的给药方式。

three/There exists high risk.Even before transfusion WuJunHua processing,The concentration of the solution is reasonable,Velocity proper,Infusion also remains difficult to predict risk.Such as weak/People with poor heart function,Have to the body"capacity"Change is very sensitive,Even if only input common physiological saline,Also burden of can aggravating heart,Cause serious adverse reactions.The expert reminds,Intravenous infusion happen the proportion of adverse reactions,In all drug dosage form in"Ranked highest",Is the most unsafe to medicine way.

　　四、导致人体菌群失调。人体的体表及体内寄存着许多细菌，正常情况下保持菌群间的平衡，就不会引发疾病。过度输液会导致人体固有的细菌菌群失调，增加细菌的耐药性，为今后的治疗带来难以想象的不良后果。

four/Cause human body dysbacteriosis.Human body surface and the body check many bacteria,Under normal circumstances keep balance between flora,Will not cause disease.Excessive infusion can cause human body inherent bacterial flora disequilibrium,Increase the strains of bacteria,For future treatment brings unimaginable negative consequences.

　　五、可能造成人体不良反应。当体内输入致热、致敏物质，如游离的菌体蛋白或其他代谢产物时，这些物质的输入可能造成人体不良反应，如发热、红疹、瘙痒、肿胀等过敏性反应，严重者还可能休克甚至死亡。此外，长期注射浓度过高、刺激性较强的药物易引起静脉炎等病症。 曹迪娟 郑 娜 邹昀瑾 卢 晓

five/May cause the human body adverse reaction.When the body input to heat/sensitizer,Such as free somatic protein or other metabolites in,These substances may cause the human body the input of the adverse reactions,Such as fever/Red rash/itching/Swelling and allergic reaction,May also may shock and even death.In addition,Long-term injection concentration is too high/Excitant strong drug easy cause the disease such as phlebitis. CaoDiJuan zheng na ZouYun jin lu xiao