打麻将预防老年痴呆？这个可以有！ Playing mahjong prevent dementia?This can have!

　　明天是世界老年痴呆症日，专家提醒“被窃妄想”或“收藏废品”等都是老人患病表现 Tomorrow is the world, alzheimer's disease,The expert reminds"Stolen delusion"or"Collect scrap"Is the old man sick performance

　　出现了“被窃妄想”，总觉得儿女偷她的东西；退休金很高还在外面拾破烂，儿女越阻止情况越严重……这样的老人，并不仅是精神上的问题，其实这些都是老年痴呆症的典型表现。9月21日是“世界老年痴呆症日”，这种病被命名为阿尔茨海默病。目前中国有老年痴呆患者500万人之多，占世界总病例数的四分之一，而且每年平均有30万新发病例。目前，老年痴呆已成为继心血管病、脑血管病和癌症后，老年健康的“第四杀手”。

appeared"Stolen delusion",Always feel that children of stealing her things;Pension is very high also outside pick up rags,The children from the more serious the situation...This old man,And is not only the spiritual problems,In fact all of these is the typical performance of alzheimer's.On September 21, is"The world, alzheimer's disease",The disease was named alzheimer's disease.At present China has senile dementia patients more than 5 million people,Of the world a quarter of the total number of cases,And an annual average of 30 cases of new TB cases.At present,Dementia has become the cardiovascular disease/Cerebrovascular disease and cancer after,Elderly health"The fourth killer".

　　通讯员 徐晓蓉 记者 于丹丹

Reporter correspondent XuXiaoRong YuDanDan

　

　出现以下几种情况，家人需警惕 The following several ways,Family need to alert

　　A 性格突然大变，喜静者变得爱出门

A character suddenly big change,Xi JingZhe become love go out

　　南京脑科医院老年精神科专家告诉记者，随着社会逐渐进入老龄化，老年痴呆症的发病几率越来越高，65岁以上人群中患重度老年痴呆的比率达4%-6%，而到80岁，此比率就上升到20%，其中女性患者多于男性。

Nanjing brain hospital old psychiatric experts told reporters,Along with society gradually entered the aging,Alzheimer's disease is more and more high risk,More than 65 people suffer from severe dementia ratio of 4% - 6%,And to 80 years old,This rate is up to 20%,Patients with women more than men.

　　“情感淡漠”是早期常见症状，性格改变往往出现在疾病的早期，病人变得缺乏主动性，活动减少，孤独，自私，对周围环境兴趣减少。但是也有曾经内向的人突然变得外向了，南京脑科医院老年精神科梅刚副主任医师告诉记者说，很多老人患上老年痴呆症后，反而喜欢出去玩儿了，所以也增加了老人走失的风险。

"apathy"Is early common symptom,Personality change often appeared in the early disease,The patient suffering from a lack of initiative,Activities to reduce,lonely,selfish,On the surrounding environment interest decrease.But there are also had introvert suddenly become the outgoing,Nanjing brain hospital psychiatric elderly MeiGang associate chief physician told reporters,Many old people after suffering from alzheimer's disease,But like the go out to play,So also increases the risk of the old man lost.

　　B 把破烂当珍宝，统统捡回家

B the rags when treasure,Pick up home all

　　梅刚副主任医生告诉记者，老年痴呆症还有一些典型的症状，比如“收藏行为”，这类患者拾破烂视若珍宝，在外面看到什么都捡回家。他曾经遇到过一个老人，享受着丰厚的退休金，儿女们也很孝顺。但是老人突然变得爱拾破烂，甚至连别人吃了一半的盒饭也捡回来。他儿子问他，为什么还去捡人家的剩饭，老人却说，这些留着带回家喂猪。原来上个世纪五六十年代，老人曾经在农村生活过，由于患上了老年痴呆症，他短期的记忆丧失，自己完全停留在过去的岁月当中。

MeiGang, deputy director of the doctor told reporters,Alzheimer's disease and some typical symptoms,For example"Collection behavior",These patients picked rags apparent if treasures,On the outside to see what all pick up home.He had met an old man,Enjoy generous pension,Children also very filial piety.But the old man suddenly become love picked rags,Even others ate half of the box lunch also pick up back.His son asked his,Why is to pick the somebody else's leftovers,The old man said,These keep home to feed the pigs.For the last century s and 60 s,The old man had lived in the countryside,Because suffer from alzheimer's disease,He short-term memory loss,Myself to stay between the years in the past.

　　C 反复重复一句话，擅长的变得生疏

C to repeat a word,Good at become rusty

　　很多人对于老年痴呆症最直接的认识就是“记性差了”，南京脑科医院老年精神科主任李海林告诉记者，轻度老年痴呆症是以近阶段记忆障碍常为首发及最明显症状。

There are lots of people with alzheimer's disease is the most direct knowledge"Memory sent",Nanjing brain hospital psychiatric elderly LiHaiLin director told reporters,Mild alzheimer's recent stage is memory disorders often for starting and the most obvious symptoms.

　　但最初这种退化不明显的，难让人觉察，很多人认为，年龄大了，记性差是正常的现象。有的病人发病早期还力图掩饰或试图弥补自己的记忆缺陷，“我的记忆好，没有问题”、“我能记得多年前的往事”。

But first the degradation not obvious,Difficult to let the human detection,Many people think,age,Memory difference is normal phenomenon.Some patients disease early also tries to hide or tried to make up for his memory defect,"My memory is good,No problem"/"I can remember the past many years ago".

　　梅刚副主任医师告诉记者，由于大脑中的海马体萎缩，“打个比方，好比一台电脑只能打字但是无法储存，”所以短期记忆的能力减退；但是相反过去的事情反倒是记得很清楚，而且连细节都不漏下，这其实也是老年痴呆症的表现之一，以后逐步发展到包括近期记忆和远期记忆在内的全部记忆丧失。

MeiGang associate chief physician told reporters,Due to the hippocampus in the brain atrophy,"For example,Like a computer can only type but could not be saved,"So the ability of short-term memory impairment;But instead the past things but remember very clearly,And even the details are not drip,It is also one of the symptoms of alzheimer's disease,Later gradually developed to include recent memory and long-term memory, all memory loss.

　　还有一些表现也是记忆力减退症状的表现，比如反复说同一件事情；语言用词贫乏空洞；反复重复同一简单的行为，如购物多次付款。李海林主任曾经遇到一位老人，一天到银行存几次钱，因为他不清楚自己已经存过了。

There are some performance is also memory symptoms,For example repeatedly said the same thing;The language of words empty;To repeat the same simple behavior,Such as shopping multiple payment.LiHaiLin director have ever had an old man,One day a few times to the bank deposit money,Because he doesn't know you have saved the.

　　李海林主任告诉记者，还有一种行为也是老年痴呆症的表现，就是原来很擅长的东西突然变得生疏了，“比如一些家庭主妇，原来菜烧的很好吃，但是做菜的水平突然下降了，要不就是忘记放盐，要不就是盐放的太多，要不忘记关火烧焦了。”这说明，她的记忆力已经出现了明显的下降。

LiHaiLin director told reporters,Still have a kind of behavior is also the performance of alzheimer's disease,It is original is very good at things suddenly become rusty,"For example some housewife,The original food burning is very good,But cook level suddenly fell,Or just forget to put salt,Either put too much salt,Don't forget to close the fire burned."This shows,Her memory has appeared significantly reduced.

　　D “被窃妄想” 怀疑别人偷她的钱

D "Stolen delusion" Doubt someone stole her money

　　“医生，我妈妈总是怀疑别人偷她的钱，是不是脑子出了问题？”68岁的退休教师王老太(化名)被女儿送到南京脑科医院老年精神科，女儿在医生耳边悄悄地说。原来，为了让老人得到更好的照顾，儿女们给老人请了个住家保姆照顾。

"The doctor,My mother always doubt someone stole her money,Brain is out of the question?"The 68 - year - old retired teacher wang old too(alias)Be daughter sent to nanjing brain hospital psychiatric elderly,Daughter in the doctor ear said quietly.The original,In order to make the old man get better care,Children give the old man please a home nurse.

　　结果，王老太和保姆三天两头吵架，原因都是老太太总是怀疑保姆偷了钱，直到有一次两人吵翻了，还拨了110，后来才发现，是老太太自个儿把钱给藏起来了。这两年来，老太太连着换了好几个保姆，最后都不欢而散。后来家里人才想起来，这老太是不是精神出了问题啊。

The results,Wang old tai nanny three days two head quarrel,Reason is the old lady always doubt nanny stole the money,Until one time two people turn over noisy,Also the dial 110,It was found later that,The old lady was pushed to hide the money.The two years,The old lady connecting in several nanny,Finally all part on bad terms.Then home talents to think of it,This is actually the spirit out of the question ah.

　　专家指出，“记忆障碍”是老年痴呆症首发症状，但是到了老年痴呆症中期，病人可能会出现精神和行为障碍，可有幻听、错觉，被窃妄想、被害妄想、夸大妄想等；也有可能产生配偶另有婚外情等无中生有的想法。“被窃妄想”，是老年痴呆症一个典型的症状表现。

Experts point out that,"Memory disorders"Is the first signs of alzheimer's,But in middle alzheimer's disease,The patient may appear mental and behavioural disorders,Can have auditory hallucination/illusion,Stolen delusion/Delusion of persecution/Delusion of grandeur, etc;Also be caused spouse otherwise an affair and the idea of out of thin air."Stolen delusion",Alzheimer's disease is a typical symptoms.

　　“我还曾经碰到过一个老人，每次儿女们去看她，临走之前都要被她搜包，因为她认为儿女们会偷她的东西。”南京脑科医院老年精神科梅刚副主任医师告诉记者，老年痴呆症会导致记忆力下降，由于老人病情进展到了一定的阶段，记忆损害大约两三年，由于出现断节才衍生了被窃妄想、虚无妄想等精神症状。

"I had met an old man,Every time children go to see her,Before leaving will be found her bag,Because she thinks that children will steal her things."Nanjing brain hospital psychiatric elderly MeiGang associate chief physician told reporters,Alzheimer's disease can lead to memory decline,Because the old man progress to a certain stage,Memory impairment about two or three years,Owing to break quarter was derived the stolen delusion/Nihilistic delusion and mental symptoms.

　　

几种新说法，到底靠不靠谱 Several new view,By what without spectrum

　　打麻将可以预防老年痴呆？这个可以有！

Playing mahjong can prevent senile dementia?This can have!

　　2004年，香港仁济医院与岭南大学合作的一项研究项目，研究者将100名老年痴呆症患者分成两组，第一组人每星期打4次麻将，每次打4圈，而另外一组每星期只打两次麻将。5个月后，研究者对患者的思考及记忆能力进行了测试。他们发现，较长时间打麻将的那组患者，思考力、记忆力和反应速度，远胜过一周只打两次麻将的那组人。这也是全球医学界对于麻将与华人老年痴呆症的关系的首次研究。

In 2004,,Hong Kong yan chai hospital and lingnan university cooperation a research project,The researchers will 100 alzheimer's patients into two groups,The first group of people each week to play four mahjong,Every time play four laps,And another group every week only hit two mahjong.Five months after,The researchers to the patient's thinking and memory ability were tested.They found that,A long time playing mahjong the group patients,Contemplative faculties/Memory and response speed,Far more than a week to play two mahjong the group.This also is the global medical profession for mahjong and Chinese alzheimer's relations research for the first time.

　　南京脑科医院及老年精神科李海林主任告诉记者，打麻将对于老年痴呆症的预防以及延缓其进程的作用，已经得到了学术界的认可，甚至已经写进了一些地区对于该疾病的防治指南之中。但需要注意的是，首先不要“来钱”，这样的话可能会造成人的过度紧张和兴奋；还有一个方面就是时间上要注意控制。除整体性全身活动外，应尽量多活动手指。梅刚副主任医师告诉记者，弹钢琴也能预防老年痴呆症，因为涉及到手指的精细运动，能保持人的头脑灵敏。

Nanjing brain hospital and old psychiatric LiHaiLin director told reporters,Playing mahjong for alzheimer's disease prevention and the role of delay the process,The academic circles have been recognized,Even has written into some areas for the prevention and control of the disease in the guidelines.But need to pay attention to is,First, don't"To money",Such words may cause the excessive tension and excitement;There is another dimension is time to pay attention to control.In addition to the integrity whole body activities,Should as far as possible many activities fingers.MeiGang associate chief physician told reporters,Playing the piano can also prevent alzheimer's disease,Because involves the finger's fine motor,Can keep one's mind sensitive.

　　知识分子容易患老年痴呆？这个真没有！

Intellectuals likely to develop alzheimer's disease?This is not!

　　本报曾经报道过一名女高工退休后被返聘为工程总监，一直工作到67岁才准备颐养天年，但是一年后即患上老年痴呆。女儿看到不少高知识分子在住院，因此产生疑问，是否这类人群更易得老年痴呆？李海林说，流行病学调查显示，受教育程度高其实是一项“保护因素”。由于知识分子大脑开发的比较充分，所以智商下降一点点的时候，并不会让人注意到，所以相同程度的老年痴呆症患者，受教育程度高的在认识能力方面要更好一些。

This newspaper had reported a female engineers retirement was restart for project director,Has been working to 67 years old to ready to enjoy their life,But a year later which suffer from alzheimer's disease.Daughter saw a lot of high intellectual be in hospital,So the question,Whether this kind of people are more likely to suffer from alzheimer's disease?LiHaiLin said,Epidemiological survey,By a high degree of education is actually a"Protection factor".Due to the intellectual development of the brain is full,So the intelligence quotient (IQ) down a little bit,Will not let people pay attention to,So the same degree of alzheimer's patients,By a high degree of education in cognitive ability aspect to better.

　　老年痴呆症提前了？这个真没有!

Alzheimer's disease ahead?This is not!

　　梅刚副主任医师告诉记者，老年痴呆症本来就分为“老年型(年龄超过65岁)”和“老年前期型(50岁-65岁)”，国际上第一例诊断的阿尔茨海默病的患者，年龄就只有50岁，所以50岁出现老年痴呆症并不算年龄提前。

MeiGang associate chief physician told reporters,Alzheimer's disease was divided into"LaoNianXing(Age more than 65 years old)"and"Presenium type(At the age of 50-65 years old)",The first case of the diagnosis of alzheimer's disease patients,Age is only 50 years old,So 50 years old in alzheimer's disease does not calculate at earlier ages.

　　李海林主任说，“老年痴呆症”还是起病于老年期，中青人也会有痴呆症，但并不是老年痴呆，总体而言老年痴呆症并无明显年轻化的倾向。澳大利亚学者最新的研究显示，在痴呆症状出现前3-5年，人脑就已经出现了病理性的改变。因现代医学越来越发达，通过高科技检测手段可提早发现脑部中的血管异常，因此在诊断、治疗和预防的时间上更加提前了，所以给人感觉“老年痴呆症”是提前到来了。

LiHaiLin director said,"Alzheimer's disease"Still have disease in old age,Middle person also can have dementia,But not dementia,Overall alzheimer's disease and no obvious younger tendency.Australia scholars, a new study suggests,In dementia symptoms before 3-5 years,The human brain is already appeared the pathological changes.For modern medicine more and more developed,Through the high-tech detection means can be found in the early brain vascular anomaly,So in the diagnosis/Treatment and prevention of time more ahead,So give people feel"Alzheimer's disease"Is arrived early.

　　多吃鱼可以补脑？这个可以有！

Eat more fish can brain?This can have!

　　荷兰科学家对5000名55岁以上的老年人进行的研究显示，经常吃鱼者患老年痴呆症的几率只是不吃鱼者的40%。专家指出，在膳食上，强调做到“三定、三高、三低和两戒”，“三定”即定时、定量、定质；“三高”即高蛋白、高不饱和脂肪酸、高维生素；“三低”即低脂肪、低热量、低盐；“两戒”即戒烟、戒酒。“老人多吃鱼是对大脑有好处的，但需要注意鱼刺卡喉。”梅刚副主任医师说。

The Dutch scientists of 5000 old people above 55 years old to study shows,Often eat fish is the risk of developing alzheimer's disease just don't eat fish is 40%.Experts point out that,In the diet on,Emphasize do"Fixed quota system/Three tenors/Three lows and two ring","Fixed quota system"Namely timing/quantitative/qualitative;"Three tenors"Namely high protein/High unsaturated fatty acid/High vitamin;"Three lows"That is low in fat/Low quantity of heat/Low salt;"Two ring"Namely to give up smoking/drinking."The old man eat more fish is good for the brain,But need to pay attention to fishbone card throat."MeiGang associate chief physician said.

　　

-相关新闻 - related news

　　老年痴呆症尚无法治愈 规范药物治疗能改善症状 Alzheimer's disease is still cannot be cured standard drug therapy can improve symptoms

　　老年痴呆症的病理改变主要为皮质弥漫性萎缩，沟回增宽，脑室扩大，神经元大量减少，神经原纤维结(NFT)等病变，胆碱乙酰化酶及乙酰胆碱含量显著减少。目前世界上的药物主要是通过使用胆碱酯酶的抑制剂，减少乙酰胆碱的降解，来提高乙酰胆碱的含量，从而改善老年痴呆症患者的认知功能、记忆功能、语言功能、视空间功能、社会生活能力、个人生活自理能力和情感人格，并可减轻痴呆的严重程度。

Alzheimer's disease pathological changes mainly for the cortex diffuse atrophy,GouHui broadening,Ventricular expanded,A large number of neurons to reduce,Neurofibril"(NFT)disease,Choline acetylated enzyme and acetylcholine content significantly reduce.The world drug is mainly through the use of cholinesterase inhibitors,Reduce the degradation of acetylcholine,To improve acetylcholine content,So as to improve the cognitive function of patients with alzheimer's disease/Memory function/Language functions/Visual space function/Social life ability/Personal life self-care ability and emotion personality,And can reduce the severity of dementia.

　　专家指出，目前，世界上还没有什么很好的彻底治愈老年痴呆症的解决方案。对轻、中度的老年痴呆症患者，规范的药物治疗能改善症状，有助于保持基本的生活功能，能降低照料者负担。治疗还可能延缓疾病进展，使患者更晚进入重度痴呆的时间，减少照料时间，节约医疗资源和家庭负担。因此有明显记忆力问题的老年人应尽早就诊，由专业医生进行诊断并明确处方药物。

Experts point out that,At present,The world does not have what good thoroughly cure alzheimer's solution.In light/Moderate alzheimer's disease patients,Standard drug therapy can improve symptoms,Help keep the basic life function,Can reduce caregiver burden.Treatment may delay progression of disease,Make more patients with late into the severe dementia time,Reduce care time,Saving medical resources and family burden.Therefore has the obvious memory problems of old people should see a doctor as soon as possible,By professional doctor diagnosis and clear prescription drugs.