有了器官捐献，然后才有器官移植。9月21日，卫生部和中国红十字会总会在天津联合召开中国人体器官获取和分配组织工作会议。记者从大会上获悉：自2010年1月卫生部正式委托中国红十字会开展人体器官捐献工作以来，截至今年9月15日，全国捐献工作已完成419例成功案例，捐献大器官1136个，救治了1000多名垂危的病人。但全国捐献器官的情况不容乐观。卫生部副部长黄洁夫表示，现在差不多每年有近100万的病人挣扎在死亡线上。我国急需建立公民自愿捐献器官体系，人体器官移植捐献体系的完善还有很长的路要走。

The organ donation,Then there organ transplantation.On September 21,,Health ministry and Red Cross society of China in tianjin China held a joint human organs acquisition and distribution organization working conference.Reporters learned from the conference:Since January 2010 the ministry of health official entrust the Red Cross society of China to carry out human organ donation since the job,So far this year on September 15,,The contribution of the work had been done 419 cases of successful cases,Large organs donated 1136,The treatment of more than 1000 critically ill patients.But the situation is not optimistic to the donation of body organs.Vice minister of health HuangJieFu said,Now almost every year close to 1 million patients in the struggle to survive.Our country is in urgent need to build civil voluntary donations organ system,The human organ transplant contribution system consummation still have a long way to go.

器官捐献管理日趋制度化、规范化 Organ donation management increasingly institutionalization/standardization

　　据了解，自2007年5月国务院《人体器官移植条例》颁布以来，卫生部通过开展政策法规培训、移植资质管理、活体移植规范、网络数据直报、器官捐献试点等工作，使我国器官移植管理日趋制度化、规范化。2010年9月，成立了中国人体器官捐献工作委员会和中国人体器官捐献办公室。2011年12月，成立了中国人体器官捐献专家委员会。今年3月19日，卫生部同意首都医科大学宣武医院申请，并作为卫生部脑损伤质控评价中心，开展脑损伤的评估研究，并适时、规范开展脑死亡判定技术及培训工作，为人体器官捐献创造了前提条件。今年7月，中国人体器官捐献管理中心也已挂牌成立，将主要负责参与人体器官捐献的宣传动员、报名登记、捐献见证、公平分配及信息平台建设等工作。在一些地方省市，如天津市、武汉市，也已建立专业的人体捐献管理中心。卫生部医管司负责人介绍，我国已初步建立人体器官移植工作体系，经过资质审核认证的人体器官移植医院有164所；还建立了人体器官移植科学登记评估体系，由肝、肾、心、肺及正在研发的胰腺和小肠的移植数据中心组成；中国红十字会总会及各级红十字会主要负责人体捐献工作。下一步，卫生部还将逐渐建立人体器官移植医师的注册、培训、考核体系，制定一系列的激励考核措施。近日，中国红十字会和卫生部印发文件，提出进一步规范人体器官捐献工作。新的器官移植服务体系由经过资质审核认证的人体器官移植医院完成，在这过程中，必须要有专职协调员见证，不允许相关医疗机构私自开展器官捐献工作。这标志着我国器官移植进入新的发展阶段，管理日趋制度化、规范化。

It is understood,Since May 2007 the state council[The human organ transplant regulations]Since issued,The ministry of health through the development of policies and regulations training/Transplantation qualification administration/Living transplantation standard/Network data direct report/Organ donation pilot, etc,The organ transplant management increasingly institutionalization/standardization.In September of 2010,Established the China human organ donation working committee and China human organ donation office.In December of 2011,Established the China human organ donation committee of experts.March 19,,The ministry of health agreed to the capital university of medical sciences, xuanwu hospital application,And as the ministry of health brain injury quality control evaluation center,Carry out brain damage evaluation research,And timely/Standard carry out brain death decision technology and training work,For the human body organ donation created the premise condition.July,China human organ donation management center has also established listed,Will be involved in the human organ donation is mainly responsible for the publicity of mobilization/register/Gifts witness/Fair distribution and information platform construction, etc.In some parts of the provinces and cities,Such as tianjin/wuhan,Has been established professional human contribution management center.The ministry of health medical tube department chief introduction,Our country has initially established a working system for transplant of human organs,After review qualification authentication of human organs for transplants hospital there are 164;Has also established the human organ transplant science registration assessment system,The liver/renal/heart/Lung and developing pancreas and small intestine transplantation of data center;The Red Cross society of China and the Red Cross societies at various levels is mainly responsible for the human body to make a contribution work.The next step,The ministry of health will gradually establish the human organ transplant physicians registration/training/Evaluation system,A set of incentive assessment measures.recently,The Red Cross society of China and the ministry of health issued documents,Put forward further standardize human organ donation work.The new organ transplant service system by a qualification review the authentication of human organs for transplants hospital finish,In the process,Must want to have full-time coordinator witness,Don't allow related medical institutions to carry out organ donation work without permission.This symbolized our country organ transplantation into the new stage of development,Management is institutionalization/standardization.

器官捐献资源仍然十分紧缺 Organ donation resource is still in short supply

　　记者从大会上获悉，中国具有器官移植手术资质的医疗机构有160多家，器官移植手术水平在世界上处于先进行列。但我国是世界上开展器官移植最多的国家，也是等待移植患者最多的国家，器官来源一直是我国器官移植最大的制约因素。为解决器官来源问题，2010年中国红十字会和卫生部联合启动全国人体器官捐献试点，2011年试点工作扩大到16个省区。中国红十字会副会长郝林娜介绍，目前各试点省已经累计登记捐献者超过1.5万人，共完成捐献419例，实现了逝者捐献器官延续他人生命的崇高愿望。

Reporters learned from the conference,China has the organ transplant operation qualification of medical institutions more than 160,The organ transplant operation level in the world in the advanced ranks.But our country is the world's most populous country in organ transplantation,Is also waiting for transplantation patients most populous nation,Organ sources has been the biggest organ transplantation restricting factors.To solve the organ sources problems,In 2010, the Red Cross society of China and the ministry of health joint start the national human organ donation pilot,In 2011, the pilot work to expand to 16 provinces.The Red Cross society of China, vice chairman of HaoLinNa is introduced,At present the pilot province has been accumulated registration donor more than 15000 people,A total of 419 patients with complete contributions,Realized the donor continue the life of another noble desire.

　　但是，目前中国每年约有150万人需要器官移植，每年仅有1万人能够接受移植手术，1比150，这个差距巨大的供需比例，直接制约了我国器官移植事业的发展。以肾病肝病为例，中国每年有等待移植手术的终末期肾病患者约100万人，终末期肝病患者30万人，而每年进行的移植器官手术仅约1万人次。这个比例仅为130比1，大量病人只能对器官翘首以盼。浙江大学医学院附属第一医院院长郑树森，是中国著名的器官移植专家。两年来，他和同事们在新器官分配框架下完成了45例手术。他说：“这还远远不够，因为正在排队等待的患者还有数百人，其中三分之一是随时有生命危险的重症患者。”郑树森说，医院应在器官捐献过程中起到更加重要的作用。他介绍：“各医院一定要知道有这样的潜在捐献者，比如交通意外，脑死亡等都应该动员他们捐献。要知道，我们大医院要做器官移植的病人非常之多，我们也非常着急，却无能为力。如果这个问题解决了，能抢救更多的病人。”天津市第一中心医院负责人也表示，该院虽然技术上比较成熟，如“肝移植的临床研究及应用”获得过国家科学技术进步奖二等奖，完成肝移植手术超过1400例。但自2007年以来，该医院的器官移植手术例数受到器官短缺的影响迅速下降。

but,At present China each year about 1.5 million people need organ transplants,Each year only 10000 people can accept transplant,1-150,The gap between supply and demand of great proportion,Directly restrict the development of the cause of the organ transplantation in China.With nephropathy liver disease as an example,Every year China have waiting for transplants in patients with end-stage renal disease about 1 million people,Patients with end-stage liver disease 300000 people,Each year and the transplant surgery only about 10000 passengers.The proportion is only 130-1,A large number of patients only dearth of organs.Zhejiang university school of the first hospital affiliated ZhengShuSen dean,Is China's famous organ transplant experts.Two years,He and his colleagues in the new organ distribution under the framework of the finished 45 cases of surgery.He said:"This is far from enough,Because is waiting for patients and hundreds of people,A third of these is always have life risk of severe patients."ZhengShuSen said,The hospital should be in organ donation process plays a more important role.He introduced:"The hospital must know that there is such a potential donor,Such as a traffic accident,Brain death, and so should mobilize them gifts.Want to know,Our big hospitals to do organ transplant patients is very much,We also very worried,Of, but can do little about.If this problem solved,To salvage more patients."Tianjin first central hospital chief also said,The hospital although technically more mature,if"Liver transplantation, clinical research and application"Won the state science and technology progress second prize,Completed more than 1400 cases of liver transplantation surgery.But since 2007,The hospital of the organ transplant operation by the influence of fiberobronchoscopically collected tissues or organs shortage rapid decline.

急需建立符合国情的遗体器官捐献和分配体系 Need establishment conforms to the situation of body organ donation and distribution system

　　中国红十字会相关负责人在大会上作《人体器官移植捐献》工作报告时指出，对于人体器官的来源，在美国，大部分州采用了领取驾照登记器官捐献意愿制度，西班牙和欧洲多国也采取同样的办法。但我国在这方面困难重重，传统文化和理念上有巨大差异。但除了文化和传统理念上的差异，对捐献者的家庭救助机制缺乏也是制约我国公民自愿捐献器官的一大因素。据浙江省红十字会一份调查显示：在53例捐献者家庭中，在捐献的同时，希望得到医疗、事故、工伤、殡葬等善后处理和心理帮助的有29例，占54.72%。希望得到人道救助的有8例，占15.09%。深圳市红十字会器官捐献专职协调员高敏表示，在咨询器官捐献事宜的时候，很多人都会问器官捐献到底有没有补助。她表示，“目前只有一些困难家庭的捐献者可以向红十字会申请困难救助，并不是所有捐献者都有。”

The Red Cross society of China in the relevant person in charge of congress[The human organ transplant gifts]When the work report pointed out,For the source of human organs,In the United States,Most states adopted the driver's license registration organ donation intend to system,The Spanish and European nations are adopting the same way.But our country in this respect difficulties,Traditional culture and philosophy has great differences.But in addition to culture and traditional concept differences,To the donor's family relief mechanism is lack of restricting our citizens volunteered to the donation of body organs a big factor.According to the Red Cross society of zhejiang province, according to a survey:In 53 patients with donors in the family,In the donor and at the same time,Hope to get medical/accident/Inductrial injury/Funeral and interment and rehabilitation treatment and psychological help 29 cases,Accounted for 54.72%.Hope to get humanitarian aid has 8 cases,Accounted for 15.09%.Shenzhen city Red Cross organ donation full-time coordinator gao min said,In the consultation of organ donation matters,A lot of people will ask organ donation exactly have allowance.She says,"At present, only some difficult family donors can apply for difficult to the Red Cross aid,Not all donors have."

　　卫生部一名专家表示，在国外，对捐献者的家庭救助一般会通过商业保险解决。而国内则缺乏相应的机制。现在，国内一些试点省份也开始尝试建立人体器官捐献基金，但规模不大，难以对所有捐献者给予足够的补偿。记者了解到，由于经费的制约，近年来，有些省份的红十字会对捐献者家庭人道救助呈现逐年减少的趋势。浙江省红十字会相关负责人在大会上介绍：据统计，该省对53例捐献者家庭人道救助(慰问)平均为4.7万元。从2010年的人均6.1万元、2011年的5.4万元，下降到2012年前八个月的人均4.3万元。卫生部副部长黄洁夫表示，“器官捐献，应该遵循爱心奉献的无偿原则。但为了捐献工作合理、合情、合法，器官的捐献可以采取经济补助的激励政策。考虑到中国国情，应该对相应器官捐献者的家庭给予人道主义救助，这不是金钱买卖。”黄洁夫指出，建立符合我国国情的遗体器官捐献和分配体系，决定中国器官移植事业的兴衰存亡。我国对器官捐献体系的完善不仅需要政府，还需要社会各界的共同关注和努力。只有建立公民自愿捐献器官体系，全社会对器官捐赠有足够的重视和支持，才能从根本上解决器官移植的源头问题。(本报记者 袁于飞 张 蕾)

A health ministry experts say,In foreign,To the donor's family salvage general meeting through the commercial insurance to solve.And domestic is lack of the corresponding mechanism.now,Domestic some pilot provinces also began to try to establish human organ donation funds,But the scale is not big,All donors is difficult to give enough compensation.The reporter understands,Due to the restriction of funds,In recent years,Some provinces of the Red Cross for donors family humanitarian relief presents the trend of decreasing year by year.The Red Cross society of zhejiang province the relevant person in charge at the conference is introduced:According to the statistics,The province in 53 patients with donor family humanitarian assistance(sympathy)An average of 47000 yuan.From 2010 years of 61000 yuan per capita/2011 yuan in 54000,Descend to 2012 years ago eight months of 43000 yuan per capita.Vice minister of health HuangJieFu said,"Organ donation,Should follow the principle of free love offerings.But in order to donation work reasonably/within/legal,Organ donation can take economic aid incentive policy.Considering China's actual conditions,Should be to the corresponding organ donor family give humanitarian assistance,This is not money buying and selling."HuangJieFu pointed out that,Establishment conforms to our country national condition the body organ donation and distribution system,Determine the cause of the rise and fall of the organ transplantation survival.Our country to the perfection of organ donation system not only needs the government,Also need the social from all walks of life of common concern and efforts.Only the establishment of the citizen voluntary donations organ system,The whole society for organ donation have enough attention and support,To fundamentally solve the organ transplant source problem.(Our reporter yuen form a budding)