受访专家/中山大学附属第三医院营养科主任 卞华伟

Sun yat-sen university of experts/third affiliated hospital of director of division of nutrition BianHuaWei

　　文/羊城晚报记者 张华 通讯员 许健

Wen/Yang cheng evening news reporter zhang hua XuJian correspondent

　　在过节期间，家里的食物准备异常丰盛，各类蔬果、肉类、月饼等全都会放进冰箱里。好多人都以为食物放进冰箱就会 “安全”，不会变味、不会变质，实际上，冰箱只是通过降温的方式，抑制细菌的繁殖速度，但食物存放时间过长，一样也会变质，吃了有可能会让人发生恶心、呕吐、腹泻等“冰箱食物中毒”的症状。

During the feast in,Home food preparation anomaly abundant,All kinds of vegetables and fruits/meat/Moon cakes, etc will all die in the fridge.Many people think the food into the refrigerator will "safety",Won't off-odor/Won't metamorphic,In fact,The refrigerator is through the cooling way,Inhibition of bacteria propagation speed,But food storage for a long time,The same will also metamorphism,Eat may make people nausea/vomiting/diarrhea"Refrigerator food poisoning"symptoms.

　　存放隔夜菜，亚硝酸盐剧增 Stored overnight food,Nitrite excursion

　　在营养学界一直有种说法，隔夜菜，特别是隔夜蔬菜不能吃，因为隔夜菜亚硝酸盐含量很高，而用加热的方式只能消灭微生物和细菌，而亚硝酸盐却是加热去不掉的。

In the academic circles have nutrition has been said,Overnight food,Especially overnight vegetables can't eat,Because overnight food nitrite content is very high,And with heating way can only destroy microbial and bacteria,And nitrite is heating indelible.

　　曾经有一个试验发现，出锅后24小时的菜肴中，4个菜肴亚硝酸盐含量大幅增加，且全部超过了《食品中污染物限量标准》的限量标准，其中炒青菜超标34%，韭菜炒蛋超标41%，红烧肉超标84%，红烧鲫鱼超标141%。荤菜亚硝酸盐含量超标厉害，是因为红烧的菜肴，所用的调料中本身就含有硝酸盐，而且荤菜蛋白质含量高，24小时后，微生物分解了大量蛋白质化合物，促使硝酸盐转化为亚硝酸盐。而蔬菜中之所以含有亚硝酸盐，是因为蔬菜生长过程中要施氮肥，硝酸盐就是从氮肥中来的。

There was once a test found,Out of the pot in the cuisine of 24 hours after,Four dishes nitrite content increase,And all over[Food in the limited standards of pollutants]Standard of set limit to,The Fried vegetables exceeded the standards by 34%,Chinese chive Fried egg exceed 41%,Braise in soy sauce meat exceed 84%,Stewed crucian carp exceed 141%.Meat dish nitrite content exceeds bid badly,Because stewed dishes,Used in condiment itself contains nitrate,Meat protein content and high,After 24 hours,Microbial decompose a large number of protein compound,Prompted nitrate into nitrite.And vegetables are contain nitrite,Because vegetables growth process to nitrogen,Nitrate is from nitrogen in.

　　总之，无论是剩菜还是剩肉，都不要长时间存放在冰箱，因为这其中的亚硝酸盐成人摄入0.2至0.5克即可引起中毒，如果长期食用还可引起食管癌、胃癌、肝癌和大肠癌等疾病。

In a word,Whether leftovers or with meat,Don't long time stored in the refrigerator,Because the nitrite adult intake of 0.2 to 0.5 grams can cause poisoning,If long-term consumption can also cause esophageal cancer/Gastric cancer/Liver cancer and colorectal cancer and other diseases.

　　四类食物不宜放入冰箱 Four kind of food should not be put in the refrigerator

　　中山大学附属第三医院营养科主任卞华伟说，尽管冰箱已进入家庭多年，但并不代表每个家庭主妇都懂得如何合理使用冰箱。食物放入冰箱就万事无忧了吗？不同的食物保鲜有什么不同？

The third affiliated hospital of sun yat-sen university nutrition section head BianHuaWei said,Although refrigerator has entered the family for years,But doesn't mean every housewife knows how to reasonably use the refrigerator.The food in the refrigerator is everything on the table?Different food preservation, is there any difference?

　　卞华伟指出，有以下四类食物不宜放在冰箱里：

BianHuaWei pointed out that,Has the following four kind of food is unfavorable in the refrigerator:

　　(1)根茎类蔬菜———皮质厚实的土豆、胡萝卜、南瓜、冬瓜、洋葱等可以在室温下存放即可。另外，黄瓜、青椒长时间放在冰箱里也容易变黑、变软。

(1)Root vegetables --, cortex thick potatoes/carrots/pumpkins/White gourd/Onion, etc can be stored at room temperature can be.In addition,cucumber/Green pepper long time in the refrigerator also easy to black/Become soft.

　　(2)热带水果———香蕉、芒果等热带和亚热带水果对低温适应性差，如果放在冰箱里冷藏，反而会冻伤水果，影响口感。

(2)Tropical fruit --, bananas/Mango tropical and subtropical fruit for low temperature adaptability difference,If put in a refrigerator refrigerated,It will frostbite fruit,Influence taste.

　　(3)糕点———馒头、花卷、面包等淀粉类食物放在冰箱，会加快变干变硬，如果必须要储藏，则要先用保鲜膜或保鲜袋装好后再放入冷冻室。

(3)Pastry -- steamed bread/Steamed roll/Bread, starch kind of food in the fridge,Can accelerate dry harden,If must be stored,Should use first preservative film or fresh bag before put in freezer.

　　(4)腌制肉———腊肉、火腿等肉类腌制品适合放在阴凉通风的地方，这有利于保证食物的风味，如果把它们放进冰箱，因为湿度太大，容易出现哈喇味，反而缩短了储藏的时间。

(4)Curing meat --, bacon/Ham and salted meat suits to be put in a cool ventilated place,This is helpful to ensure food flavor,If you put them in the refrigerator,Because of the humidity is too big,Prone to rancid flavor,Instead, shorten the storage time.

　　值得提醒的是，速冻食品(比如肉类、鱼类等)解冻后，细菌会迅速大量繁殖，这种解冻后的食物不适宜再次放回冰箱。所以，在把肉类食物放入冰冻室前，最好先分成一份份适量的包装，一次就拿一包解冻。

Those who be worth to remind is,Frozen food(Such as meat/Fish, etc)After thawing,The bacteria multiply rapidly,The thawed food is not appropriate to put back to the refrigerator.so,The meat food into frozen room before,You'd better into one right amount of packaging,Once took a pack of thaw.

　　此外，食物不可生熟混放在一起，为防止串味，使用保鲜膜或保鲜盒存放食物。

In addition,Food not born ripe mix together,To prevent taint of odor,Use parafilm or preservation box store food.

　　

冰箱食物储存时间一览 Refrigerator food storage time general

　　目前，冰箱的设计越来越先进，在上世纪八九十年代，冰箱分为冷藏室和冷冻室，冷藏室的温度在4-5℃，而冷冻室则在-18℃。现在的冰箱还多了一个饮料储存的空间，其温度在12℃。

At present,Refrigerator design is more and more advanced,In the s and s,The refrigerator is divided into cold room and freezer,Cold room temperature in 4-5 ℃,And freezer is in - 18 ℃.Now the refrigerator also has a drink storage space,The temperature in the 12 ℃.

　　每一个空间所储存的食物都有所分类，冷藏室可以存放1-3天内要吃的肉类、鱼类，或新鲜蔬菜，而冷冻室则是放速冻食物的地方。下面是经常食用食物的储存时限：

Every space stored food have classification,Cold room can deposit 1-3 days to eat meat/fish,Or fresh vegetables,And freezer is put quick-frozen food place.Below are often edible food storage time limit:

　　牛肉：冷藏1-2天，冷冻90天

beef:Refrigerated 1-2 days,Frozen 90 days

　　肉排：冷藏2-3天，冷冻270天

steak:Refrigerated 2-3 days,Frozen 270 days

　　鸡肉：冷藏2-3天，冷冻360天

chicken:Refrigerated 2-3 days,Frozen 360 days

　　鱼类：冷藏1-2天，冷冻90-180天

fish:Refrigerated 1-2 days,Frozen 90-180 days

　　鲜蛋：冷藏30-60天

Fresh eggs:Refrigerated 30 to 60 days

　　熟鸡蛋：冷藏6-7天

Boiled eggs:Refrigerated 6 to 7 days

　　牛奶：冷藏5-6天

milk:Refrigerated 5-6 days

　　酸奶：冷藏7-10天

yogurt:Refrigerated 7-10 days

　　饮料、酒类：4℃左右储藏，开启后应尽量喝完

drinks/wine:4 ℃ or so storage,After open should try to drink

　　剩饭：冷藏不超过3天

left-over:Cold storage not more than three days

　　剩菜：素菜不宜放在冰箱存放，建议现烧现吃

leftovers:Vegetable is unfavorable in the refrigerator storage,Suggested that the burning we eat

　　花生酱、芝麻酱：开罐子后冷藏90天

Peanut butter/Sesame paste:Open cans chill 90 days

　　西红柿：冷藏12天

tomatoes:Refrigerated 12 days

　　芹菜：冷藏7-14天

celery:Refrigerated 7 to 14 days