题：儿童用药“基本靠掰” 儿童专用药为何奇缺？ problem:Medicine for children"Basic depend to break" Children ZhuanYongYao why famine?

　　“一片直径不到1厘米的药，怎么分成两份甚至四份？”一些家长反映，去医院给孩子开药，常常出现“半片”“四分之一片”的剂量，但从药房拿到的药却是成片的，服用时只能用手掰。掰不了的就磨成粉末，用温水溶解后，根据刻度分给孩子服用。

"A piece of diameter less than 1 cm medicine,How is divided into two or four?"Some parents reflect,Went to the hospital to give the child prescriptions,Often appear"Half a piece of""Quarter slice"dose,But from the pharmacy to get medicine is patchy,Use only with the hand break.Don't break the ground into powder,With warm water after dissolving,According to the scale to their children.

　　专家指出，由于利润低、周期长等原因，许多药厂不愿意生产儿童药，我国市场上，儿童专用药缺乏，儿童用药普遍“成人化”，用药安全难保证。

Experts point out that,Due to the low profit/Cycle long wait for a reason,Many pharmaceutical factory is not willing to produces children's medicine,Our country market,Children ZhuanYongYao lack,Children use common"ChengRenHua",Drug safety for difficult to guarantee.

儿童吃“成人药” 用药安全难保证 Children eat"Adult medicine" Drug safety for difficult to guarantee

　　进入秋季，由于昼夜温差大，这段时间也成为小儿感冒的高发期。记者近日走访长沙几家医院，发现儿童感冒、发烧的人数激增，一些带着孩子看病的家长告诉记者，对付感冒等常见病症，往往根据药品的剂量，掰成若干分之一后，喂给孩子吃。

Into autumn,Due to the temperature difference between day and night,This time also become children of a cold period.Recently, reporters visited changsha several hospitals,Found that children's cold/The increase in the number of fever,Some parents take their children to see a doctor told reporters,Deal with cold and other common disease,Often according to drug dose,Break into some points after one of,Feed the child to eat.

　　家住中南大学湘雅三医院附近的陈女士说：“孩子感冒咳嗽，我给她喝了成人的止咳药，吃药时减少了一些剂量。”

Central south university in xiangya hospital three nearby ms Chen said:"Child cold cough,I gave her to drink the adult's some cough medicine,Take medicine when reduce some dose."

　　湘雅三医院儿科主任赵玲玲认为，陈女士给孩子服用成人药止咳，存在严重的安全隐患。在使用镇咳药物治疗有痰咳嗽时，易造成痰液堵塞气道，引起严重不良反应。

Three xiangya hospital department of pediatrics director ZhaoLingLing think,Ms. Chen give children taking adult medicine cough,There are serious security hidden danger.In the use of cough medicine treatment with sputum coughing,Easy create sputum jam the airway,Cause serious adverse reactions.

　　赵玲玲说，有家长认为，部分药品标有按照体重服药的公式，一推算就知道孩子吃多少药了，殊不知这存在着极大的安全隐患。

ZhaoLingLing said,Have their parents think that,Part of the drugs in accordance with the formula of weight with medicine,A prediction will know that children eat how much medicine,Little imagine that there is a great safety hidden trouble.

　　湖南省儿童医院大内科主任王希勇认为，同一种药物在儿童体内的吸收、分布、代谢及排泄过程与成人有很大区别。成人感冒药多为复合制剂，药物中的某些成分不适合用于儿童，如果用药不当极易造成儿童肝肾功能受损。

The children's hospital of hunan province big head of the medical department WangXiYong think,The same kind of drugs in children with absorption/distribution/Metabolism and excretion process and adults have very big distinction.Adult cold medicines for compound preparation,Drug of some components are not suitable for children,If improper use is caused extremely easily children liver/kidney damage.

　　赵玲玲说，儿童吃成人药，小病成大病，这种情况不少。比如地高辛、西地兰、氨茶碱等，少有适合儿童的剂型，临床上很难掌握用量，致使中毒事件时有发生。又如用于小儿退热方面的部分成人药里含有大黄，成人可能不是很敏感，但小孩服用会引起腹泻。

ZhaoLingLing said,Children eat adult medicine,Ailment into a serious illness,This kind of situation many.Such as digoxin/West the ground orchid/Aminophylline, etc,Few of the dosage form suitable for children,It is difficult to grasp clinical dosage,The poisoning incidents.And as for pediatric defervescence aspects of part of the adult contain rhubarb,Adults may not be very sensitive,But the child take can cause diarrhea.

儿童专用药奇缺 医生无奈、家长苦恼 Children ZhuanYongYao famine doctor helpless/Parents distress

　　在今年9月份举行的“儿童用药问题”专题研讨会上，与会专家指出，目前我国儿童占总人口20%以上，但儿童药品紧缺，国内市场90%的药物都没有“儿童版”，多数是成人药的“减量版”，国内市场90%药品无适用于儿童的剂型。

In September this year at the"Children's drug problem"Seminars on,The expert points out,At present our country children's total population 20%,But children drug shortage,The domestic market, 90% of the drug are not"Children's version",Most is adult medicine"Decrement edition",The domestic market 90% drug no suitable for children's dosage form.

　　据中华全国工商业联合会医药业商会的一项调查显示，全国6000多家药厂中，生产儿童药品的药厂却寥寥无几，能够自主开发儿童新药的专业药厂更是凤毛麟角。

According to the all-china federation of industry and commerce of the vacuum chamber of commerce to a survey,The national more than 6000 in the pharmaceutical companies,Produces children's drug pharmaceutical factory is very few,Can the independent development of new drugs children professional pharmaceutical factory more rare.

　　不少家长表示喂孩子吃药很苦恼，不到指甲盖大小的一片药，得平均分成两份、四份甚至八份来吃，太不方便，最怕的是掌握不好量，导致孩子发生中毒等危险。

A lot of parents said hello children take medicine very distress,ZhiJiaGai less than the size of a pill,Have to average is divided into two/Four of the eight sections even to eat,Is not convenient,Most afraid of is master bad quantity,Cause the child produces poisoning, and dangerous.

　　一些儿科医生告诉记者，由于缺乏儿童专用药，医生经常面临无药可开的尴尬局面。比如发生佝偻病，亟须补充维生素D，但治疗佝偻病的注射剂与口服液经常供货不足。究其原因，是因为生产维生素D利润低，一瓶维生素D的价格在2块钱以下，一些制药厂不愿意生产。

Some pediatrician told reporters,Due to the lack of ZhuanYongYao children,Doctors often face no medicine can open embarrassing situation.For example there rickets,It is urgent to complement vitamin D,But the treatment rachitic injection and oral liquid often short supply.Investigate its reason,Because the production of vitamin D low profit,A bottle of vitamin D in the price of $2,Some pharmaceutical factory is not willing to production.

儿童药品研发、生产需政策支持 Children drug development/Production need to policy support

　　受访专家认为，儿童药品研发遇“尴尬”、儿童药品临床经验缺乏、制药厂生产儿童药品利润低、报批难等，都是儿童专用药匮乏的原因。

Of experts believe,Children in drug research and development"embarrassed"/Children lack of drug clinical experience/Pharmaceutical factory produces children's drug low profit/The difficult in the examination and approval, etc,Are children ZhuanYongYao the lack of reason.

　　湖南省药品不良反应监测中心副主任陈光建说，儿童药品研发处于比较“尴尬”的境地，药品临床试验管理规范规定，不允许18岁以下的儿童进行药品临床试验，最易发病人群需要临床试验数据支持，但他们不适合做药品受试者。这个矛盾是世界性的，正在引起一些国家的重视。

Hunan province adverse drug reaction monitoring center, deputy director of the ChenGuangJian said,Children's drug development in comparison"embarrassed"situation,Drug clinical trial management rules and regulations,Don't allow children under the age of 18 in drug clinical trials,The most easy to occur among clinical trial data support,But they don't fit for drug subjects.This contradiction is a worldwide,Is causing some countries pay attention to.

　　湖南中和制药有限公司是湖南为数不多的儿童制药公司，公司负责人叶剑南告诉记者，在儿童药品的开发中，寻找儿童受试者往往比较困难，所以儿童专用药市场中，仿制药品越来越多。

Hunan of hunan and pharmaceutical co., LTD. Is one of the few children pharmaceutical company,The company YeJianNa told reporters,In the development of children's drugs,Looking for children is often difficult subjects,So the children ZhuanYongYao market,More and more generic drugs.

　　一些药企负责人认为，儿童药品新产品投入高、开发周期较长，儿童专用药相对成人药生产的批量小、包装工艺相对复杂、通用性不高、市场需求具有季节性变化，由于生产成本较高、利润较低，在研发、转让、生产、使用、销售等诸多环节缺少政策支持，这在很大程度上影响了药企的生产积极性。

Some medicine enterprises officials think,Children's drug new products into high/A long development cycle,Children ZhuanYongYao relative adult medicine production batch small/Packaging process relatively complex/Generality is not high/The market demand has the seasonal change,Due to production cost is higher/Lower profits,In the research and development/transfer/production/use/Selling a lot of link such as lack of policy support,This in a great extent, influences the medicine enterprise's production enthusiasm.

　　有分析认为，社会有需要，市场没供给，说明“儿童用药”处于严重的“市场失灵”状态。这种尴尬状态已经存在多年，对儿童专用药研发、生产行业发展予以引导、鼓励与特殊保护迫在眉睫。

Have analyzed that,Social need,Market didn't supply,explain"Medicine for children"In serious"Market failure"state.This kind of embarrassing state have existed for many years,ZhuanYongYao on children's development/Production industry development to guide/Encourage and special protection is imminent.

　　专家建议，对儿童药品研发给予政策、资金和技术上的支持；给予研发儿童药物一定的市场保护期；设立市场独占期或延长期；对儿童药生产企业给予税收减免等扶持政策；应从定价机制、医保制度、招标采购、税收制度、审评审批等多方面，给予政策倾斜；还应积极研究我国的儿童基本用药目录和儿童用药临床指南、处方集，指导合理用药。(新华社记者 帅才)

Experts suggest,On children's drug r&d give policy/Financial and technical support;Give r&d children drug certain market protection;Set up the market monopoly phase or extended period;On children's drug production enterprise give tax breaks and supporting policies;Pricing mechanism should be/Medical insurance system/Bidding procurement/Tax system/Evaluation for examination and approval and other aspects,Give policy support;Also should actively study our children's basic drugs catalog and children's medicine clinical guidelines/dispensatory,Guiding rational drug use.(The xinhua news agency reporter command ability)