母乳喂养，何时不再“困难重重” breastfeeding,When no longer"difficulties"

——母乳喂养现状调查 Investigation on the current situation, breastfeeding

编者按： Editor's note:母乳喂养这种方式已为越来越多的父母所接受。然而，记者调查发现，受多种原因的限制，比如奶粉违规销售、哺乳时间难以保障等，母乳喂养现状并不尽如人意。母乳喂养，不仅需要妈妈们的努力，更需要多种条件的保障。

Breastfeeding this kind of means already for more and more parents accept.however,Reporter survey found,Because of the limitation of by many,Such as milk powder illegal sales/Lactation time is difficult to guarantee, etc,Breastfeeding status is not satisfactory.breastfeeding,Need not only mothers efforts,More need to various conditions of the security.

　　母乳喂养时下已得到多数父母的认可。然而，受多种原因的限制，比如奶水不足、奶粉违规销售、哺乳时间难以保障等，母乳喂养现状并不尽如人意。母乳喂养，不仅需要妈妈们的努力，更需要多种条件的保障。

Breastfeeding nowadays has been most parents recognition.however,Because of the limitation of by many,Such as the insufficient milk/Milk powder illegal sales/Lactation time is difficult to guarantee, etc,Breastfeeding status is not satisfactory.breastfeeding,Need not only mothers efforts,More need to various conditions of the security.

母乳喂养观念深得人心 Breastfeeding concept popular

　　在笔者走访过程中，准妈妈们大都表示希望不久能够进行母乳喂养。已经怀孕6个多月的孟庆征说：“如果条件具备，当然选择母乳喂养。通过医院宣传之类的渠道也知道这对孩子最好。”

In the process of visit,Mothers-to-be mostly expressed the hope that soon be able to breastfeeding.Is pregnant 6 months MengQingZheng said:"If conditions have,Of course choose the breastfeeding.Through the hospital propaganda and so on channel also know this to the child the best."

　　“如今选择母乳喂养的产妇很多，”北京大学人民医院妇产科主任医师张晓红说，“母乳喂养有很多优点，比如方便、卫生、营养好、易吸收，母乳里还有抗体，有利于增强宝宝的抵抗力。”

"Now choose breastfeeding mothers many,"The people's hospital of Beijing university department of gynaecology and obstetrics chief physician ZhangXiaoGong said,"Breastfeeding has a lot of advantages,Such as convenient/health/Good nutrition/Easy absorption,In the milk and antibody,To strengthen baby's resistance."

　　另一位准妈妈王女士刚刚在北京的一家医院做完产检，“必须母乳喂养呀，现在毒奶粉那么多，谁还敢用呀。”她说：“就算奶粉没出这些事儿，也还是母乳好。”

Another level mother wang just in Beijing hospital finish production inspection,"Must breastfeeding ah,Now toxic milk powder so much,Who will dare to use ah."She said:"Even if milk powder didn't out these thing,Also or breast milk is good."

　　据了解，北京妇产医院特别为孕妇开设了母乳喂养精品课堂，收费50元，基本每周都会讲授一次关于母乳喂养的知识，包括喂奶体位、预防乳腺炎和个性化指导等内容。从报名情况来看，母乳喂养很受准妈妈们的青睐。

It is understood,Beijing maternity hospital especially for pregnant woman opened the breastfeeding products class,Charge $50,Basic every week once taught about breastfeeding knowledge,Including nursing position/Prevent mastitis and individualized instruction, etc.From the situation,Breastfeeding is well received by the favour of would-be moms.

　　如今怀孕四个多月的王女士对此愤慨地说：“我才不在乎身材呀什么的，哪个母亲不想给孩子最好的，只有那些特别自私的妈妈才会考虑这些吧。”

Now pregnant four more months of wang this indignantly said:"I don't care what figure ah,Which mother don't want to give your children the best of,Only those special selfish mother will consider these it."

　　而放弃纯母乳喂养，多是因为客观条件的限制而做出的无奈之举。

And give up pure breastfeeding,Because of the limitation of the more objective conditions make the zoology-designing changing.

　　闫大姐今年36岁，从老家来北京打工多年。她手中抱着新出生的孩子，走在后面的母亲手里还怀抱着一个，两个人都喜上眉梢。出生40多天的龙凤胎给家人带来了莫大的欢欣。“生了双胞胎自然高兴，可我奶水不够孩子吃，只能既喂母乳，又喂奶粉喽。”闫大姐有些无奈地说。

A leap year sister 36 years old,From their hometown to Beijing to work for many years.Her hands holding the new born child,Walking in the back of the mother's hand carrying a,Two men look very happy.Born more than 40 days of longfeng tire to family brought great joy."Gave birth to twins natural happy,But I milk was not enough children to eat,Can not only breast milk,And feed milk powder after ather."A leap eldest sister some helplessly said.

　　闫大姐的遗憾并非个例。尽管多数准妈妈都抱着纯母乳喂养的愿望，但并不是每个人都能够实现这一想法。事实上，只有很少一部分妈妈能如愿以偿。

A leap eldest sister regret not case-by-case.Although most expectant mothers are holding the pure breastfeeding wishes,But not everyone can achieve this idea.In fact,Only a small part of the mother can achieve.

　　在调查过程中，选择母乳喂养的准妈妈们往往加上一个前缀条件——即“条件允许”，很多孕妇在产后会面临像闫大姐这样的情况。

In the research process,Choose the breastfeeding expectant mothers often add a prefix condition - namely"Conditions allow",Many pregnant women in the postpartum will face like a leap eldest sister this situation.

　　客观条件——奶水不足等问题，成了产妇想实施纯母乳喂养而未得、未能完全实现的重大屏障。卫生部在今年世界母乳喂养周媒体倡导会上表示，当前我国出生后6个月内的婴儿纯母乳喂养率仅30%，远低于《中国儿童发展纲要》确定的50%的目标。

Objective conditions, problems such as insufficient milk,Become mothers want to implement pure breastfeeding and did not have to/Failed to fulfill the great barrier.The ministry of health in this year's world breastfeeding week media advocate said at the meeting,The current our country was born six months after baby pure breastfeeding rate of only 30%,Far below[The program for the development of Chinese children]The 50% target set by the.

催乳师行业资格认证标准不一 Lactation division profession qualification authentication standard differ

　　产妇们存在的困扰却让一部分人找到了工作的方向。催乳师这个行业在待产或者已生产的人群圈子里不是什么新鲜事儿。怀孕7个多月、准备母乳喂养的张小姐就表示，如果奶水不足，自己肯定会考虑请催乳师。

The maternal existing problems but let some people found the direction of work.Lactation teacher the profession in labor or already production crowd circles is not what fresh business.Seven months pregnant/Ready to breastfeeding miss zhang said,If milk shortage,I must be will consider please lactation division.

　　实际上，催乳师这个行业也是近些年才蓬勃兴起的。在母乳喂养的过程中，妈妈们多少会遇到一些难题，奶水不足仅是其中重要的一方面。

In fact,Lactation teacher this industry is only in recent years has arisen.In the process of breastfeeding,The mother how much will encounter some problems,Milk shortage is one important aspect of only.

　　黑龙江康馨催乳公司是较早跨入此行业的企业，公司客服人员告诉笔者：“母乳喂养的产妇一般都会有或多或少的问题，不仅包括没奶、少奶，还有产后涨奶、乳房内有肿块等问题也需要催乳师的帮忙，市场前景还是可观的。”

Heilongjiang KangXin lactation company is the earlier into this industry enterprise,Company customer service staff told the author:"Breastfeeding mothers generally will have more or less problem,Not only includes no milk/Less milk,And postpartum up with milk/There were problems such as breast mass also need lactation t help,Market prospect is considerable."

　　笔者了解到，催乳师一般按次收取费用，每次服务最少40分钟至1个小时。黑龙江、山东等地的催奶师成功服务一次收费300元左右，北京的市场行情则为300元~1000元不等。

The author understands,Lactation division generally charge according to time,Each service at least 40 minutes to an hour.heilongjiang/Shandong, stimulate the secretion of milk division successful service a one-time payment of 300 yuan,Beijing market is 300 yuan - 1000 yuan.

　　康馨催乳公司不仅提供催乳服务，还对外招收学员，“学费是每人8000元，可现场观摩学习，直到学会为止。”而问及判断“学会与否”的标准时，客服人员说：“什么时候认为自己技术成熟，可以独立操作、处理好问题时就可以结束培训期。”

KangXin lactation company not only provides lactation service,Also foreign students,"Tuition fee is RMB 8000 per person,The study can be watching,Until he learns them."And asked about judgment"Learn or not"standard,The personnel of the service said:"When did you think you mature technology,Can independent operation/Deal with problems could finish the training period."

　　由于没有列入国家人力资源部门的相关档案，催乳师实际上算不上一个“职业”，只能称它为“行业”，而该行业中的资格认定则更是显得有些混乱，缺乏统一的标准。

Since there is no listed in the national human resources department related files,Lactation t actually is not a"professional",Can only call it"industry",But the industry is the qualification is some confusion,The lack of uniform standards.

　　北京福美家月嫂公司为顾客提供“催乳”服务，笔者在公司门面上，看到其提供的专业母乳喂养咨询服务师的资格证，发证单位是中国家庭文化研究会和中国国际人才开发中心。

Beijing blessing on the beautiful under the company to provide customers with"lactation"service,The author in the company on appearance,See the provide professional breastfeeding advisory services division's certificate,License issuing unit is a Chinese family culture research association and China international talent development center.

　　而北京真邦乳宝公司工作人员告诉笔者，公司催乳师持有的资格证，是国家人力资源和社会保障部下设的就业指导中心颁发的。该公司的催乳师为顾客上门服务时，都会携带自己的催乳师资格证。

And the Beijing really bond milk treasure company staff told the author,The company lactation t hold certificate,Is the national human resources and social security under the employment guidance center to issue.The company's lactation division for the customer when the door-to-door service,Will carry their own lactation teacher certificate.

　　曾做过催乳师的朱阿姨刚刚转行做美容业。“有些催乳师手中拿的是按摩师的资格证”，她透露说，很多催乳师并没有供职于专业的公司，其客源多是靠曾经顾客的推荐和自己的宣传，也有部分催乳师和月嫂公司联合，锁定双方一致的目标群体。

Had done lactation division and aunt just turned to do the beauty industry."Some lactation division is hand massage certificate",She revealed,A lot of lactation division and not worked for the professional company,The more tourists by once the customer's recommended and their propaganda,There are some lactation division and month sister-in-law companies,Lock the two sides of the target group.

　　不同的资格证名称、不同的发证机关，手持各种各样凭证的人们实质上都在做着“催乳师”的工作，这使得有需求的产妇们即便索取相关证件，也难于辨别真伪和优劣。

Different certificate name/Different license issuing organ,Hand various documents of people in essence are doing"Lactation division"work,This makes the demand of the parturient women are even for relevant certificates,It is hard to distinguish authenticity and fit and unfit quality.

　　“住院期间，我们医院的医生、护士会对产妇进行关于母乳喂养的指导，并提供热线咨询，”张晓红主任说，“我并不太认同所谓的‘催乳师’，母乳的分泌存在个体的差异，‘催乳师’一定程度上是一种概念的炒作，抓住了人们焦急的心理。实际上，护士比大部分‘催乳师’更有经验”。

"During be in hospital,Our hospital doctor/The nurse will maternal about breastfeeding guidance,And provide hotline,"ZhangXiaoGong director said,"I do not agree with the so-called‘Lactation division’,The production of milk individual differences exist,‘Lactation division’A certain extent is a concept of the hype,Caught people anxious psychology.In fact,The nurse than most‘Lactation division’More experienced".

　奶粉违规销售时有发生 Milk powder illegal sales happen from time to tome

　　《母乳代用品销售管理办法》明确规定，“医疗卫生保健机构及其人员不得向孕妇和婴儿家庭宣传母乳代用品，不得将产品提供给孕妇和婴儿母亲。”

[Administrative measures for the sales of breastmilk substitutes]Specific provision,"Medical and health care institutions and their staff shall not to pregnant women and infants family propaganda breast milk substitute,Shall not provide products for pregnant women and infants mother."

　　笔者暗中走访了北京妇产医院、玛丽妇婴医院及煤炭总医院妇产科，三家均未发现向孕妇推荐奶粉的情况，玛丽妇婴医院建议产妇提前自备少量奶粉，虽然医院提供备用奶粉，也是以备不时之需——没有母乳等情况。

The author secretly visited Beijing maternity hospital/Mary penetration in the hospital and coal general hospital department of gynaecology and obstetrics,Three were not found that pregnant women to recommend the milk powder,Mary penetration in the hospital advice maternity advance own a small amount of milk powder,Although the hospital to provide spare milk powder,Also for a rainy day -- no breast milk, etc.

　　煤炭总医院的医护人员告诉笔者：“现在都是提倡母乳喂养，孕妇生产后一般会自然分泌乳汁，不用提前准备奶粉，母乳要是有不足等问题，再买奶粉也不迟”。

Coal general hospital to tell the author of health care workers:"Now it is to advocate breastfeeding,Pregnant women after production will generally natural lactate,Don't advance preparation milk powder,Breast milk if there are such problems as the limited,Buy milk powder is not late also".

　　然而并非所有的医院都能如此按规定办事，刘女士选择在广东佛山的一家医院生产，虽然医院也宣传过母乳喂养的好处，但当她生产后，医院还是立即给她送了免费奶粉，她介绍说：“有小瓶装，有罐装的，都是大众品牌”。笔者在宝宝树、丫丫网等育儿领域的知名网站注意到不少妈妈反映，医院会在孕妇生产后赠送奶粉。

But not all of the hospital can so by the book,Liu selection in guangdong foshan hospital production,Although hospital propaganda also had the benefits of breastfeeding,But when she after production,The hospital was immediately sent to her free milk powder,She said:"A miniature,Have canned,Is the public brand".The author in the baby tree/Ya ya and parenting areas of famous website notice a lot of mother reflect,The hospital will be in pregnant women give milk powder production.

　　尽管有关规定指出，不得对6月龄之内的母乳代用品进行促销，但实际遵循情况并不理想。

Although relevant provisions pointed out,Not to within 6 months breastmilk substitutes for promotion,But the actual situation is not ideal to follow.

　　在家乐福国展店，笔者看到2段(6—12个月宝宝适用)、3段(1—3岁适用)的罐装奶粉在做大幅度的满百减免活动，当笔者提出想要购买1段奶粉(0—6个月宝宝适用)时，导购热情地介绍某款产品：“这个最近已经降价销售了，如果你买的话，我还可以送你赠品。”说着，导购打开货品储藏柜，拿出了承诺的赠品——婴儿游戏毯和玩具组合。而另一知名品牌也同样做着促销的行为。

In both carrefour stores,The author sees two sections(6-12 months for the baby)/3 section(1-3 years old is)Canned milk powder in do greatly full the relief activities,When the author want to buy 1 period of milk powder(0-6 months for the baby)when,Shopping guide enthusiastically introduced a product:"This has recently been the sales prices,If you buy it,I can give you gifts."said,Promotions specialist open goods storage tank,Take out a promise gifts - baby game blanket and toys combination.Another famous brand is also doing the sales promotion behavior.

　　职场妈妈母乳喂养“困难重重” Workplace mother breastfeeding"difficulties"

　　今年4月18日，国务院第200次常务会议通过了《女职工劳动保护特别规定》，其中第九条规定：“对哺乳未满1周岁婴儿的女职工，用人单位不得延长劳动时间或者安排夜班劳动。用人单位应当在每天的劳动时间内为哺乳期女职工安排1小时哺乳时间；女职工生育多胞胎的，每多哺乳1个婴儿每天增加1小时哺乳时间。”

This April 18,,200 the state council executive meeting passed[Female worker labor protection special provisions],The provisions of article 9:"Lactation to the female worker of baby of 1 one full year of life,The employing unit shall not extend labor time or arrange to work night shifts.The employing units shall, in everyday work time for lactation female worker arrange lactation time 1 hour;Female worker is borne of multiple births,Every many lactation a baby increase every day 1 hour lactation time."

　　实际上，在职场中，生育和喂养的天职让很多职场妈妈感受到更多的压力。在休完产假后，绝大多数妈妈选择尽快重返职场，关于喂养时间并不能绝对保证。根据调查，企业很少会主动提供哺乳的时间，职场妈妈也是难于开口要求。

In fact,On-the-job field,Birth and feeding calling let a lot of workplace mother feel more pressure.Is it right after maternity leave,The vast majority of mother choice back to work as soon as possible,About feeding time and we can't really assure.According to investigation,Enterprise will seldom offer lactation time,Workplace mother is also difficult to open requirements.

　　郭女士供职于北京一家科技产品销售公司，她的女儿已经快6个月大了。现在她早已回到了工作岗位，郭女士告诉笔者，自己不知道有关于“哺乳时间”的规定，也没见过公司有人享受过这样的待遇。“毕竟找一份合适的工作不容易，总向老板提要求不好。”郭女士说。

Ms kuo worked in a Beijing science and technology products sales company,Her daughter has quick 6 months old.Now she had returned to work,Guo woman told the author,I don't know about"Lactation time"regulations,Also haven't seen someone of the company enjoyed such treatment."After all, to find a suitable job is not easy,Always ask the boss asked is bad."Ms kuo said.

　　《规定》还指出：女职工比较多的用人单位应当根据女职工的需要，建立女职工卫生室、孕妇休息室、哺乳室等设施，妥善解决女职工在生理卫生、哺乳方面的困难。但从当前执行现状来看，达到这个目标还有待时日。

[provisions]Also pointed out that:Female worker more the employing unit shall, according to the needs of the female worker,Establish female worker clinic/Pregnant woman room/Nursing room facilities,Properly solve the female worker is in physical health/Feeding difficulties.But from the currently executing current situation,To achieve this goal remains to be time.

　　实际上，不仅单位、企业难以提供良好的条件，很多公共场所也相对缺乏喂养环境。笔者调查了解，国内火车站一般建有母婴候车室，如北京站、北京西站等，这给母乳喂养带来方便。然而地铁、公园等人口密集、流动性大的公共场所却罕见母婴休息室等服务设施。

In fact,Unit not only/Enterprise hard to provide a good condition,Many public places is relatively lack of feeding environment.The author investigated understanding,Domestic railway station with general maternal and infant waiting room,Such as the Beijing railway station/Beijing west railway station, etc,This bring convenience to breastfeeding.However the subway/Park and other densely populated/Liquidity big public places but rare maternal and child room and other service facilities.

　　公共环境没有提供优雅的庇护场所，选择母乳喂养的妈妈们难免遇到这种那种尴尬。母乳喂养小则关系宝宝的健康成长，大则关乎一个国家的人口素质，实在不应小觑。(实习生 张春波)

Do not provide public environment elegant shelter,Choose the breastfeeding mothers unavoidably meet this kind of awkwardness.Breastfeeding relationship is small baby healthy growth,Is about a country's population quality,It should not be underestimated.(Interns ZhangChunBo)