6类含麻黄碱药品必须凭医院处方购买 6 class containing ephedrine drugs must be in hospital prescription to buy

国家因何对部分感冒药限售？ Because of some countries how cold limited sales?

　　部分感冒药的监管让有关部门挠头不已。

Part of the supervision of the cold medicine for the relevant departments at the head.

　　本月6日，国家食品药品监督管理局发布公告称，对氯雷伪麻缓释片、复方盐酸伪麻黄碱缓释胶囊、氨酚氯雷伪麻缓释片、那敏伪麻胶囊、扑尔伪麻片和复方布洛伪麻缓释片的说明书进行了核准，并于日前发布。按照修订后的说明书，这6类药品从非处方药变成处方药。

This month 6,,State food and drug administration issued said,To chlorine thunder pseudo hemp 53:25/Compound pseudoephedrine hydrochloride sustained-release capsules/Ammonia phenol chlorine thunder pseudo hemp 53:25/The sensitive pseudo hemp capsule/Robot's pseudo hemp slice and compound cloth los pseudo hemp 53:25 specifications for the approval,And in released.According to the revised specification,This 6 drugs from otc drug into prescription drugs.

　　早在今年9月4日，国家食品药品监督管理局、公安部、卫生部三部门即联合发布文件，将单位剂量麻黄碱含量超过30mg的复方制剂从非处方药转为处方药管理。

In early September 4,,State food and drug administration/The ministry of public security/The ministry of health is three departments jointly issued documents,The unit dose ephedrine content more than 30 mg of compound preparation from otc drug to prescription management.

　　一批知名品牌的感冒药就此成为严加管理的目标，康泰克胶囊等感冒药，将只能凭处方获得。

A number of well-known brands in the cold medicine be strict management goals,Contac capsule cold medicine,Will only get by prescription.

　　其实，在此之前，含麻黄碱药品已经经历了若干次的销售限制，从不限制购买数量到每人次只能购买五盒，再到每人次只能购买两盒，购买时需要登记姓名、身份证等。

In fact,Before this,Contain ephedrine drugs have experienced several sales limit,Never buy limit amount to each time can only buy five box,To each time can only buy two box,When buying need to register the name/Id card, etc.

严格管理是好是坏 Strict management is good or bad

　对普通感冒患者来说，含麻黄碱药品能缓解症状，但十余年来，总有人利用这些药品提炼冰毒。正是这类药品让监管部门头疼。 To the common cold for patients,Contain ephedrine drug can relieve symptoms,But ten years,Someone use of these drugs refining methamphetamine.It is this kind of drug let regulators have a headache.

　　2011年，公安部、国家食品药品监督管理局曾联合召开会议，将国内近百家生产含麻黄碱药品的生产企业召集起来，讨论这个问题。

In 2011,,The ministry of public security/State food and drug administration has held a joint meeting,Will the domestic nearly hundred production contain ephedrine pharmaceutical producing enterprises together,To discuss the problem.

　　据当时参加会议的一名代表透露，监管部门对数次出现的利用含麻黄碱药品提炼冰毒的案件非常恼火，要求这些生产企业严格销售行为。

According to at that time to attend the meeting to a representative said,The supervision department of the use of several appear containing ephedrine drug refining methamphetamine case very annoyed,Request the production enterprise strictly sales behavior.

　　“在公安部看来，每家药厂每年的药品销售都是有数的，如果某段时间含麻黄碱药品销售出现大幅增加，一定有问题，但企业却只管销售，不管这些药品流向何处。”这位代表告诉记者，这类药品本身并不是毒品，但被人利用来制造毒品，监管非常不容易。

"In the ministry of public security seems to,Each pharmaceutical factory annual drug sales are the several,If a period of time containing ephedrine drugs reported a big increase in sales,There must be,But the enterprise but just sell,No matter where the drug flow."The representative told reporters,This kind of medicine itself is not drugs,But be use to make drug,Supervision is very not easy.

　　在正常的疾病治疗中，麻黄碱能起到有效的治疗作用，并不会导致成瘾性、致幻性。在我国，麻黄的使用超过千年，古代医书曾认为麻黄是“伤寒解肌第一药”，对感冒有着非常好的疗效。

In normal disease treatment,Ephedrine can have effective treatment effect,Will not lead to addiction/Hallucinogenic sex.In our country,Ephedra use more than one thousand years,The ancient books, thought ephedra is"Typhoid solution muscle first medicine",To the cold has a very good curative effect.

　　但是，将感冒药中的麻黄碱提纯，并使之与盐酸等进行反应，却有可能制造出冰毒。在江苏破获的毒品案件中，毒品制造者用简单的仪器就做到了这一点，虽然纯度不高。

but,Will the cold ephedrine purification,And to that of the hydrochloric acid and so on reaction,Could make methamphetamine.In jiangsu unearthed drug cases,Drug makers use simple instrument is doing it,Although the purity is not high.

　　这样一来，对这类药品的管理就处在一个两难的境地。就像菜刀，正常功能是用来切菜，但有人买来行凶，是否因此要对所有的刀具都进行严格限制管理？

so,For this kind of drug management is in a dilemma.Like kitchen knife,Normal function is used to cut food,But some people buy the loose,If therefore to all of the tool are strictly limited management?

　　在数起毒品案件后，含麻黄碱药品被一步步限制销售。

In several drugs after the case,Contain ephedrine drugs limited sales step by step.

　　“现在把单位剂量在30mg以上的含麻黄碱药品改为处方药，降低了犯罪分子用来制毒的可能。”卫生部全国合理用药监测网专家孙忠实告诉中国青年报记者，这些药品改为处方药后，获得的难度增加，而如果用30mg以下的药品进行提炼，生产成本又会大幅增加。但是，如果还是有人要冒这个险，那就很难有办法控制了。

"Now the unit dose in more than 30 mg containing ephedrine drugs to prescription drugs,Reduce the criminals to the possibility of manufacturing."The ministry of health the rational drug use monitoring network experts sun faithful told China youth daily reporter,These drugs to the prescription drugs,For the difficulty of the increase,And if you use 30 mg the following drugs for refining,The cost of production and will be greatly increased.but,If there are still take the risk,It will be difficult to have a way to control the.

　　对药品生产企业来说，可能并不会有实质影响。“以前是非处方药，主要在药店销售，大家的竞争很激烈，价格会不断压低，现在变成处方药，主要在医院销售，价格反倒有可能稳定下来，药厂的实际销售额可能并不会降低。”一家药厂的工作人员说。

A pharmaceutical production enterprise to it,May not have substantial effect."Before is a prescription medicine,Major in pharmacy sales,Everybody is very competitive,The price will continue down,Now becomes prescription drugs,The main sales in the hospital,But the price may have stabilized,Pharmaceutical factory actual sales may not reduce."A pharmaceutical factory staff said.

　　但是，对那些需要这些药品的普通患者来说，这意味着越来越不方便。很多人有疑问：用了多年的感冒药，有必要这么限制吗？

but,For those who need these drugs for ordinary patients,This means that less and less convenient.A lot of people have doubts:With years of cold medicine,So it is necessary to limit?

　　在孙忠实看来，对部分含麻黄碱的药品进行严格管理，从社会影响上来看是好事，但从患者的角度来看，造成使用上的不方便。

The sun seems to be faithful,For part of the pharmaceuticals containing ephedrine strict management,From the social impact point of view is good,But from the point of view of patients,Cause the inconvenient to use.

　　在国内循证药学权威、四川大学华西第二医院药学部主任张伶俐看来，将这些感冒药转为处方药管理可在流通环节对制毒渠道进行遏制，方便对此类药品的流向进行监管，一旦出现异常，司法机关可及时采取行动。

In the domestic evidence-based medicine authority/Sichuan university, west China second hospital medicine division director zhang seems to be clever,Will these cold medicine prescription management to the circulation link to restrain such channels,Convenient for the flow of this kinds of drug supervision,Once appear abnormal,Judicial organs can timely action.

　　“我完全赞同国家药监局对此的态度和举措。”张伶俐说，我国2000年开始实施的药品分类管理制度在很大程度上方便了百姓对感冒、咳嗽、消化不良、头痛、发热等常见病的自我治疗，但必须明确的是，药物风险管理因思考角度不同，风险可接受程度和范围也不同。比起麻黄碱类药品可制造冰毒的严重潜在风险，国家严格监控管理这个药品的销售，是保障公众健康的重要举措。

"I totally agree with this country, the administration's attitude and action."A clever said,China began in 2000 drug classification management system in the lavatory greatly the people catch a cold/cough/indigestion/headache/Fever is a common self treatment,But must be clear is,Drug risk management for thinking from different angles,Risk acceptable degree and range is also different.Compared with ephedrine drugs can manufacture methamphetamine serious potential risk,National strict monitoring and management of the drug sales,Public health is the guarantee of the important measures.

　　从美国的经验来看，似乎将含麻黄碱药品转成处方药管理更有效果。张伶俐告诉记者，2006年美国联邦司法部对含麻黄碱药品做出限制销售之后，冰毒不良事件仅在起初得到控制，之后急剧增加，从2007年的6095件增加到2010年的11239件。但美国的俄勒冈州将伪麻黄碱恢复为处方药后，冰毒实验室事件从2005年的190件减少到2010年的12件。密西西比州在实施同样做法后，非法生产冰毒数量大幅降低。

From the experience,Seems to contain ephedrine drug into prescription management more effective.A clever told reporters,In 2006, the federal department of justice contain ephedrine drugs make restrictions after sales,Methamphetamine adverse events in the beginning only under control,Increased dramatically after,From 2007 in 6095 increased to 2010 in 11239.But American Oregon will pseudoephedrine recovery after for prescription drugs,Methamphetamine laboratory events from 2005 in 190 to reduce to 2010 years of the 12 pieces.Mississippi in the implementation of the same after practice,Illegal production meth quantity greatly reduced.

　　“目前，美国的阿拉巴马州、密苏里、内华达、俄克拉何马州和田纳西州也在考虑是否将其划入处方药中。”张伶俐说。

"At present,Alabama/Missouri/Nevada/Oklahoma and Tennessee is considering whether to delimit the prescription drugs in."A clever said.