接连两起校园伤人案，令“精神病患肇事”如乌云般聚拢在公众心头。

There are two campus hurt the case,make"Mental patients hit and"Such as dark clouds, gathered in the public mind.

　　12月14日，河南光山县一乡村小学22名学生被砍伤，嫌犯闵拥军被媒体爆出“疑似患有精神病”；同日，在大洋彼岸的美国康涅狄格州，28人在一起震惊世界的校园枪击案中丧生，而嫌犯亚当·兰扎被警方证实患有亚自闭症，时常“神经质、粗暴”，曾接受过药物治疗。

On December 14,,Henan the guangshan county rural primary school students a 22 cuts,The suspect was MinYongJun by the media"Suspected with psychosis";On the same day,In the ocean the other shore of Connecticut in the United States,And people together shocked the world campus shootings killed,And Adam gadahn, lanza suspects police confirmed with the autism,often"neurotic/rough",Had drug therapy.

　　由精神疾病而致行凶，似乎正在演变为某种“全球病”。

Mental illness caused by loose,Seems to be evolution for some"Global disease".

　　“在我国，各类精神障碍患者保守估计有1亿人以上，其中1600万是重性精神病患者，而其中又有约10%有肇事肇祸行为及危险。”北京大学精神卫生研究所副所长唐宏宇告诉中国青年报记者，但由于缺乏一套规范、连续的治疗和管理体系，相当一部分“散落民间”，成为威胁社会公共安全的“非定时炸弹”。

"In our country,All kinds of patients with mental disorders conservative estimates that more than 100 million people,16 million of them were heavy psychosis patient,And among them and about 10% have hit and cause an accident and dangerous behavior."Peking University institute of mental health TangHongYu deputy director told China youth daily reporter,But due to the lack of a set of guidelines/Continuous treatment and management system,Quite part of"Scatter folk",Become a threat to public safety"The time bomb".

　　类似“炸弹”，还在一般心理障碍人群中蔓延。

similar"bomb",Also in the general psychological disorder the crowd spread.

　　“不论对民间所说的‘武疯子’（即高危精神病人——记者注）还是一般的心理障碍者，一套从家庭到社区、从医院到公安的社会网络化干预机制，都是化解危机的最佳手段。”中国人民公安大学犯罪心理学教授李玫瑾分析。

"No matter what to folk‘Armed madman’(Namely high-risk mental patient - reporter note)Or the general psychological disorder,A set of from family to the community/From the hospital to the public security of social networking intervention mechanism,Is the best way to resolve the crisis."The Chinese people's public security university criminal psychology professor LiMeiJin analysis.

　　但中国青年报记者发现，这一网络在我国，只能称作“蹒跚起步”。

But the China youth daily reporter discovery,The network in our country,Can only be called"Staggering start".

　　

约160万精神病患有肇事肇祸行为及危险 About 1.6 million psychiatric have hit and cause an accident and dangerous behavior

　　“精神病患肇事”，近年对中国公众而言，已不是一个新词。

"Mental patients hit and",In recent years in China in terms of the public,Is not a new word.

　　11月29日，天津中医药大学第一附属医院医生康红千被患者用斧头砍死，嫌犯王某被证实“中度抑郁发作”，曾“有受害幻想”；9月21日，上海外滩2名女子无端被刺丧生，凶手万某被证实有精神病史；去年3月“机场刺母案”的嫌犯汪某，被司法机关鉴定患有精神分裂症……

On November 29,,The first affiliated hospital of tianjin university of Chinese medicine doctor KangGongQian by patients die with an axe,Suspect wang mou was confirmed"Moderate depression attack",had"Have suffer fantasy";On September 21,,The bund 2 woman killed for no reason was stabbed,The murderer was confirmed WanMou there's a history of insanity;Last march"Airport thorn mother case"WangMou the suspect,By the judicial organ identification with schizophrenia...

　　这仅仅是全国闻名的事例。

This is only the national famous case.

　　央视新闻调查2011年统计显示：精神病人暴力事件每年造成的严重肇事案件超过万起。

CCTV news survey 2011 statistics show:The mental patient violence annually cause serious accident cases more than all up.

　　“目前，我国各类精神疾病患者保守估计在1亿人以上，其中重性精神病患者约1600万人，抑郁症患者已达3000万人，17岁以下儿童、青少年中有情绪障碍和行为问题的约3000万人，精神疾病已成为我国严重的公共卫生和社会问题。”中国医师协会精神科医师分会曾发布这组数字。

"At present,Of China's various types of mental illness patients in conservative estimates more than 100 million people,The heavy psychosis patient of about 16 million people,Patients with depression has reached 30 million,Children under the age of 17/Teenagers have mood disorders and behavior problems of about 30 million people,Mental illness has become China's serious public health and social problems."The Chinese medical doctor association psychiatrist has issued a branch of this group of Numbers.

　　唐宏宇证实，截至最近，这组数据“没有明显变化”。

TangHongYu confirmed,The recent,This group of data"No obvious change".

　　北京回龙观医院副院长王绍礼还告诉中国青年报记者，回龙观医院在全国四个省对1.2亿人做的抽样调查显示，各类精神障碍总的患病率已达17.5%。

Beijing huilongguan hospital, vice President of the China youth daily WangShaoLi also told reporters,Huilongguan hospital four provinces in the country of 120 million people do sampling survey,The prevalence of mental disorders has reached 17.5%.

　　中国似乎正在迈入“精神疾病大国”。

China seems to be entering"Mental illness power".

　　“像焦虑症、抑郁症等比较轻的心理障碍，人群患病率分别是5.7%和3%～6%，而精神分裂症等重性精神疾病，能占到总人口的近1%。”王绍礼说，“后者的临床表现是：有严重的幻觉、妄想，行为紊乱，有的甚至完全丧失了自控和社会约束能力。”

"Like anxiety/Depression, and the lighter psychological disorder,The crowd rates were 5.7% and 3% ~ 6%,Schizophrenia and other heavy sexual mental illness,Can account for nearly 1% of the total population."WangShaoLi said,"The clinical manifestations of the latter is:Has serious illusion/delusion,Behavior disorders,Some even completely lost the ability to control and social constraints."

　　媒体报道显示，上述重性精神病患若“放任自流”，将威胁到社会公共安全。“因为约10%的重性精神病患，具有肇事肇祸行为及危险。”唐宏宇表示。

Media reports,The weight of the mentally ill if"Let slide",The threat to the social public security."Because about 10% of the weight of the mentally ill,Has hit and cause an accident and dangerous behavior."TangHongYu said.

　　法制网曾刊文提到：我国精神病人实际肇事肇祸发生率约为30%，其中杀人放火发生率约为2.5%，其他危害社会治安发生率约为19%。据《瞭望》新闻周刊报道，北京安定医院精神疾病司法鉴定科通过对1515例精神病刑事鉴定案分析后发现，侵犯人身、侵犯财产和妨害社会管理秩序是精神病患“排名前三”的肇事肇祸行为，占94.1%。如果精神分裂症实施社会危害行为，发生人身伤害事件的可能性将会在50%以上。

Legal network has KanWen mentioned:Mental patients in our country actual hit and cause an accident rate is about 30%,The incidence of murder and arson is about 2.5%,Other harm social security rate is about 19%.According to[lookout]Newsweek reported,Beijing hospital stability of mental illness through judicial authentication department of 1515 patients with psychosis criminal appraisal case analysis found that,Infringement of personal/Infringement of property and the breach of social management order is mental patients"Ranked in the top three"Hit-and-run cause trouble behavior,Accounted for 94.1%.If schizophrenia implement social harm behavior,The possibility of injuries occur in more than 50%.

　　“社会转型时期，诱发精神疾病的因素增多。不止重性精神病患可能危害公共安全，个人的一点挫折，也可能点燃一般心理障碍者的‘炸药包’。”李玫瑾告诉中国青年报记者。

"In the period of social transformation,Induced mental illness factors increase.More than double sex mental patients may endanger public security,Personal little setbacks,May also lit up the general psychological disorder‘charge’."LiMeiJin told China youth daily reporter.

　　从她的经验判断，2010年前后，因精神疾病而引发的杀亲、滥杀的案件在持续增加。“就国内外总体情况看，在重大刑事案件中，有约1/10的案犯多少在心理或人格上有些问题。”

From her experience judgment,Before and after 2010,Because of mental illness and death caused by the kiss/The case of the killing in increasing."Is the overall situation at home and abroad to see,In the major criminal cases,How about 1/10 of the criminal in psychological or personality on some problems."

　　王绍礼认为，这部分人看似“正常人”，如果不加以干预，同样可能是公共安全隐患。

WangShaoLi think,This part of the people may look"normal",If not be intervention,The same may be public safety hidden trouble.

　　

医院难以收全“非定时炸弹” The hospital is difficult to accept all"The time bomb"

　　接连发生的恶性事件引发公众担忧，而《刑法》第18条又特别规定：“精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果，经法定程序鉴定确认的，不负刑事责任。”

The ensuing malignant events trigger public concern,and[Criminal law]Article eighteenth and special provisions:"Mental patient is unable to recognize or unable to control their behavior when the harmful results,The legal procedure of identified,He shall not bear criminal responsibility."

　　“一个精神状态异常的人，平时谁来发现和干预？一个人若犯了罪，是不是自称精神病就能免责？”不少网民质疑，目前，社会对精神病患处于“事前没人管，事后管不了”的尴尬状态。

"A mental state abnormalities,Who at ordinary times to find and intervention?If a person SINS,Isn't claim to mental illness can exceptions?"Many netizens question,At present,Society for psychiatric patients in"Prior nobody tube,Afterwards the tube"Awkward condition.

　　李玫瑾告诉记者，在判定这部分人的刑事责任前，司法机关会对其进行精神鉴定，“根据其作案行为来断定‘是否有辨认或控制能力’，如果作案时上述能力均正常，嫌犯一样要承担刑事责任。”

LiMeiJin told reporters,In the decision of the former criminal responsibility,Judicial organs will carry on the spirit appraisal,"According to its crime behavior to determine‘If there is a recognition or control ability’,If the crime the ability when all normal,As the suspect to bear criminal responsibility."

　　但媒体报道却显示，近4成精神病患作案时确实“控制能力缺乏”。“可见，相比案发后‘亡羊补牢’，不如事先做好治疗和监管，尤其是治疗——它是最好的预防手段。”唐宏宇说，但当前精神病患的就医情况“很不乐观”。

But media reports have indicated that,Nearly four into mental patients when crime really"Control ability of"."visible,After compared the‘Better late than never’,As prior to treatment and supervision,Especially in the treatment, it is the best preventive measures."TangHongYu said,But the current situation of the mental patients go to a doctor"Is not optimistic".

　　王绍礼给记者提供了这样一组数字：根据对1.2亿人群的调查，以精神分裂症为主的精神病性障碍中，有约27.6%“从未接受过任何治疗”，有12%“仅求助于非精神科医生”，总体就医率仅有60%。

WangShaoLi to reporter provides such a number:According to the survey of 120 million people,With schizophrenia primarily in psychiatric disorder,About 27.6%"Never received any treatment",12%"Only turn to the psychiatrist",General medical treatment rate is only 60%.

　　“而除精神分裂症以外的其他精神疾病患，九成以上没有主动就医。”他说。

"And in addition to schizophrenia other than those with mental illness,More than ninety percent no active go to a doctor."He said.

　　即便对民间口中需要强制住院的“武疯子”而言，病床和医生数缺口也是绕不过去的坎儿。

Even the folk mouth in hospital need to force"Armed madman"in,Bed and the doctor number gap is not the past KanEr around.

　　今年10月刚颁布的《精神卫生法》第30条规定：当就诊者被诊断为严重精神障碍患者，并且已经发生伤害自身/他人安全的行为，或者有伤害自身/危害他人安全的危险时，要对其实行住院治疗。

In October this year just issued[Mental health legislation]Provisions of article 30:When issued diagnosed as having a severe mental disorder patients,And has happened hurt their own and others safety behavior,Or have hurt their own/endanger the safety of others at risk,To implement the hospitalization.

　　但2012年中国卫生统计提要显示，全国精神科病床在2011年仅21万余张，占全部病床数的不足6%。“据世界卫生组织评估，每万人口的精神病床数最低要求是1.48张，我们连最低配置都没有达到。”王绍礼说，“此外，目前全国精神科医生只有两万人左右，每10万人的精神科医生数的世界平均水平是4.15个，而我们的全国平均水平仅1.46个。”

But in 2012, the Chinese health statistics summary display,The national psychiatric hospital bed in 2011 only 210000 copies,The total number of beds are less than 6%."According to the world health organization assessment,Per population spirit bed number minimum requirements is 1.48 a,We even have not reached the minimum configuration."WangShaoLi said,"In addition,At present the psychiatrist only about twenty thousand people,Every 100000 people's psychiatrist number of the world's average level is 4.15,And our national average level is only 1.46."

　　这一切意味着，即便是重性精神病患者中，也只有极少数能住院治疗。记者按一年出入精神科医院80万人次估算，超过9成的重性精神病患者“散落民间”。

All this means that,Even heavy psychosis patients,Only a few can hospitalization.According to the reporter a psychiatric hospital in and out of the 800000 passengers estimation,More than nine into heavy psychosis patient"Scatter folk".