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原标题：与生俱来的“抗艾”武器 Original title:inherent"Resistance to ai"weapons

随着对艾滋病研究的深入，研究人员已经发现了一些人体原本就存在的对付HIV非常有效的武器 With the deepening of the research of AIDS,Researchers have found that some of the human body originally existing against HIV very effective weapon

　　尽管艾滋病的“元凶”——人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)狡猾多变，但“魔高一尺，道高一丈”——人体免疫系统有应对它攻击的一套办法。其实这些本领是与生俱来的，只是现在并没有被完全认识和挖掘出来。随着对艾滋病研究的深入，现在，研究人员已经从基因、免疫细胞和抗体等方面发现了一些人体原本就存在的对付HIV非常有效的武器。

Although HIV/AIDS"prime"- human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)Cunning changeable,but"Virtue dwarfs vice,DaoGaoYiZhang"- the body's immune system to attack it has a set of measures.Actually these abilities is innate,Just now and is not fully understanding and dug out.With the deepening of the research of AIDS,now,Researchers have from gene/Immune cells and antibodies found some aspects of human body originally existing against HIV very effective weapon.

　　2000年，在德国任翻译的美国人蒂莫西·雷·布朗同时患上两种病——白血病和艾滋病。2007年，在移植造血干细胞治疗白血病时，竟意外治愈了布朗的艾滋病，从而使其成为世界上首个艾滋病治愈者。布朗能够痊愈的原因，就是在移植骨髓时意外获得了一种能抗御HIV的CCR5变异基因。

In 2000,,In Germany for translation of americans timothy ray brown also suffer from two kinds of disease, leukemia and AIDS.In 2007,,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of leukemia,But accident cured brown's HIV/AIDS,So as to make it become the world's first AIDS healer.Brown can well reason,Bone marrow transplantation is in when he accidentally got a HIV and CCR5 mutant gene.

　　很早以前研究人员就发现，CCR5变异基因可能阻止HIV在人体细胞中的复制，从而能延缓发病，甚至可治愈艾滋病。其科学原理在于，艾滋病毒入侵人体时，必须先与CCR5受体结合，再进入T细胞蛰伏起来，经过一段时间的酝酿和复制，病毒数量增加到一定临界点，才开始大举进攻人体。这时免疫系统只能抑制病毒复制，没有能力清除HIV。到了后期，在经过一番较量之后，免疫系统会消亡殆尽，大获全胜的病毒数量剧增，导致人们发病。

Long before the researchers found,CCR5 mutant gene may prevent HIV in human cells in duplicate,Thus can delay the onset,Even a cure for AIDS.The scientific principle is,The AIDS virus invasion of human body,Must first and CCR5 receptor binding,Before entering the T cell dormancy up,After a period of gestation and copy,Virus quantity increased to a certain critical point,Began to massive attack the human body.When the immune system can inhibit viral replication,Do not have the ability to remove HIV.The late,After a bout later,The immune system will die out,A great victory of the virus to flourish,Leads people to the.

　　但是，如果CCR5基因发生突变，就能把HIV进入T细胞的大门关闭，病毒不能与CCR5受体结合，只能留在血液中，也就只能等着被药物清除了。

but,If CCR5 gene mutations,You can make HIV into T cell door closed,The virus can't and CCR5 receptor binding,Can only stay in the blood,Also can only waiting to be drug cleared.

　　带有CCR5突变基因的人群极少，比如，只有10%的欧洲人群中带有CCR5变异基因，加上造血干细胞移植还要进行配型，因而，一般人能够像布朗一样不服药就能战胜艾滋病的几率极低。

CCR5 mutation with people rarely,Such as,Only 10% of the European people with CCR5 mutant gene,And hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will matches,so,The average person can not like brown medicine will be able to overcome the risk of HIV/AIDS very low.

　　研究人员也发现，一些感染了HIV的人并没有发病，还有一些感染了HIV并发病的人并没有用药，但其症状也没有随着时间的延长而恶化，这说明人体内的确有抗御艾滋病的机制，而CCR5变异基因只是其中的一种。

The researchers also found that,Some people infected with HIV and did not come on,There are some infected with HIV and the person is no use,But the symptoms are not with the extension of time and deterioration,This shows that the human body have and the mechanism of HIV/AIDS,And CCR5 mutant gene is just one of them.

　　感染了HIV却不发病的人在感染病毒的人群中大约占1/300，因此，这样的人被称为“精英控制者”。美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的大卫·沃特金斯研究小组就发现了一种人体抗御艾滋病的机制，这就是T细胞的作用。

Infected with HIV but not in the pathogenesis of the virus in the crowd about 1/300,so,Such people are called"Elite controllers".The university of Wisconsin, Madison David Watkins research team found a human body and the mechanism of HIV/AIDS,This is the role of T cells.

　　人体的T细胞是免疫系统中非常重要的一类细胞，又分为辅助性T淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD4+)和抑制性/细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD8+)。已有的研究发现， HIV入侵免疫T细胞，利用的是自身的包膜蛋白。对包膜蛋白的基因测序发现，它包含两大类包膜区：保守区与可变区。而人体内的免疫细胞能够通过识别HIV的不同包膜区，来杀伤和抗御HIV。

Human T cells of the immune system is very important in a cell,And divided into supplementary T lymphocyte(CD3 +/CD4 +)And inhibitory/cell toxicity T lymphocyte(CD3 +/CD8 +).The existing study found, HIV invasion of immune T cells,Use its envelope protein.On the envelope protein gene sequencing found,It contains two kinds of envelope area:Conservative area and variable area.And the body's immune cells are capable of by identifying HIV different envelope area,To kill and HIV resistance.

　　沃特金斯在研究患猴免疫缺陷综合征(即猴艾滋病)的猴子时发现，CD8+T细胞能让猴子变成“精英控制者。”虽然目前还不知道CD8+T细胞是如何通过识别包膜区特点来找出HIV的，但它对HIV的清除和抑制作用是明显的。正是通过这一途径，一些人不易感染HIV，或感染了HIV也会长期不发病。这一发现也意味着可以研发安全有效的艾滋病疫苗。

Watkins in research m& immune deficiency syndrome(Namely monkey AIDS)When the monkey found,CD8 + T cells can let the monkey becomes"Elite controllers."Although it is not know CD8 + T cells is how to through the identification envelope zone characteristics to find out HIV,But it to HIV removal and inhibition is obvious.It is through this way,Some people not easily infected with HIV,Or infected with HIV will not long-term disease.This finding also means that can develop safe and effective AIDS vaccine.

　　2010年，美国的研究人员发现，人体中有两种抗体能有效中和艾滋病病毒，从而阻止90%以上的HIV毒株入侵人体。这两种抗体就是VRC01和VRC02。它们能稳定地附着在T细胞的CD4部位，从而阻断病毒与T细胞的结合。

In 2010,,Researchers in the United States found,The human body has two kinds of antibody can effectively and the AIDS virus,To prevent HIV strain 90% or more of the invasion of the human body.These two kinds of antibody is VRC01 and VRC02.They can steadily adhere to the T cells CD4 parts,So as to block the virus and the combination of T cells.

　　但是，艾滋病病毒的变异非常快速。研究人员发现，有一些变异的艾滋病毒能躲开VRC01抗体的中和作用，从而入侵T细胞。美国洛克菲勒大学艾伦·戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心首席华裔科学家张林琦等人研究发现，HIV-1包膜蛋白的可变区域中有一个残基，能促进HIV逃避VRC01的中和作用。这个研究揭示了HIV-1包膜蛋白与VRC01抗体之间的相互作用机制，为研制药物和疫苗提供了线索。

but,The AIDS virus mutation is very fast.The researchers found that,There are some variation of the HIV virus can avoid VRC01 antibody neutralization,Thus the invasion of T cells.The Rockefeller university Alan diamond AIDS research center ZhangLinQi chief Chinese scientists, the study found,HIV - 1 envelope protein variable area have a residue,Can promote HIV VRC01 escape the neutralization.The study reveals the HIV - 1 envelope protein and VRC01 antibody interaction between mechanism,For the development of drugs and vaccines offer a clue.

　　人体抗御艾滋病的机理有很多，只要潜心探讨，最终会发现更多有效抗御艾滋病的方法。不久的将来，人类征服艾滋病将成为现实，而不只是一个梦想。(文/ 张田勘)

The human body and the mechanism of HIV/AIDS has a lot of,As long as discussed with,Eventually found more effective and the method of HIV/AIDS.The near future,The human conquest of AIDS will become a reality,And not just a dream.(Article/ZhangTian survey)