2011年，北京仍有31.3%的人几乎每天都接受被动吸烟。特别是政府大楼或政府办公室，每天暴露于被动吸烟的比例最高，为42.28%。昨天，记者从北京市爱卫会获悉，我国的烟酒文化助长了收送香烟的官场风气的同时，也对控烟工作造成不利影响。今年内，本市将启动百家无烟机关的打造工作，旨在从领导干部做起，带头控烟。

In 2011,,Beijing still have 31.3% of the people who accept passive smoking almost every day.Especially the government building or government offices,Every exposure to passive smoking the highest percentage,Is 42.28%.yesterday,Reporters from the Beijing municipal AiWeiHui learn,China's tobacco culture encourages the feeding cigarettes officialdom atmosphere at the same time,Also adversely affect on tobacco control work.In this year,The city will start hundred smokeless organs of building work,From the start to the leading cadres,Lead the smoke control.

　　□现状 - status

　　政府办公室超四成被动吸烟 Government offices over forty percent of passive smoking

　　抽样调查显示，近年来，本市男性居民吸烟率仍保持较高水平，近4年来都稳定在40.5%至41.5%之间。2011年，北京仍有31.3%的人几乎每天都接受被动吸烟，是2008年下降后的反弹。

Sampling survey,In recent years,The city residents men smoking is still at a higher level,Nearly four years are stable at between 40.5% and 41.5%.In 2011,,Beijing still have 31.3% of the people who accept passive smoking almost every day,In 2008 after the fall of the rebound.

　　同时，2011年，就全市被动吸烟的暴露场所而言，政府大楼或政府办公室几乎每天暴露于被动吸烟的比例最高，为42.28%，其次是工作的地方，暴露率为41.29%，而在被公众诟病烟雾缭绕的餐厅和室内等候区的暴露率则最低，分别为34.48%和34.58%。

At the same time,In 2011,,Is the passive smoking exposure in place,The government or government office building almost daily exposure to passive smoking the highest percentage,Is 42.28%,The second is the work place,Exposure rate was 41.29%,But in public for smoky restaurant and wait for the indoor exposure rate is the lowest,Were 34.48% and 34.58% respectively.

　　烟草在线网站一文显示，“10%左右的烟民抽的都是高价礼品烟，这部分烟草销售占到全部利润的六成左右”。据一控烟专家介绍，其一项调查显示，7%左右的烟民抽的是礼品烟，即价格高达每条数百至逾千元的一类烟，还有不足3%的人是既抽礼品烟，也自己买，抽高价烟的人中以官员、部委领导和企业领导居多，因此控烟从领导做起、斩断礼品烟销路“刻不容缓”。

Tobacco online website are showed,"10% of smokers smoke is high gift smoke,This part of the tobacco sales accounted for about sixty percent of all profits".According to a smoke control expert introduction,One survey,7% of smokers smoke is gift smoke,That is the price is as high as each hundreds of more than one thousand yuan to a kind of smoke,With less than 3% of the people are not only smoke gift smoke,Also buy themselves,High prices of smoke cigarettes with officials/Ministries and commissions leadership and enterprise leadership is in the majority,So start from tobacco control leadership/Take gifts smoke market"urgent".

　　□举措 - move

　　百余国家机关将全撤烟缸 More than state organs will withdraw all ashtray

　　市爱卫会相关负责人表示，本市无烟机关打造工作将于今年春节后正式启动，这是本市控烟工作范围继无烟学校、无烟医院后的又一次扩大，也是为本市控烟立法中提出的实现室内公共场所完全禁烟做铺垫。

The city AiWeiHui officials say,This city smokeless authority make work will be officially launched in this year after the Spring Festival,"This is the smoke control scope of work after smoke-free schools/Smokeless hospital after another to expand,But also for the city in the realization of the proposed legislation tobacco control indoor public places or to ban smoking completely.

　　记者获悉，中直机关、国资委等均在百余无烟机关名单之中。据了解，无烟机关的具体标准是：机关办公大楼内全面禁烟，即无吸烟物品(烟缸、烟具、卷烟)、无人吸烟、无烟味、无烟头烟灰。禁烟区域包括楼内所有场所；机关所有工作人员自觉不吸烟，不给他人散烟，不接受他人敬烟；机关大楼外设立室外吸烟区，机关工作人员和来访者只能在室外吸烟区吸烟。

The reporter learns,ZhongZhi authority/The sasac, etc in smokeless authority in the list.It is understood,Smokeless organ of the specific standard is:A complete ban on smoking in the office building,That is no smoking items(ashtray/yanju/cigarette)/No smoking/Smokeless taste/No cigarette ash.Non-smoking area includes all the sites inside the building;Authorities all staff consciously don't smoke,Don't give others scattered smoke,Don't accept others and smoke;Authorities set up outside the building outdoor smoking area,Staff and visitors can only in the outdoor smoking smoking.

　　市爱卫会负责人表示，随着无烟机关数量的增多，其无烟做法不仅将辐射到区县机关，更能在一定程度上减少礼品烟的销量。

The city AiWeiHui person in charge said,With the increase of number of smokeless authority,The smokeless practice will not only radiation to area county authorities,More can to a certain extent reduce gift sales of smoke.

　　记者获悉，国家部委中，卫生部是从2011年初就开始推行全面禁烟，其办公楼内的吸烟区设在大楼外西南侧。而在办公楼里，禁烟标识随处可见。推开卫生部传达室的大门，迎面就能看见“卫生部机关室内所有区域禁止吸烟”的提示。办公大楼的进门处，摆放着透明有机玻璃制作的禁烟提示牌。一楼大厅东西两侧的迎客沙发边的每个茶几上都有禁烟标识，没有烟灰缸。

The reporter learns,National ministries and commissions of the,The ministry of health from early 2011 began to implement a complete ban on smoking,The office building in the smoking area is located in the southwest side of the building.And in the office,Smoking logo can be seen everywhere.Push the door of the ministry of health reception office,Head can see"The ministry of health authorities indoor smoking is forbidden in all areas"tips.The place that take the door of the office building,Put the transparent organic glass made DiShiPai ban.The first floor hall on both sides of the things to welcome the edge of the sofa every tea table have non-smoking identification,No ashtray.

　　□监督 / supervision

　　自管抽查和公众监督三位一体 Since the tube spot check and public supervision and the trinity

　　与无烟医院和无烟学校的打造不同，部委这样“高端”的单位实现无烟，谁来监督？能否真正实现？对此，北京市爱卫会负责人表示，随着本市控烟立法工作的推进，打造室内无烟环境的倡议得到越来越多人的响应，目前市爱卫会正在和部委进行沟通，一旦“加盟”无烟机关名单，则须按相关规定执行。

And a smoke-free hospitals and smokeless school make different,Ministries and commissions such"high-end"Unit to realize smokeless,Who to supervise?Can truly realize?this,Beijing AiWeiHui person in charge said,With the advancement of tobacco control legislation in this city,Make indoor smoke-free environment initiative to get more people's response,The present market AiWeiHui is communication and ministries and commissions,once"join"Smokeless authority list,Shall be according to the relevant provisions.

　　据介绍，目前，北京无烟机关的打造方案已经“出炉”，其中即包括对执行情况的监督和检查。据了解，目前，多数单位内都有控烟检查员，在日常监督和检查的同时，爱卫会的工作人员将不定期进行抽查。首医大社会医学科研室教授崔小波表示，实现室内公共场所全面无烟需要各单位奖罚分明的政策，奖惩力度越大，控烟效果越明显。

According to introducing,At present,Beijing smokeless authority make plan has been"are",Which is including the implementation of supervision and inspection.It is understood,At present,Most of the units inside have smoke control inspector,In the daily supervision and inspection at the same time,AiWeiHui staff will not regular check.The first YiDa social medicine professor of computer CuiXiaoBo said,To realize comprehensive indoor public places smoke-free need each unit the rules for reward and punishment policy,Greater rewards and penalties,Smoke control effect of the more obvious.

　　市十三届人大常委会五年立法工作，将《北京市控烟条例》拟列入2013年的立法计划。在“北京市控烟条例专家建议稿中”提出新的执法机制的建设，除了执法主体和单位自身监督外，本市还将鼓励志愿者组织、其他社会组织和个人通过各种形式参与控烟工作，对在禁止吸烟场所发生的吸烟行为，公民应予以劝阻并及时向爱卫会举报。

City people's congress standing committee of the thirteenth five years legislation,will[The smoke control regulations]Quasi included in the 2013 legislative plans.in"The smoke control regulations expert advice in the draft"Put forward the construction of the new law enforcement mechanism,In addition to law enforcement main body and the supervision unit itself,The city will also encourage volunteer organization/Other social organizations and individuals through various forms to participate in smoke control work,Smoking is forbidden in the place of smoking behavior,Citizens shall dissuade the wrongdoer and timely report to AiWeiHui.

　　□释疑 - disabuse

　　室内吸烟的污染有多大 The pollution of indoor smoking have how old

　　空气污染比PM2.5大爆表更严重 Air pollution than PM2.5 boom table is more serious

　　“一支烟就可以让室内PM2.5浓度上升到400，三支烟同时点燃，这个数字可以飙升至2000”，昨天，记者从首都医科大学获悉，由其社会医学教研室和环境卫生学教研室共同进行的一项研究显示，室内吸烟导致的空气污染比日前爆表的“950”严重得多，且颗粒含量均为严重危害人体健康的化学物质。

"A smoke can let indoor PM2.5 concentrations to rise to 400,Three cigarettes lit at the same time,This number can soared to 2000",yesterday,Reporters learned that from the capital medical university,By its social medical teaching and research section and environmental hygiene teaching and research section of common a study,Smoking indoor air pollution caused by blasting than table"950"More serious,And particle content are serious harm to human health and chemicals.

　　首医大社会医学科研室教授崔小波介绍，PM2.5颗粒的直径为头发的1/20，主体含量在室内和室外的差异也比较大。大气中PM2.5的主要来源是云雾状的水蒸气夹裹着污染物，包括汽车尾气、冬季烧煤、发电及工业生产等过程中经过燃烧而排放的残留物，多含有重金属等有毒物质，但比较研究发现，室内PM2.5首要来自吸烟所造成的污染，以及做饭时产生的油气残留物等也会提高室内PM2.5的污染值。

The first YiDa social medicine professor of computer CuiXiaoBo is introduced,PM2.5 particles diameter for 1/20 of the hair,Main content in the indoor and outdoor difference is big.The atmosphere is the main source of PM2.5 mist shape of water vapor clip wrapped pollutants,Including automobile tail gas/Winter coal burning/Power generation and industrial production process after combustion and emission of the residue,Many contain heavy metals and toxic substances,But comparative study found,Indoor PM2.5 primary pollution caused from smoking,As well as cooking oil and gas from the residue and so on also will improve indoor PM2.5 pollution value.

　　在首医大环境卫生实验室完成的二手烟雾检测试验中，崔小波发现：在35平方米的室内密闭环境中，在距离吸烟者3米的情况下，第二名吸烟者点燃卷烟时，室内的PM2.5的浓度将从第一支烟点燃后的400污染值快速上升至800至1200，但当第三名吸烟者加入时，该污染值会上升至2000污染值及以上，“百姓家中单间居室面积多在20平方米左右，因此实际PM2.5浓度要比实验室数据更高”。

In the first YiDa environmental health laboratory complete second-hand smoke detection test,CuiXiaoBo found:In the 35 square meters of indoor closed environment,At a distance of 3 meters under the condition of the smokers,The second lit cigarette smokers when,Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 from first light a cigarette after 400 pollution value quickly rose to 800 to 1200,But when the third when smokers to join,The pollution value raised 2000 pollution value and above,"People home single bedroom area in twenty square metre,So the actual PM2.5 concentrations higher than laboratory data".

　　“最可怕的是，受室内空气流通限制，只有室内排风扇达到6级风力时，且南北通透的格局中，烟雾中的颗粒才可能被吹散”，崔小波说。

"The most terrible is,By the indoor air flow restrictions,Only indoor fan reach six level when the wind,And the situation of the north-south,The smoke particles just may be overblown",CuiXiaoBo said.

　　二手烟的危害有多大 Secondhand smoke harm have how old

　　长期吸二手烟患心脏病风险高 Secondhand smoke high risk of heart disease

　　崔小波说，烟草烟雾的室内污染情况非常特殊，因为烟草烟雾是由复杂的有机物、烟草、加上各种添加剂、纸和过滤嘴，在高温作用下产生的，这种烟雾由很多种气体和微粒组成。据检测，一支香烟燃烧后可产生7000多种化学成分，其中气态物质占烟气总量的92%，颗粒状物质占8%，因其颗粒物质量较轻，会随空气飘浮在室内，并附着在家具、沙发、人的皮肤等地方。

CuiXiaoBo said,Tobacco smoke indoor pollution situation is very special,Because tobacco smoke is the complex organic matter/tobacco/Combined with various additives/Filter paper and,In under the action of high temperature produced,The smoke from a variety of gas and particle composition.According to the test,A cigarette after combustion can produce more than 7000 kinds of chemical composition,The gaseous material accounted for 92% of the total flue gas,Granular material accounted for 8%,Because of its particles quality is light,With air floating in indoor,And adhere to the furniture/sofa/The place such as the skin.

　　在数千种烟气组分中，被认为对人体健康最有害的是尼古丁、焦油、一氧化碳、醛类等物质。研究时，崔小波把吸烟者吸入的烟称为主流烟雾，而把飘浮在空气中的烟雾，及可能被其他人重复吸入的称为“侧流烟雾”或二手烟，其中的化学物质没有“主流烟雾”燃烧充分，因此其有害成分比主流烟雾还要高。

In the thousands of flue gas component of,Is considered the most harmful to human body health is nicotine/tar/Carbon monoxide/Aldehydes and other material.research,The smokers CuiXiaoBo inhaled smoke called mainstream smoke,And the floating in smoke in the air,And may be others repeat suction are called"Side stream smoke"Or secondhand smoke,One of the chemical substance did not"Mainstream smoke"Burning full,So the harmful composition than the mainstream smoke also high.

　　如一氧化碳的含量，侧流烟雾是主流烟雾的5倍，焦油和烟碱是3倍，苯并芘是4倍，氨是46倍，亚硝胺是50倍，尼古丁是2倍甚至几十倍。此外，甲醛、甲苯、丙酮、二氧化氮等的数值也很高。由此可见，不吸烟但难逃二手烟危害的家庭成员或办公室一族的健康也受到严重损害。

Such as the content of carbon monoxide,Side stream smoke is the mainstream smoke 5 times,Tar and nicotine is 3 times,Benzopyrene is four times,Ammonia is 46 times,Nitrosamines is fifty times,Nicotine is 2 times even a few times.In addition,formaldehyde/toluene/acetone/Nitrogen dioxide, numerical is also very high.Thus it can be seen,Don't smoke but not escape secondhand smoke harm family member or a clan in the office of health is also affected by serious damage.

　　“所以说，二手烟也会杀死人，但首先杀死的是心脏和肺部有病的病人，然后是老人和尚未发育完全的儿童，短期二手烟暴露会使被动吸烟者血液变得黏稠，长期在家中或工作时二手烟暴露，会使不吸烟者患心脏病的风险增加25%至30%”。

"so,Secondhand smoke also can kill people,But first kill is the heart and lungs a sick patient,Then the old man and has not yet been fully grown children,Short-term exposure to secondhand smoke can make passive smokers blood becomes sticky stiff,For a long time in home or work secondhand smoke exposure,Can make the non-smokers increased risk of heart disease by 25% to 30%".

　　不吸烟对经济影响有多大 Don't smoke on economic how much impact

　　吸烟率降1.5%一年可节省8亿元 Smoking rates drop 1.5% a year can save 800 million yuan

　　吸烟率上升在“造福”烟草企业的同时，却拖了社会经济发展的“后腿”，对于两者间的“亲密”关系，常年关注控烟工作的崔小波曾做过专项研究。

Smoking rates rise in"benefit"Tobacco enterprise at the same time,But the drag of the social and economic development"Hind leg",In between"close"relationship,Perennial focus on tobacco control work CuiXiaoBo had special research.

　　崔小波介绍，2008年，本市的吸烟率由22.95%下降至21.46%，被动吸烟率由36.92%降至25.58%，因此当年戒烟者和每天遭受二手烟危害的人数共减少约28万人，因吸烟主要造成的三种疾病分别是：肺癌、心脏病和呼吸道疾病，根据三者的死亡率和其中吸烟者及被动吸烟者的发病率推算出，一手烟和二手烟减少的死亡人数在1714至1832之间。

CuiXiaoBo introduced,In 2008,,This municipality's smoking rate dropped from 22.95% to 21.46%,Passive smoking rate by 36.92% to 25.58%,So when people stop smoking and secondhand smoke harm suffered every day the number of reduce a total of about 280000 people,The main cause for smoking three kind of disease are respectively:Lung cancer/Heart disease and respiratory diseases,According to the three mortality and the incidence of smokers and passive smokers were calculated,A smoke and secondhand smoke to reduce the death toll between 1714 and 1832.

　　那么换算成经济数字是多少呢？崔小波说，以医疗成本、死亡赔偿、当年城镇人口可支配收入等数据，可计算出，2008年，北京市控烟工作减少的人均死亡的价值损失约为37.78万元。由此推算，总损失减少6.465亿元至8.01亿元间。

So conversion into economic number is how much?CuiXiaoBo said,With medical cost/Death compensation/The disposable income of urban population data, etc,Can be calculated,In 2008,,The smoke control work to reduce the value of the per capita death loss about 377800 yuan.That would,Total loss reduction 646.5 million yuan to 801 million yuan between.

　　除了造成人群健康恶化、产生经济负担外，由“一支烟”引发的火灾费用之巨也令人咋舌。根据2005和2006年统计，吸烟导致的火灾平均为所有火灾的15%，2008年，本市的平均火灾损失由24.6万元降至17.3万元。

In addition to cause people health deterioration/Produce the economic burden,the"A smoke"The fire caused by the huge cost also is be left speechless with wonder or fear.According to the statistics of 2005 and 2006,Smoking causes fire an average of 15% of all fire,In 2008,,The city's average fire loss from 246000 yuan to drop to 173000 yuan.